•As(III) can be effectively removed by ball milled, sulfidated ZVI (S-mZVIbm).•As(III) was removed primarily through As4S4 formation under anoxic conditions.•As(III) was removed through adsorption ...onto corrosion product under oxic conditions.•S-mZVIbm/sand column rapidly reduces As(III) in a groundwater from 300 to 10 µg/L.•S-mZVIbm in sand column treats >750 BV groundwater with a capacity of 12.2 mg/g.
The interaction of As(III) with micron-sized, mechanochemically sulfidated zero-valent iron (S-mZVIbm) has been studied under both anoxic and oxic conditions. The As(III) removal capacity varied with the increase of S/Fe molar ratio under anoxic conditions, while it continuously decreased under oxic conditions. A series of sequential extractions, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy analyses were used to investigate As(III) removal mechanisms. In the absence of oxygen, As(III) was removed from solution primarily through the formation of As4S4 with less than half of the removal resulting from the adsorption of As(III)/As(V) and FeAsS precipitation. Under oxic conditions, adsorption onto iron (oxyhydr)oxides was the dominant mechanism of As(III) removal. Increasing sulfidation decreased particle Fe(0) content, which resulted in less production of iron (oxyhydr)oxides and therefore lower As(III) removal capacities. Column experiments showed that less than 2 wt% of S-mZVIbm in sand was able to rapidly reduce the As(III) concentration in a real groundwater from 300 to 10 µg/L, the Chinese drinking water standard, for up to 750 BV with an EBCT of 2.54 min. This study demonstrates that S-mZVIbm is an efficient and cost-effective material in treating As-contaminated water to ensure water safety.
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Multistage silicate self-organization into light-weight, high-strength, hierarchically patterned diatom frustules carries hints for innovative silica-based nanomaterials. With sodium ...silicate in a biomimetic sol-gel system templated by a tri-surfactant system of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, sodium dodecylsulfate, and poly(oxyethylene-b-oxypropylene-b-oxyethylene) (P123), mesoporous silica nanochannel plates with perpendicular channel orientation are synthesized. The formation process, analogous to that of diatom frustules, is postulated to be directed by an oriented self-assembly of the block copolymer micelles shelled with charged catanionic surfactants upon silication.
The postulated formation process for the oriented silica nanochannel plates was investigated using time-resolved small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering (SAXS/SANS) and freeze fracture replication transmission electron microscopy (FFR-TEM).
With fine-tuned molar ratios of the anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants, the catanionic combination and the nonionic copolymer form charged, prolate ternary micelles in aqueous solutions, which further develop into prototype monolayered micellar plates. The prolate shape and maximized surfactant adsorption of the complex micelles, revealed from combined SAXS/SANS analysis, are of critical importance in the subsequent micellar self-assembly upon silicate deposition. Time-resolved SAXS and FFR-TEM indicate that the silicate complex micelles coalesce laterally into the prototype micellar nanoplates, which further fuse with one another into large sheets of monolayered silicate micelles of in-plane lamellar packing. Upon silica polymerization, the in-plane lamellar packing of the micelles further transforms to 2D hexagonal packing of vertically oriented silicate channels. The unveiled structural features and their evolution not only elucidate the previously unresolved self-assembly process of through-thickness silica nanochannels but also open a new line of research mimicking free-standing frustules of diatoms.
Low-frequency microwave absorption remains a key issue to plague the attenuation of electromagnetic energy in conventional absorber. In this work, lightweight and flexible composite textiles were ...fabricated by in situ synthesis method. The microstructure and electromagnetic properties of the composite textiles were studied. The carbonyl iron/reduced graphene oxide/non-woven fabric (NW-RGO-CI) composite textiles possess excellent microwave absorption performance at low frequency range (2.91–5.1 GHz), and the qualified bandwidth of the composites reaches 9.2 GHz, which originates from synergistic effect of electricity and magnetism. The as-fabricated flexible and lightweight composite textiles could serve as potential materials in wearable electromagnetic absorption coatings and devices.
To investigate the
activity of antibiotic combinations against
isolates and their associated biofilms.
Thirty-two
clinical isolates with at least twenty-five different pulsotypes were tested. The ...antibacterial activity of various antibiotic combinations against seven randomly selected planktonic and biofilm-embedded
strains with strong biofilm formation was assessed using broth methods. Extraction of bacterial genomic DNA and PCR detection of antibiotic resistance and biofilm-related genes were also performed.
The susceptibility rates of levofloxacin (LVX), fosfomycin (FOS), tigecycline (TGC) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT) against 32
isolates were 56.3, 71.9, 71.9 and 90.6%, respectively. Twenty-eight isolates were detected with strong biofilm formation. Antibiotic combinations, including aztreonam-clavulanic (ATM-CLA) with LVX, ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) with LVX and SXT with TGC, exhibited potent inhibitory activity against these isolates with strong biofilm formation. The antibiotic resistance phenotype might not be fully caused by the common antibiotic-resistance or biofilm-formation gene.
remained resistant to most antibiotics, including LVX and β-lactam/β-lactamases; however, TGC, FOS and SXT still exhibited potent activity. Although all tested
isolates exhibited moderate-to-strong biofilm formation, combination therapies, especially ATM-CLA with LVX, CZA with LVX and SXT with TGC, exhibited a higher inhibitory activity for these isolates.
The c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases (JNKs) are located downstream of Ras‐mitogen activated protein kinase signaling cascades. More than 20 years of study has shown that JNKs control cell fate and many ...cellular functions. JNKs and their interacting proteins form a complicated network with diverse biological functions and physiological effects. Members of the JNK interactome include Jun, amyloid precursor protein, and insulin receptor substrate. Recent studies have shown that the JNK interactome is involved in tumorigenesis, neuron development, and insulin resistance. In this review, we summarize the features of the JNK interactome and classify its members into three groups: upstream regulators, downstream effectors, and scaffold partners. We also highlight the unique cellular signaling mechanisms of JNKs and provide more insights into the roles of the JNK interactome in human diseases.
To explore the safety and efficacy of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in the treatment of patients with type B aortic dissection, and to evaluate the risk factors for long-term mortality. ...Our study retrospectively evaluated 729 patients with type B aortic dissection, who were divided into the thoracic endovascular aortic repair group and the optimal medical treatment group according to their treatment. In-hospital mortality, death within 30 days, and aortic-related mortality were lower in the thoracic endovascular aortic repair group than in the optimal medical treatment group (p < 0.05). The cumulative overall survival rates for the thoracic endovascular aortic repair group at 1 year, 5 years, and 10 years were 92.5%, 84.1%, and 73.5%, respectively. The Cox analysis found that TEVAR was beneficial in reducing mortality and that a vertical length of the dissection exceeding 150 mm was a risk factor for mortality.
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•Mortality was lower in the TEVAR group than in the OMT group•A dissection length of over 150 mm was a risk factor for TBAD patient mortality
Surgery; Cardiovascular medicine; Public health
To investigate the factors influencing distal false lumen enlargement after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for type B aortic dissection.
Data were collected on patients with type B ...aortic dissection who underwent TEVAR from January 2008 to August 2022. Patients were divided into a distal aortic segmental enlargement (DSAE) group and a non-DSAE group based on whether the distal false lumen was dilated more than 5 mm on computed tomographic angiography (CTA) images. To analyze the independent influences on distal false lumen dilatation after TEVAR, the variables with a P value < 0.05 during univariate analysis were included in the binary logistic regression analysis model.
A total of 335 patients were included in this study, with 85 in the DSAE group and 250 in the non-DSAE group. The mean age was 52.40 ± 11.34 years, 289 (86.27%) were male patients, and the median follow-up time was 6.41 (11.99–29.99) months. There were significant differences in Marfan syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and follow-up time between the two groups. In terms of morphology, there were statistically significant differences in the number of tears, the size of the primary tear, and the length of dissection between the two groups. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that Marfan syndrome, COPD, and the primary tear size were associated with distal false lumen dilatation.
Marfan syndrome, COPD, and the primary tear size influence distal aortic segmental enlargement after TEVAR in type B aortic dissection patients.
ObjectivesGout, as the most prevalent form of inflammatory arthritis, necessitates the use of animal models to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in its development. Therefore, our ...objective was to develop a novel chronic mouse model of gout that more closely mimics the progression of gout in humans.MethodsA novel chronic mouse model of gout was established by a simple method, which does not require high technical proficiency, predominantly involves daily intraperitoneal injections of potassium oxonate for approximately 4 months, combined with a high fat-diet and injections of acetic acid into the hind paws to facilitate the formation of monosodium urate (MSU). Arthritis scores and paw oedema were assessed, behavioural tests were conducted, and histopathological and imaging evaluations of the arthritic paw joints were performed.ResultsAfter 4 months of induction, mice in the model group exhibited noticeable increases in arthritis severity, joint and cartilage damage, as well as bone erosion. Gomori’s methenamine silver stain revealed the presence of MSU crystal deposition or tophi in the paw joints or ankle joints of up to 37.9% of the model mice (11 out of 29 mice). Moreover, treatment with benzbromarone effectively prevented the further development of gout or tophi formation in model mice.ConclusionsOur model more accurately replicates the pathological features of gouty arthritis compared with gout induced by MSU crystal injections. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for further investigations into the pathogenesis of gout and also serves as a valuable platform for screening potential antigout agents.
Ultra-thin electromagnetic absorption materials promise great application potential in stealth technology and integrated microwave device. However, the large thickness of the current low-density ...carbon-based composites is still a critical issue to hinder their practical application. Herein, the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were oxidized by using mixed acid and strong oxidant, and the lightweight resin-based CNTs coatings were fabricated via a facile method. The composite coatings after modification demonstrate an excellent microwave absorption performance at low thickness. With the low filler loading of 2.3 wt%, the maximum absorption is as strong as 20.4 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth (reflection loss ≤ − 10 dB) reaches 4.51 GHz covering 45.1% of the entire measured bandwidth at only 1.2 mm thickness. Compared with the CNTs coatings before modification, the CNTs coatings after modification possess broader effective absorption bandwidth, and the optimal filler loading of the absorbent shifts to a lower concentration. This work provides a feasible approach for the preparation of composite coatings with high-performance absorption.
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