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•Uptake of lead(II) was dominated likely by surface complexation.•Kinetics and isotherm were clarified for lead(II) adsorption on nylon microplastics.•Lead(II) adsorption capacity ...decreased with the rise of FA concentration.
Both heavy metals and microplastic pollutants are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment. The uptake of lead(II) ions from aqueous solutions onto aged nylon microplastics was investigated as a function of pH, contact time, temperature, supporting electrolyte concentration and fulvic acid concentration in batch studies. The effect of surface properties on the adsorption behavior of lead(II) was investigated with scanning electron microscope equipped with the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (SEM-EDAX), Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC). The adsorption kinetics conformed to the pseudo-second order equation, Elovich equation and intraparticle diffusion model well. The experimental data of the adsorption process was fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms and the parameters were estimated. The lead(II) uptake on aged nylon microplastics was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The lead(II) adsorption was significantly dependent on the sodium chloride concentrations, initial solution pH and fulvic acid concentrations. Results of this study highlight the importance of surface carboxyl function group of aged nylon microplastics in controlling lead(II) adsorption.
Evidential reasoning (ER) rule has been widely used in the fields of information fusion, multiattribute decision making, and pattern recognition. In current studies of ER rule, there is a strict ...one-to-one correspondence between the framework of discernment (FoD) of evidence and the FoD of reasoning results. However, this may not be satisfied in engineering practice, making it difficult to conduct the reasoning. When the element of FoD is changed, how the reasoning result will change is also a focus that deserves attention. As such, in this article, the modeling, optimization, and robustness analysis method of ER rule under multidiscernment framework is proposed. Specifically, the ER rule with transformation matrix is proposed to unify the evidence with different FoDs into the same FoD as reasoning results. A parameter optimization model is established based on the expected utility and interpretable constraints. A robustness analysis method of the proposed ER rule is proposed in the context of perturbation to further explore its performance. Particularly, the generation and transmission rules of perturbation are described, and two robustness criteria are defined. A case study of health assessment of laser gyroscope, the mainstream navigation equipment in the aerospace field, is conducted to present the implementation of the proposed method and verify its effectiveness in engineering practice.
Detrital provenance analysis is an effective way to understand paleogeographic change and geodynamics. In this paper, we present petrological, whole-rock geochemical and detrital zircon U–Pb ...geochronological analysis of Early and Middle Jurassic terrestrial clastic rocks in the Jingdezhen Basin and the Huangshan Basin in the Jiangnan domain, South China. Petrology and whole-rock geochemistry show that the source rocks are dominated by intermediate to acid component. The Chemical Index of Alteration ranges from 69 to 86, suggesting a moderate weathering history for the source rocks. The Early–Middle Jurassic sediments in the Jingdezhen and Huangshan basins were mostly sourced from magmatogenic greywackes and felsic magmatic rocks, respectively. Detrital zircons have seven age peaks at ~240Ma, ~430Ma, ~1390Ma, ~1880Ma, ~2500Ma, –3200Ma and 788–999Ma (a wide peak). Provenance analysis indicates that the source rocks are in the Jiangnan domain, the Northwest Zhejiang Basin and the Wuyishan domain. Combining these with previous results and paleocurrent directions, we infer that the NE-trending Wuyishan and Xuefengshan domains and the nearly E–W-Jiangnan domain and Nanling tectonic belt were orogenic uplifts and watersheds during the Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic. The Early Mesozoic geodynamics in the South China Block was related to the westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate and the northward continent–continent collision following the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean.
•Detrital provenance analysis is conducted for J1–J2 Huangshan and Jingdezhen basins.•Source rocks are in Northwest Zhejiang Basin, Jiangnan and and Wuyishan domains.•NE- and E- orogenic uplifts occurred during Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic.•T3–J2 geodynamics in SCB was Paleo-Pacific subduction and Paleo-Tethys closure.
Microplastics (MPs) are becoming a major concern due to their great potential to sorb and transport pollutants in the aquatic environment; hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a common chemical additive ...in polystyrene (PS) MPs. However, the underlying mechanisms for the interaction of tetracycline (TC) onto HBCD-PS composites MPs (HBCD-PS MPs) are still not well documented. Our findings showed that the addition of HBCD resulted in a relatively higher hydrophobicity of PS MPs, and significantly enhanced the sorption ability of HBCD-PS MPs for TC. The kinetic models suggested that the sorption of TC onto PS and HBCD-PS MPs were mainly controlled by film diffusion and intra-particle diffusion, respectively. The statistical physics models were used to elucidate the sorption of TC onto PS and HBCD-PS MPs was associated with the formation of the monolayer, and the results indicated the TC was sorbed onto the two MPs by both multi-molecular and non-parallel processes. The TC sorption was solution pH-dependent while the effect of NaCl content on TC sorption was negligible. The presence of Cu(Ⅱ), Pb(Ⅱ), Cd(Ⅱ), and Zn(Ⅱ) ions had different influences on the TC sorption onto both the MPs. Overall, various mechanisms including π-π and hydrophobic interactions jointly regulated the sorption of TC onto both the MPs. Our results provided new insights into the sorption behavior and interaction mechanisms of TC onto both the MPs and highlighted that the addition of HBCD likely increased the enrichment capacity of MPs for pollutants in the environment.
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•Tetracycline (TC) sorption was mainly dominated by π-π and hydrophobic interactions.•TC exhibited a relatively higher affinity to be sorbed onto HBCD-PS than PS MPs.•TC sorption onto both the MPs involved multi-molecular and non-parallel processes.•The addition of HBCD altered the effect of heavy metal ions on TC sorption onto MPs.
Polarization modulation and multichannel beam generation are crucial in multichannel communication and high-resolution imaging at THz frequency. In this work, we present a polarization-reprogrammable ...coding metasurface composed of VO
2
/Au composite concentric rings (CCRs). Owing to the phase-change property of VO
2
, the CCR is designed as a digital coding element for the polarization conversion. When VO
2
remains insulator state at room temperature, the
y
-polarized incident wave is transformed into
x
-polarized wave, which can be regarded as digital state 0. When VO
2
converts into metal state at critical temperature (68 °C), the polarization of reflected wave stays unchanged, corresponding to digital state 1. Any desired linear polarization state of reflected beam is achieved by taking advantage of different coding sequences in a programmable manner. Furthermore, by combining phase gradient with polarization coding states, we propose an anisotropic programmable metasurface to control the multi-channel reflected beams dynamically. By arranging distinct coding sequences, we show that the EM reflected beams can be manipulated flexibly. The proposed programmable metasurface paves new ways towards THz polarization manipulation, signal detection and information communication.
In current studies of safety assessment for complex systems with the evidential reasoning (ER) rule, the evidence reliability is generally given by experts, which makes the observation data by ...sensors ignored. However, sensors are inevitably affected by such various uncertainties as perturbations in engineering practice, which can reduce their quality and tracking ability. As such, the observation data may become unreliable, and the modeling accuracy of the ER rule is decreased. In this article, a new ER rule-based safety assessment method with sensor reliability for complex systems is proposed, where sensor reliability and perturbation are considered. The coefficient of the variation-based weighting (CVBW) method is employed to obtain sensor weight. The sensor reliability is calculated by static reliability and dynamic reliability, which are determined by experts and the distance-based method, respectively. The perturbation is quantified as a bounded parameter defined as the perturbation factor, which is used to describe uncertainties and aggregate static reliability and dynamic reliability. The performance analysis of safety assessment is conducted to demonstrate the rationality of perturbation and position poor sensors, followed by a safety assessment algorithm. A case study is carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Dendrite growth of alkali metal anodes limited their lifetime for charge/discharge cycling. Here, we report near-perfect anodes of lithium, sodium, and potassium metals achieved by electrochemical ...polishing, which removes microscopic defects and creates ultra-smooth ultra-thin solid-electrolyte interphase layers at metal surfaces for providing a homogeneous environment. Precise characterizations by AFM force probing with corroborative in-depth XPS profile analysis reveal that the ultra-smooth ultra-thin solid-electrolyte interphase can be designed to have alternating inorganic-rich and organic-rich/mixed multi-layered structure, which offers mechanical property of coupled rigidity and elasticity. The polished metal anodes exhibit significantly enhanced cycling stability, specifically the lithium anodes can cycle for over 200 times at a real current density of 2 mA cm
with 100% depth of discharge. Our work illustrates that an ultra-smooth ultra-thin solid-electrolyte interphase may be robust enough to suppress dendrite growth and thus serve as an initial layer for further improved protection of alkali metal anodes.
Introduction
Migraine, a prevalent headache disorder with unclear mechanisms and limited treatments, may be influenced by dyslipidemia and genetic factors. Statins and emerging lipid-modifying agents ...show potential but lack evidence for migraine management. Mendelian Randomization analysis offers insights into causal relationships and therapeutic targets. This study aims to explore genetically predicted lipid traits, drug targets, and their association with migraine risk.
Method
We conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses utilizing genetic variants associated with lipid traits and variants in genes encoding the protein targets of various classes of lipid-lowering drugs. The specific drug classes investigated included HMGCR, PCSK9, NPC1L1, ABCG5/ABCG8, LDLR, LPL, ANGPTL3, APOB, CETP, and APOC3. To determine the effects on migraine risk, we meta-analyzed MR estimates for regional variants using data from two large sample sets. The genetic variants were weighted based on their associations with specific lipid traits, such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Apolipoprotein A1, and Apolipoprotein B. To obtain association weights, we utilized data from lipid genetics consortia. For lipid-modifying drug targets that exhibited suggestive significance, we further employed expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data. Additionally, we performed colocalization analysis to assess genetic confounding.
Result
The use of genetic proxies for HMGCR inhibition demonstrated a significant association with a decreased risk of migraine in the FinnGen dataset (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.46–0.88,
p
= 0.0006) and a nearly significant association in the Choquet dataset (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.60–1.01,
p
= 0.06). When pooling the estimates, the overall effect size showed a reduced risk of migraine (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.60–0.89,
p
= 0.0016). Similarly, genetic mimicry of LPL enhancement was associated with a lower risk of migraine in the FinnGen dataset (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.69–0.96,
p
= 0.01) and the Choquet dataset (OR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83–0.99,
p
= 0.03). Pooling the estimates showed a consistent effect size (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83–0.96,
p
= 0.002). Sensitivity analyses yielded no statistically significant evidence of bias arising from pleiotropy or genetic confounding.
Conclusion
In the study, it was observed that among the 10 lipid-lowering drug targets investigated, LPL and HMGCR showed significant associations with migraine risk. These findings indicate that LPL and HMGCR have the potential to serve as candidate drug targets for the treatment or prevention of migraines.
Guided by conodont biostratigraphy and unconformities observed in the field, stable carbon isotopic analysis (δ13Ccarb) was performed on 210 samples from Lower–Middle Ordovician (Tremadocian to ...Darriwilian) sections and wells in the Tarim Basin, NW China. The δ13C trend in the Tarim Basin sections has three distinct characteristics: (1) from the Tremadocian to the Floian, a positive shift from −1.9 ‰ to −0.2 ‰ is observed near the boundary between the Penglaiba Formation and the Yingshan Formation; (2) from the Floian to the Dapingian, a positive shift in δ13C from −3 ‰ to −0.7 ‰ occurred under large-scale sea-level rise and a change in the sedimentary environment from a restricted platform to an open platform. Changes in the conodont type are also observed in the Tabei region; and (3) from the Dapingian to the Darriwilian, δ13C first decreased and then increased, showing a negative shift at the Dapingian–Darriwilian boundary. During the Floian, δ13C decreased in the study area, while it first decreased and then increased in other regions, which may reflect local sea-level movements in response to isostatic crustal movements. Two types of positive shift were identified at the Floian–Dapingian boundary, which likely show the effects of local factors, including a disconformity, dolomitization, and platform restriction, superimposed on the global signal of the carbon isotope. Some conodont zonations and recurrent negative excursions in Tremadocian, Floian and Dapingian stages appear to be truncated by unconformities, which are accompanied by short-term subaerial exposure due to sea-level fall and local tectonic uplift.
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