Materials for photosensitized oxygen activation are extremely important for a suite of photodynamic applications in biomedical, analytical, and energy sectors. Carbon-based photosensitizers are ...attractive for their low cost and high stability, but most of them such as fullerene and graphene quantum dots suffer from low efficiency, and the rational design of carbon-based photosensitizers remains a challenge. Given the similar chemical origin of phosphorescence and photosensitization, we herein synthesized a series of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (C-dots) and confirmed that their photo-oxidation activity correlated with their phosphorescence quantum yields, providing a direction for the rational designing of such materials. Compared to other carbon nanomaterials and molecular photosensitizers, these C-dots have the highest activity, and they can finish oxidation reactions in a few seconds. The excellent photosensitized oxygen activation makes these water-soluble C-dots a promising oxidase-mimicking nanozyme for photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy and other applications.
As a sequential modulation of conflict, congruency sequence effect indexes a conflict-induced performance improvement, which is observed as reduced congruency effects for trials after the incongruent ...trials than for trials after the congruent trials. Although congruency sequence effect has been investigated widely in healthy humans, the studies of distributional characteristics across prototypical congruency tasks are scarce. To investigate this issue, the present study adopts the between-subjects design to carry out three experiments, where subjects were separately informed to perform the Stroop, word Flanker, and letter Flanker tasks. The results showed that congruency sequence effect occurred in the congruent and incongruent trials in the Stroop and word Flanker tasks, respectively, and absented in the letter Flanker task, which is interpreted as the differences in the nature and difficulty of the tasks. The distributional properties of congruency sequence effect did not significantly differ from the Gaussian distribution in the Stroop and word Flanker tasks, but not in the letter Flanker task, suggesting the inter-individual variability of congruency sequence effect depends on the nature of tasks. Importantly, the delta plot analyses showed pronouncedly increased congruency sequence effect over the slowest percentile bines in both the Stroop and word Flanker tasks, verifying the activation suppression hypothesis. Altogether, the present study enriches the literature on the distributional characteristics of congruency sequence effect.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To improve the photogenerated charge carrier separation and stability of ZnFe2O4, we prepared new ZnFe2O4/Na-bentonite composites using Na-bentonite as the carrier via a sol-gel method. The ...composition, surface morphology and optical properties of samples were characterized by XRD, TEM, XPS, FTIR and UV–vis DRS analysis. The results of TEM and XPS show that the ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles spread on the thin layers of Na-bentonite due to intercalation with Na-bentonite. The simultaneous effect of the Cr(VI)-RhB wastewater system was investigated by ZnFe2O4/Na-bentonite composites, the removal rate are 88.6% for Cr(VI) and 94.2% for RhB in 120 min, which is 1.3-fold higher of Cr(VI) reduction than that of the individual ones. Based on experimental results of PL and reactive species involved in the removal of RhB and Cr(VI), the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the new ZnFe2O4/Na-bentonite composite could be due to visible-light adsorption ability, larger interfacial area, as well as effective transfer and prolonged charge-hole separation.
•The new ZnFe2O4/Na-bentonite composite was synthesized by a sol-gel method.•A tight interfacial combination was formed between ZnFe2O4 nanosheets and bentonite layers.•The composite exhibits enhancement of photocatalytic activity in the mixed systems.•The possible photocatalytic mechanism was postulated.
Nitrogen (N) plays an important role in the formation of tea quality-related compounds, like amino acids and flavor/aroma origin compounds. Lipids, which have been reported to be affected by N ...deficiency, are precursors to the generation of flavor/aroma origin compounds in tea plant. However, there is no literature about the lipid profiles of tea plant affected by N fertilization. Hence, we hypothesize that the biosynthesis of flavor-related compounds in tea was affected by N through its regulation of lipid metabolism.
In this study, mature leaves and new shoots of tea plant grown under three N levels at the rates of 0, 285 and 474 kg/ha were applied for ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS) based lipidomic analysis. Totally, 178 lipid species were identified. The results showed that the composition of lipid compounds in mature leaves and new shoots varied dramatically, which was also affected by N levels. The higher content of the storage lipid TAG and higher carbon (C)/N ratio in mature leaves than that of new shoots in tea plants grown under low N level (0 kg/ha) suggested that tea plants could remobilize the C stored in TAG to maintain their C/N balance and help to improve the quality of tea. N fertilization resulted in a higher content of the compounds 36:6 MGDG and 36:6 DGDG. Since these compounds contain linolenic acid (18:3), a precursor to the formation of aroma origin compounds, we suggested their increase could contribute to the quality of tea.
Taken together, the present work indicated that appropriate application of N fertilizer could balance the lipid metabolism and the formation of flavor/aroma origin compounds, which help to improve the quality of tea. Moreover, excess N fertilization might deteriorate the aroma quality of made tea due to increases of precursors leading to grassy odor.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death, has been widely explored as a novel target for the treatment of diseases. The failure of the antioxidant system can induce ferroptosis. ...Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) is a natural antioxidant in tea; however, whether EGCG can regulate ferroptosis in the treatment of liver oxidative damage, as well as the exact molecular mechanism, is unknown. Here, we discovered that iron overload disturbed iron homeostasis in mice, leading to oxidative stress and damage in the liver by activating ferroptosis. However, EGCG supplementation alleviated the liver oxidative damage caused by iron overload by inhibiting ferroptosis. EGCG addition increased NRF2 and GPX4 expression and elevated antioxidant capacity in iron overload mice. EGCG administration attenuates iron metabolism disorders by upregulating FTH/L expression. Through these two mechanisms, EGCG can effectively inhibit iron overload-induced ferroptosis. Taken together, these findings suggest that EGCG is a potential ferroptosis suppressor, and may be a promising therapeutic agent for iron overload-induced liver disease.
Grit, as an important positive psychological quality, has rarely been studied for its role involved in the mechanism between stress and psychological security. This article explores the moderating ...and mediating role of grit in the relationship between interpersonal stress and psychological security of freshmen through two studies. In study 1, freshmen from several Chinese universities (
= 1,224) were recruited to complete a battery of questionnaire, including assessments about interpersonal stress, grit, and psychological security. The moderating effect analysis showed that grit moderated the relationship between interpersonal stress and psychological security. Specifically, grit buffered the negative effects of interpersonal stress on freshmen's psychological security, but this effect was obvious only when the level of interpersonal stress was relatively low, and decreased when the level of interpersonal stress was high. In study 2, college freshmen from another university apart from above ones (
= 604) were recruited, and we verified the results of study 1 and further explored the mediating role of grit in the relationship between interpersonal stress and security. The moderating effect analysis of study 2 also verified that of study 1. The mediating effect analysis showed that interpersonal stress not only negatively predicted psychological security, but also affected psychological security through the mediation of grit. In general, grit played a mediating and moderating role in the relationship between interpersonal stress and psychological security. This study provides first-hand evidence to explain the multiple roles of grit in the relationship between interpersonal stress and psychological security.
Pancreatic cancer, a poor prognosis and high morbidity and mortality cancer, is a malignant tumor occurring in pancreatic exocrine glands. Currently, surgery and gemcitabine (Gem) are commonly used ...to treat pancreatic cancers. However, the high recurrence rate and resistance makes the therapeutic effects still unsatisfied. Apoptosis is comprehensively recognized as one of the major ways of the programmed cell death, refers to the autonomous and orderly death process of cells in order to maintain the stability of the body's environment after receiving a certain signal or stimulation. Currently, it has also been proven to be a promising way for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Nowadays, some active ingredients from herbal medicine have been reported to be effective for the treatment of pancreatic cancer via inducing cells apoptosis. Therefore, this article reviews the current references regarding anti pancreatic cancer effects of natural products derived from herbal medicines via triggering apoptosis, and summarizes the related potential signal pathways, including death receptors mediated apoptotic pathway, mitochondrial dependent apoptotic pathway, NF-κB mediated apoptotic pathways, MAPK mediated apoptotic pathway, ERS mediated apoptotic pathway, PI3K-Akt mediated apoptotic pathway, and other pathways such as JAK-STAT signal pathway, which can lay a certain foundation for the research and development of new natural products against pancreatic cancer.
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•Efficient hierarchical Ce–Fe bimetal oxides were synthesized for defluoridation.•Ce–Fe bimetal oxides exhibited high fluoride uptake capacity of 60.97mg/g.•Ce–Fe bimetal oxides ...showed high efficiency over a wide range of pH (2.9–10.1).•Ion exchange of fluoride with the hydroxyl could be responsible for defluoridation.
Ce–Fe bimetal oxides with hierarchical pore structure were successfully prepared by a facile approach and used as efficient adsorbent for fluoride removal. The existence of Fe(III) and Ce(IV) in the as-obtained adsorbent was determined by XRD, XPS and HRTEM. The BET surface area of the optimized adsorbent is 164.9m2/g, and the corresponding hierarchical pore size centers at 1.68, 3.41 and 9.54nm. Batch fluoride adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of various factors such as adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial solution pH and co-existing anions on the fluoride adsorption. Results show that the maximum adsorption capacity of the optimized adsorbent is as high as 60.97mg/g. Furthermore, it shows high adsorption capacity over a wide range of pH from 2.9 to 10.1. The adsorption kinetic is well described by the pseudo-second-order model and the fluoride adsorption on the adsorbent agrees well with the Langmuir model. The effects of co-existing anions on the fluoride sorption followed the decreasing order of CO32−>HCO3−>SO42−>NO3−>Cl−, which was found to be closely correlated with the charge–radius ratio values (z/r) of the anions. Fluoride adsorption on the Ce–Fe bimetal oxides could be attributed to ion exchange between fluoride and Ce-OH groups.
•A significant conflict adaptation is obtained within a novel look-to-do transition design.•ERS in the theta band in the frontal region reflects a conflict-related process at a response inhibition ...level in the ‘look’ condition.•ERS in the theta- and alpha-band in the frontal region reflects a process of conflict control in the ‘do’ condition.
Incongruency between print color and the semantic meaning of a word in a classical Stroop task activates the human conflict monitoring system and triggers a behavioral conflict. Conflict adaptation has been suggested to mediate the cortical processing of neural oscillations in such a conflict situation. However, the basic mechanisms that underlie the influence of conflict adaptation on the changes of neural oscillations are not clear. In the present study, electroencephalography (EEG) data were recorded from sixteen healthy human participants while they were performing a color-word Stroop task within a novel look-to-do transition design that included two response modalities. In the ‘look’ condition, participants were informed to look at the color of presented words but no responses were required; in the ‘do’ condition, they were informed to make arranged responses to the color of presented words. Behaviorally, a reliable conflict adaptation was observed. Time–frequency analysis revealed that (1) in the ‘look’ condition, theta-band activity in the left- and right-frontal regions reflected a conflict-related process at a response inhibition level; and (2) in the ‘do’ condition, both theta-band activity in the left-frontal region and alpha-band activity in the left-, right-, and centro-frontal regions reflected a process of conflict control, which triggered neural and behavioral adaptation. Taken together, these results suggest that there are frontal mechanisms involving neural oscillations that can mediate response inhibition processes and control behavioral conflict.
The aim of this paper was to conduct a baseline survey of HPV infection in unvaccinated women in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region before the mass use of HPV vaccine.
Between 2008 and 2018, the HPV ...genotype detected by a PCR-based hybridization gene chip assay of 37,722 women who were from Gynecology Department and Health Management Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were tested HPV genotype by a PCR-based hybridization gene chip assay. All statistical analysis methods were performed with this statistical software including Python version 3.6.1, R Software 3.5.1 and Excel 2011.
The total positive rate for HPV was 14.02%, the most prevalent genotypes were HPV 16 (3.79%), HPV 52 (2.47%), HPV 58 (1.76%), HPV 53 (1.35%) and HPV 31 (0.72%). The single infection (11.34%) and high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection (9.72%) was the main prevalence of HPV. Age-specific HPV distribution was presented as a bimodal curve, while the youngest age group (≤25 years) presented the highest HPV infection rate (20.78%), which was followed by a second peak for the 36-40 age group. According to the ethnic stratification, the HPV infection prevalence ranging from the high to low was: Mongol (16.36%), Hui (15.15%), Kazak (14.47%), Han (14.43%), Other (14.37%), Uygher (10.96%). From 2009 to 2013, the HPV infection rate fluctuated but did not changed much. It peaked in 2014 and then fell significantly, reached the bottom point in 2017 and rose slightly in 2018. In 2015, the infection rate of HPVl6 and 52 in the population was almost the same (both 3.40%) the infection rate of HPV52 type (3.31%) was higher than that of HPVl6 type (2.18%) and became the dominant type in 2016.
We present data regarding the prevalence and type distribution of HPV infection, which could serve as the valuable reference to guide nationwide cervical cancer screening. These baseline data enable the estimates of maximum HPV vaccine impact across time and provide critical reference measurements which are important to the assess of clinical benefits and potential harms in HPV vaccination and the increase in non-vaccine HPV types.
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