It is a fundamental task of translating videos into natural language automatically by computer. At present, the models for video description based on deep learning have made a great breakthrough. ...However, the static information loss is serious during encoding stage for motion feature of videos, and the linguistic feature from LSTM network lack personalized expression, leading to inappropriate words and poor semantics in generation sentences. In this work, a model with enhanced features of visual and language is proposed to address the challenges. First, static features of video frames from the first LSTM layer are incorporated, then fed into another LSTM layer according by frame sequence. Second, the feature of word is combined with the output of LSTM network for predicted probability of candidate word on each time step. The experimental results demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed approach with competitive performance compared with other state-of-the-art methods on various metrics.
•A more effective two-stage pre-training strategy is used for video description.•A visual and language representation enhancing method is proposed.•A visual sequential mean pooling method is proposed to further improve performance.
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of abdominal aortic balloon for pregnant women with placenta increta or percreta (PIP).
Retrospective analysis of the parameters containing estimated blood loss, ...red cell suspension (RCS) transfusion volume, hysterectomy, surgery time, postoperative hospital days, neonatal status and complications between the two groups.
The patients with preoperative abdominal aortic balloon occlusion (AABO) had significant reduction in blood loss volume, red cell suspension transfusion volume and plasma transfusion volume compared to patients without balloon. Similarly, the surgery time and hysterectomy were obviously reduced in the AABO group. However, there were no difference in the Apgar scores and neonatal complications between the two groups, indicating that the abdominal aortic balloon has little adverse effect on the newborns.
AABO plays dramatic roles on reducing blood loss volume and blood transfusion volume and it is also a safe and effective technology providing new insight into the therapy of patient with PIP.
Preoperative abdominal aortic balloon occlusion (AABO), as a new intravascular interventional therapy, is safe and effective in patients with placenta increta or percreta.
The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the relationship between urinary excretion of cadmium (U-Cd) and biomarkers of renal dysfunction.
One hundred eighty five non-smoking female ...farmers (aged from 44 to 71 years) were recruited from two rural areas with different cadmium levels of exposure in southern China. Morning spot urine samples were collected for detecting U-Cd, urinary creatinine (U-cre), β₂-microglobulin (β₂-MG), α₁-microglobulin (α₁-MG), metallothionein (MT), retinol binding protein (RBP), albumin (AB), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). Spearman's rank correlation was carried out to assess pairwise bivariate associations between continuous variables. Three different models of multiple linear regression (the cre-corrected, un-corrected and cre-adjusted model) were used to model the dose-response relationships between U-Cd and nine urine markers.
Spearman's rank correlation showed that NAG, ALP, RBP, β₂-MG and MT were significantly associated with U-Cd for both cre-corrected and observed data. Generally, NAG correlated best with U-Cd among the nine biomarkers studied, followed by ALP and MT. In the un-corrected model and cre-adjusted model, the regression coefficients and R² of nine biomarkers were larger than the corresponding values in the cre-corrected model, indicating that the use of observed data was better for investigating the relationship between biomarkers and U-Cd than cre-corrected data.
Our results suggest that NAG, MT and ALP in urine were better biomarkers for long-term environmental cadmium exposure assessment among the nine biomarkers studied. Further, data without normalization with creatinine show better relationships between cadmium exposure and renal dysfunction.
Due to the highly environment-dependent biodegradation and uncontrolled degradation period, the long-run feasibility and effectiveness of biodegradable polymers are extensively questioned to solve ...plastics waste accumulation and pollution problems. This work physically incorporated lipase PS from Burkholderia cepacian on cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and embedded it in polycaprolactone (PCL) to construct stable and controllable interfacial microenvironment between CNC and PCL for the reinforcement and controllable self-driven biodegradation. The physical adsorption of lipase PS on CNC was studied by monitoring the surface charge and particle size. FT-IR spectra confirmed the successful incorporation of lipase PS and CNC. Compared with CNC, protein-modified CNC had a higher maximum thermal decomposition temperature of 345 °C and lower interfacial tension of 11 mN/m with PCL which provided PCL composites with higher nucleation efficiency and tensile elongation of 1086 % at break. In addition, only 0.67 % embedded lipase PS completely hydrolyzed PCL membranes in <140 h. The post-compression molding at 80–100 °C had negligible influence on the lipase activity, which indicated that CNC could protect the lipase from inactivation in polymer extrusion and compression. This work also highlighted protein-modified CNC as a new technology for polymer reinforcement.
The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by SARS-CoV-2, an RNA virus with high transmissibility and mutation rate. Given the paucity of orally bioavailable antiviral drugs to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection, ...there is a critical need for additional antivirals with alternative mechanisms of action. Papain-like protease (PL
) is one of the two SARS-CoV-2 encoded viral cysteine proteases essential for viral replication. PL
cleaves at three sites of the viral polyproteins. In addition, PL
antagonizes the host immune response upon viral infection by cleaving ISG15 and ubiquitin from host proteins. Therefore, PL
is a validated antiviral drug target. In this study, we report the X-ray crystal structures of papain-like protease (PL
) with two potent inhibitors, Jun9722 and Jun9843. Subsequently, we designed and synthesized several series of analogs to explore the structure-activity relationship, which led to the discovery of PL
inhibitors with potent enzymatic inhibitory activity and antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Together, the lead compounds are promising drug candidates for further development.
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TGF-β type I receptor (also known as activin-like kinase 5 or ALK5) plays a critical role in the progression of fibrotic diseases and tumor invasiveness and metastasis, as well. The ...development of small inhibitors targeting ALK5 has been validated as a potential therapeutic strategy for fibrotic diseases and cancer. Here, we developed various 4-((1-cyclopropyl-3-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) oxy) pyridine-2-yl) amino derivatives as ALK5 inhibitors. The optimization led to identification of potent and selective ALK5 inhibitors 12r. The compound 12r exhibited strong inhibitory activity both in vitro and in vivo, and pharmacokinetics study showed an oral bioavailability of 57.6%. Thus, compound 12r may provide as new therapeutic option as ALK5 TGF-βR1 inhibitor.
In order to enrich campus sport life and promote the development of campus ball game, this paper uses the analysis method to analyze the development mode of campus football and evaluates the relevant ...factors combined with the development status, characteristics, and future trend of campus football. Factor analysis is a comprehensive analysis method, which can realize multifactor comprehensive analysis and qualitative and quantitative analysis of campus football. At the same time, analyze the relationship between various factors and find a scheme conducive to the development of campus football. The results show that both comprehensive method factors and single method factors are positive, indicating that the two models have a significant positive impact on the development model of students’ football. However, the influence degree of the comprehensive method (0.314) is the largest, followed by the single method factor (0.128), and the sig. values of the two variable factors are <0.05, so the comprehensive method is the main mode of campus football development. Therefore, the factor analysis method proposed in this paper is conducive to the selection of campus football development model and provides support for the development of campus football.
Developing efficient adsorbent materials towards energy gas purification, e.g. CO 2 removal from natural gas or hydrocarbon separation, is an important but extremely challenging task. Herein, taking ...advantage of a cationic bipyridinium ligand in competition with a multicarboxylate ligand for binding with metal ions, a porous material with open carboxylate oxygen atoms exposed on the pore surface has been demonstrated as an efficient adsorbent for gas separation. The polar environment arising from the cationic pyridinium moiety and the negative carboxylate group endows the title compound with selective affinity to CO 2 over CH 4 . Moreover, the rich open O donor sites on the channel surface enable the resultant coordination polymer to selectively adsorb C 2 H 2 over C 2 H 4 through H-bonding interactions. The separation mechanism has been revealed by theoretical studies. This work provides a specific guidance for the design of applicable porous materials toward energy resource purification.
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) virus is a nonpolio enterovirus that typically causes respiratory illness and, in severe cases, can lead to paralysis and death in children. There is currently no vaccine or ...antiviral for EV-D68. We previously discovered the viral 2A protease (2Apro) as a viable antiviral drug target and identified telaprevir as a 2Apro inhibitor. 2Apro is a viral cysteine protease that cleaves the viral VP1-2A polyprotein junction. In this study, we report the X-ray crystal structures of EV-D68 2Apro, wild-type, and the C107A mutant and the structure-based lead optimization of telaprevir. Guided by the X-ray crystal structure, we predicted the binding pose of telaprevir in 2Apro using molecular dynamics simulations. We then utilized this model to inform structure-based optimization of the telaprevir’s reactive warhead and P1–P4 substitutions. These efforts led to the discovery of 2Apro inhibitors with improved antiviral activity than telaprevir. These compounds represent promising lead compounds for further development as EV-D68 antivirals.
Chiral cyclobutene units are commonly found in natural products and biologically active molecules. Transition-metal-catalysis has been extensively used in asymmetric synthesis of such structures, ...while organocatalytic approaches remain elusive. In this study, bicyclo1.1.0butanes are involved in enantioselective transformation for the first time to offer a highly efficient route toward cyclobutenes with good regio- and enantiocontrol. The utilization of N-triflyl phosphoramide as a chiral Brønsted acid promoter enables this isomerization process to proceed under mild conditions with low catalyst loading as well as good functional group compatibility. The resulting chiral cyclobutenes could serve as platform molecules for downstream manipulations with excellent reservation of stereochemical integrity, demonstrating the synthetic practicality of the developed method. Control experiments have also been performed to verify the formation of a key carbocation intermediate at the benzylic position.
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