This study aimed to explore the association between sleep quality and its components and both dimensions of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of young adults. The sample comprised ...337 participants with a mean age of 19.6 y (SD = 2.22). Sleep quality and HRQoL were measured through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the SF-12, respectively. Regression analyses were used to investigate the association between sleep quality and HRQoL. Our results confirm the significant association between sleep quality and both physical (
= 0.015; β = -0.138; R
= 0.07) and mental (
< 0.001; β = -0.348; R
= 0.22) HRQoL in the adjusted models. However, our results also highlight the differential association between sleep quality and mental and physical HRQoL. Whereas all the sleep quality components (except sleep latency;
= 0.349) were significantly associated with mental HRQoL (
< 0.05), just two subscales (subjective sleep quality;
= 0.021; β = -0.143 and sleep disturbances
= 0.002; β = -0.165) showed a significant association. This study showed that there is a stronger association between sleep quality and mental health than sleep quality and physical health in young adults.
Clinically diagnosed familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) may require a genetic test (GT) to confirm diagnosis. GT availability/accessibility is resource-dependent and usually restricted to specialized ...clinics. While GT has a diagnostic value, it has not yet defined its impact on long-term management and prognosis of FH.
The aim was to identify the clinical characteristics associated with the request for a GT in suspected heterozygous FH.
Retrospective study including adult patients with clinically suspected to be FH. Positive GT (GT+) was defined as having a pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant. Patients were stratified based on whether they had a genetic study conducted, and among those with a genetic study, according to those who did or did not have a GT+.
From 4854 patients included, 3090 were performed a GT (GT+: 2113). Median follow-up: 6.2 years. A younger age, FH-related physical signs, premature coronary disease, higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and lower body mass index and triglycerides, associated higher odds of being conducted a genetic study. These patients had higher baseline LDLc (252 mg/dL vs. 211 mg/dL among clinically diagnosed patients) and experienced larger reductions over the follow-up (157.7 mg/dL vs. 113.5 mg/dL, respectively). A similar pattern was observed among patients with GT+ (vs. negative GT). LDLc target attainment was low but increased to 66-95% when a triple combination with statin/ezetimibe/proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9-inhibitor was used. Cardiovascular events occurred in 3.2% and 3.1% of patients who conducted/not conducted a genetic study. Patients conducted a genetic analysis and those with GT+ tended to present the events earlier.
Genetic study, vs. having a clinical-only diagnosis, impacts the management of FH. Cardiovascular prognosis was similar in both groups, perhaps as a result of the more intensive management of patients with a genetic study.
We evaluated in this randomised, double-blind clinical trial the efficacy of melatonin as a prophylactic treatment for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers at high risk of ...SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Healthcare workers fulfilling inclusion criteria were recruited in five hospitals in Spain and were randomised 1:1 to receive melatonin 2 mg administered orally for 12 weeks or placebo. The main outcome was the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections. A total of 344 volunteers were screened, and 314 were randomised: 151 to placebo and 163 to melatonin; 308 received the study treatment (148 placebo; 160 melatonin). We detected 13 SARS-CoV-2 infections, 2.6% in the placebo arm and 5.5% in the melatonin arm (
= 0.200). A total of 294 adverse events were detected in 127 participants (139 in placebo; 155 in melatonin). We found a statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse events related to treatment: 43 in the placebo arm and 67 in the melatonin arm (
= 0.040), and in the number of participants suffering from somnolence related to treatment: 8.8% (
= 14) in the melatonin versus 1.4% (
= 2) in the placebo arm (
= 0.008). No severe adverse events related to treatment were reported. We cannot confirm our hypothesis that administration of melatonin prevents the development of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers.
A consensus document of the Diabetes working group of the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis (SEA) is presented, based on the latest studies and conceptual changes that have appeared. It presents ...the cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the action guidelines for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with T2DM. The importance of lipid control, based on the objective of LDL-C and non-HDL-C when there is hypertriglyceridemia, and the blood pressure control in the prevention and treatment of CVD is evaluated. The new hypoglycemic drugs and their effects on CVD are reviewed, as well as the treatment and control guidelines of hyperglycemia. Likewise, the use of antiplatelet agents is considered. Emphasis is placed on the importance of global and simultaneous action on all risk factors to achieve a significant reduction in cardiovascular events. This supplement is sponsored by Laboratorios Esteve, S.A.
Infection by coronavirus type 2, which is the cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), gives rise to thromboembolic complications, including acute cerebrovascular disease. Due to the ...hypercoagulable state that accompanies pregnancy, the thrombotic risk in these patients may be particularly significant.
We report the case of a 41-year-old woman, 34+1 weeks pregnant, diagnosed with bilateral interstitial pneumonia, caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The patient presented with severe respiratory failure, and so the decision was made to perform an emergency caesarean section and she was transferred to the intensive care unit. During her stay in hospital, the patient suffered a sudden episode of decreased level of consciousness, and magnetic resonance angiography revealed thrombosis in the left vertebral artery and in the basilar artery, with the presence of acute ischaemic infarction in both cerebellar hemispheres and bilateral involvement of the brainstem.
Severe SARS-CoV-2 disease results in a prothrombotic state that correlates with the prognosis of the disease. The last trimester of pregnancy and the puerperium are known prothrombotic risk factors. Recommendations for anticoagulation management in pregnant patients with COVID-19 are based on limited evidence. This is the first case to be published in Spain involving cerebral arterial thrombosis in a pregnant patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Introducción: Los sistemas de hemodiálisis tienen capacidad trombogénica, por lo que se utiliza de forma rutinaria la anticoagulación. Su prescripción no se encuentra exenta de riesgos, a pesar de lo ...cual las recomendaciones respecto a la dosis pautada siguen basándose en criterios muy diversos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental aleatorizado y cruzado. Seis pacientes realizaron seis sesiones de hemodiafiltración posdilución con el dializador de polisulfona HF80® y anticoagulación habitual con nadroparina, y seis sesiones con el dializador AN69ST® de poliacrilonitrilo con una cubierta de heparina sin el uso de anticoagulación sistémica. Evaluamos cada hora el grado de coagulación del dializador y del circuito extracorpóreo mediante una escala visual y las variaciones en los parámetros de coagulación, entre los que se incluyó el factor anti-Xa. Nuestro objetivo primario fue valorar las variaciones en la actividad del factor anti-Xa en ausencia de diferencias en la tasa de coagulación masiva entre los dos grupos. Resultados: No se coaguló el dializador de forma completa o grado 4 en ninguna de las 36 sesiones realizadas con cada dializador. Se produjo una coagulación parcial del dializador inferior del 25% (grado 1-2) en 32 (88,9%) sesiones con AN69ST® y 35 (97,2%) con el dializador habitual, y superior del 25% (grado 3-4) en 4 (11,1%) sesiones con AN69ST® y en 1 (2,8%) sesión con el dializador con heparina. La coagulación del atrapaburbujas arterial no fue superior al 25% (grados 3 y 4) en ninguna de las sesiones estudiadas, y la cámara venosa en sólo 1 (2,8%) sesión con el dializador habitual y 3 (8,4%) con AN69ST® sin diferencias entre los dos dializadores. El valor del tiempo de tromboplastina parcial activada presentó diferencias a las dos horas entre ambas técnicas, relacionadas con la administración de la heparina de bajo peso molecular (33,3 ± 2,7 s con polisulfona y 27,5 ± 2,3 s en AN69ST®, p < 0,05), que continuaron siendo significativas al finalizar la sesión (29,8 ± 2,1 s con polisulfona y 27,2 ± 1,8 s con AN69ST® , p < 0,05). La actividad del factor anti-Xa fue máxima dos horas después de la administración de nadroparina, con diferencias entre ambos dializadores (0,46 ± 0,13 UI/ml en diálisis con polisulfona y 0,04 ± 0,04 UI/ml con AN69ST®, p < 0,005), para ir descendiendo en la determinación de las 4 horas (0,17 ± 0,12 UI/ml en diálisis con polisulfona y 0,02 ± 0,03 UI/ml en AN69ST®, p < 0,05). Un paciente fue excluido del estudio al presentar una reacción adversa caracterizada por prurito generalizado con el dializador AN69ST®, motivo por el que retiró en la primera sesión el consentimiento. Conclusión: Demostramos la baja trombogenicidad del dializador AN69ST® de forma que permite realizar sesiones de hemodiafiltración posdilución sin necesidad de anticoagulación sistémica, y sin aumentar la frecuencia de eventos de coagulación grave en comparación con el dializador HF80® junto a nadroparina y con menor riesgo de sangrado al no modificar la actividad del factor anti-Xa.
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