Remimazolam is a novel, ultrashort-acting benzodiazepine. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of remimazolam and propofol for hysteroscopic examination, to determine the optimal dose ...of remimazolam combined with alfentanil for painless hysteroscopy, and to calculate its median effective dose (ED50).
Step 1: A total of 208 patients undergoing hysteroscopic examination were prospectively included in this study. Patients were randomized into 4 groups: 0.2 mg/kg remimazolam (group A), 0.25 mg/kg remimazolam besylate (group B), 0.3 mg/kg remimazolam (group C), and 2 mg/kg propofol (group D), with 52 patients in each group. One minute after losing consciousness, patients received an intravenous injection of alfentanil at 5 µg/kg, followed by a continuous infusion of alfentanil at 0.5 µg/kg/min. If patients showed frowning, movement, or MOAA/S > 1, sedatives were added: 0.05 mg/kg/dose of remimazolam for groups A, B, and C, and 0.5 mg/kg/dose of propofol for group D. Step 2: Dixon's up-and-down method was used to calculate the ED50 of remimazolam combined with alfentanil during hysteroscopic examination.
The sedation success rates of the remimazolam groups were 88.46%, 94.23%, and 98.08%, respectively, compared to 96.15% in the propofol group, with no significant difference (P = .175). MAP in groups A and B was higher than in group D (P < .05), and significantly higher in group C than in group D (P = .0016). SpO2 values in groups A, B, and C were higher than in group D at T2 to T3 (P < .001). HR in groups A, B, and C was significantly higher than in group D (P < .001). The ED50 of remimazolam combined with alfentanil in hysteroscopy was 0.244 mg/kg, 95%CI (0.195-0.22) and ED95 was 0.282 mg/kg, 95%CI (0.261-1.619).
In hysteroscopy, the sedative effect of remimazolam is like that of propofol, with 0.25 mg/kg remimazolam showing better safety and efficacy, and less impact on the respiratory and circulatory systems. Additionally, under the influence of alfentanil, the ED50 of remimazolam in hysteroscopy is 0.244 mg/kg, with no severe adverse reactions observed.
A major cause of intestinal failure (IF) is intestinal epithelium necrosis and massive loss of enterocytes, especially in the jejunum, the major intestinal segment in charge of nutrient absorption. ...However, mechanisms underlying jejunal epithelial regeneration after extensive loss of enterocytes remain elusive. Here, we apply a genetic ablation system to induce extensive damage to jejunal enterocytes in zebrafish, mimicking the jejunal epithelium necrosis that causes IF. In response to injury, proliferation and filopodia/lamellipodia drive anterior migration of the ileal enterocytes into the injured jejunum. The migrated fabp6+ ileal enterocytes transdifferentiate into fabp2+ jejunal enterocytes to fulfill the regeneration, consisting of dedifferentiation to precursor status followed by redifferentiation. The dedifferentiation is activated by the IL1β-NFκB axis, whose agonist promotes regeneration. Extensive jejunal epithelial damage is repaired by the migration and transdifferentiation of ileal enterocytes, revealing an intersegmental migration mechanism of intestinal regeneration and providing potential therapeutic targets for IF caused by jejunal epithelium necrosis.
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•The zebrafish intestinal injury model mimics mammalian intestinal failure•Ileal enterocytes migrate and transdifferentiate to nascent jejunal enterocytes•The passive and active migration drive movements of ileal enterocytes to jejunum•The transdifferentiation of ileal enterocytes is activated by the IL1β-NFκB axis
Wei et al. identify an intestinal regenerative mechanism that is fulfilled by intestinal intersegmental cell migration in combination with transdifferentiation. After extensive damage to jejunal enterocytes, ileal enterocytes migrate and transdifferentiate to nascent jejunal enterocytes, and this transdifferentiation is driven by the IL1β-NFκB axis.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a malignant cardiovascular disease. Eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) plays an important role in the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle ...cells (PASMCs) in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) rats. However, the regulatory mechanism of eIF2α remains poorly understood in PAH rats. Here, we discover eIF2α is markedly upregulated in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats, eIF2α can be upregulated by mRNA methylation, and upregulated eIF2α can promote PASMC proliferation in MCT-PAH rats. GSK2606414, eIF2α inhibitor, can downregulate the expression of eIF2α and alleviate PASMC proliferation in MCT-PAH rats. And we further discover the mRNA of eIF2α has a common sequence with N 6-methyladenosine (m
6
A) modification by bioinformatics analysis, and the expression of METTL3, WTAP, and YTHDF1 is upregulated in MCT-PAH rats. These findings suggest a potentially novel mechanism by which eIF2α is upregulated by m
6
A modification in MCT-PAH rats, which is involved in the pathogenesis of PAH.
Graphical Abstract
We obtained several displacement time series from the Sichuan permanent GPS net and processed the 1-Hz data observed during a few days before the 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake by double-difference ...instantaneous positioning technique. We filtered the data by the spatial stacking and the modified sidereal filte- ring methods to reduce correlation bias in space and time. The results indicate that these methods can improve the precision significantly.
Oxygen plasma treatment is often used to clean the surface or etch graphene for functional structures. Some unique properties such as photoluminescence (PL), energy bandgap engineering, and so on are ...presented in single‐layer graphene (SLG). Compared with SLG, few‐layer graphene (FLG) has higher luminescence intensity, slower decay rate, and better controllability. It is more universal in the application of new optoelectronic devices and transparent electrodes. So, a systematic study is provided to analyze the mechanism between chemical vapor deposition of few‐layer graphene and oxygen plasma process based on the optical characterization method. Surface morphology, structural defects, resistance change, chemical state, and PL are traced and investigated under different oxygen plasma treatment times. The CO and CO bonds on the surface of the FLG appear to increase and then decrease with oxygen plasma etching based on X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization. A linear square resistance change is presented from 1.4 to 4.8 kΩ sq−1. Besides that, an obvious redshift–blueshift change is produced in fluorescence characteristic spectra. Herein, comprehensive research on the influencing mechanism of graphene and oxygen treatment is exhibited, which provides the potential to construct optoelectronic devices.
Oxygen plasma treatment is the simplest method for the known graphene energy band modulation process. Herein, oxygen plasma technique is adopted to etch the chemical vapor deposition few‐layer graphene film in the low‐pressure cavity. The whole process is followed by controlling the time variable to investigate the effect of different etching parameters on the optical properties of few‐layer graphene.
•Novel hybrid Radiative cooled-Cold storage cooling (RadiColdhc) system is proposed.•Energy and economic analysis are investigated on a highly insulated two-story house.•RadiColdhc system will save ...annual cooling electricity consumption by 26–46%.•Maximum incremental costs are $50.0/m2–$78.9/m2 for an 8-year simple payback period.
Radiative cooling has received much attention as it generates “free” cooling to buildings and helps reduce energy consumption of mechanical air conditioning systems. However, most current radiative cooling materials either work for nighttime (nocturnal) cooling only or have high cost issues. A novel scalable-manufactured randomized glass-polymer hybrid metamaterial coated with silver has recently been developed and reported a 110 W/m2 cooling power on daily average. This metamaterial potentially provides passive cooling for both nighttime and daytime. Proposed is a hybrid diurnal radiative cooled-cold storage cooling system using this metamaterial for air conditioning purposes in single-family houses. Because single-family houses have a relatively low cooling load but high ratio of roof area to floor area, they are excellent end users of the hybrid radiative cooled-cold storage cooling system. The potential energy savings of the hybrid radiative cooled-cold storage cooling system in a typical two-floor single-family house with floor area of 204 m2 have been modeled using EnergyPlus for four locations in the U.S., including Orlando, FL, San Diego, CA, San Francisco, CA, and Denver, CO. In comparison with the electricity consumption of a split air conditioner alone, the hybrid radiative cooled-cold storage cooling system could save annual cooling electricity by 26% to 46% for the modeled locations, under a restriction of 8-year payback period. The corresponding simple payback periods for adoption of the hybrid radiative cooled-cold storage cooling system fall in a range of 4.8–8.0 years and the maximum acceptable incremental costs are $50.0/m2–$78.9/m2. The diurnal working hybrid radiative cooled-cold storage cooling system may provide a cost-effective solution for radiative cooling technology in residential building applications.
Green tea is a Chinese materia medica with the main functions of “inducing urination and quenching thirst”. Green tea polyphenols (GTP) are generally acknowledged as the main active fraction with ...multiple pharmacological functions in green tea. However, the effect of GTP on hyperuricemia is not clear till now.
The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of GTP on serum level of uric acid in potassium oxonate (PO)-induced hyperuricemic mice, and explore the underlying mechanisms from two aspects of production and excretion of uric acid.
PO and GTP were intragastricly administered to mice for consecutive 7 days. Serum level of uric acid, and xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity in serum and liver were examined. Simultaneously, expression of XOD protein in liver was analyzed by Western blot assay. Expressions of urate transporters including urate-anion transporter (URAT) 1, organic anion transporter (OAT) 1 and 3 in kidney were analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining method.
300 and 600mg/kg GTP significantly decreased serum level of uric acid of hyperuricemic mice in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05 or p<0.01). Besides, 300 and 600mg/kg GTP markedly reduced XOD activity in serum and liver of hyperuricemic mice (both p<0.01). Furthermore, 300 and 600mg/kg GTP clearly reduced XOD expression in liver, as well as reduced URAT1 expression and increased OAT1 and OAT3 expressions in kidney of hyperuricemic mice (p<0.05 or p<0.01).
These results demonstrated that GTP had the effect of lowering uric acid through decreasing the uric acid production and increasing uric acid excretion. Our study suggested that GTP would be a promising candidate as a novel hypouricaemic agent for further investigation.
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The April 20, 2013, Ms7.0 Lushan earthquake was successfully recorded by closely spaced Continuous Global Positioning System （CGPS） stations owned by the Crustal Movement Observation Network of Chi- ...na （CMONC）. The 1-Hz GNSS data from eight CGPS stations, which are located between 30 km and 200 km from the hypocenter, were processed within quasi-real-time. The near-field surface deformation indicated the following characteristics ： the near-field movements were limited to several centimeters ; the peak of the deformation wave was significantly larger than the static permanent offset; at the beginning of the event, the north wall of the fault moved to the southeast as the south wall moved to the southwest ; station SCTQ, which was the closest station to the hypocenter at 30 km, had the largest static permanent displacement of 2 cm; the peaks of the deformation waves were 1.5 cm, 5 cm and 3 cm, to the east, the south and vertically upward, respectively ; and the peaks of velocity and acceleration, derived from the deformation, were 3.4 cm/s and 5.3 cm/s^2,respectively.
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