Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative condition diagnosed in North America. We recently demonstrated, using multiple epidemiological data sources, that the ...prevalence of PD diagnoses was greater than previously reported and currently used for clinical, research, and policy decision-making. Prior PD incidence estimates have varied, for unclear reasons. There is a need for improved estimates of PD incidence, not only for care delivery planning and future policy but also for increasing our understanding of disease risk. The objective of this study was thus to investigate the incidence of Parkinson disease across five epidemiological cohorts in North America in a common year, 2012. The cohorts contained data on 6.7 million person-years of adults ages 45 and older, and 9.3 million person-years of adults ages 65 and older. Our estimates of age-sex-adjusted incidence of PD ranged from 108 to 212 per 100,000 among persons ages 65 and older, and from 47 to 77 per 100,00 among persons ages 45 and older. PD incidence increased with age and was higher among males. We also found persistent spatial clustering of incident PD diagnoses in the U.S. PD incidence estimates varied across our data sources, in part due to case ascertainment and diagnosis methods, but also possibly due to the influence of population factors (prevalence of genetic risk factors or protective markers) and geographic location (exposure to environmental toxins). Understanding the source of these variations will be important for health care policy, research, and care planning.
The purpose of this conceptual article is to bring critical theoretical frameworks and discourses used in educational research on leadership, pedagogy, and policy into conversation with literature on ...hauntology. Furthermore, this work aims to pursue avenues for theorizing and developing notions of hauntological pedagogies by evoking the language and imagery of ghosts to confront the political, social, and spiritual problems in U.S. schooling contexts that stem from whiteness. This article is grounded in the critical discourses of antiracism, BlackCrit, critical pedagogy, critical race theory, critical whiteness studies, decolonial studies, and TribalCrit. By juxtaposing historical and contemporary case studies in U.S. schooling, this study demonstrates that whiteness, apart from constituting a socially constructed set of power relations, takes on religious or spiritual qualities. Critical educational researchers and practitioners will benefit from engaging with this work as it can help them conceive of and strive for more epistemologically, racially, and spiritually just schooling environments.
By reintroducing the physical trespass test to the Fourth Amendment search inquiry, United States v. Jones (2012) and Florida v. Jardines (2013) supplemented the Katz privacy test with a ...property-based trespassory inquiry. Jones asks courts to consider whether police have physically trespassed on a personal effect with an investigatory purpose, and Jardines asks courts to consider whether police have engaged in an unlicensed physical intrusion into a constitutionally protected area, such as the curtilage of a home. This Note addresses one area of doctrinal uncertainty in the wake of Jones and Jardines: garbage pulls, a practice the Supreme Court found in California v. Greenwood (1988) did not constitute a Fourth Amendment search where garbage awaits collection on the curb.
This Note assesses the status of garbage pulls under the physical trespass test. First, it argues that under Jones, household garbage could qualify as an effect because of its status as personal property and its close connection to domestic intimacy. Second, it presents arguments that under Jardines, police likely exceed the boundaries of the implied license by entering the curtilage of a home to seize or investigate garbage. Here, the Note highlights a series of federal and state appellate court decisions that have historically dismissed the importance of the curtilage in cases involving garbage pulls. Ultimately, this Note demonstrates how the physical trespass test as articulated in Jones and Jardines could significantly restrict the permissible scope of garbage pulls.
Bulk property measurement, simulated distillation, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and ultra-high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) are ...utilized for direct description and comparison of the chemical composition of raw and hydrotreated biocrude samples from pine, microalgae (Chlorella sp.), and sewage sludge. With hydrotreatment, the nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur content as well as viscosity, density, and moisture content of all biocrudes decreased to yield a more desirable product. For upgraded biocrudes, simulated distillation and GC-MS data reveal that the microalgae and sewage sludge products comprise a high proportion of n-alkanes, which distill between 260 and 350 °C, whereas the pine hydrotreated biocrude product has a lower concentration of n-alkanes and is more compositionally diverse with an abundance of saturated cyclic compounds. FT-ICR MS analysis of the raw biocrudes showed predominantly O x species, whereas raw microalgae and sewage sludge biocrudes comprise primarily N x O y species. After hydrotreatment, FT-ICR mass spectra of all three biocrudes revealed a significant reduction in mass spectral complexity (observed as the loss of O x , N x , and N x O y species) and the formation of hydrocarbon compounds, as expected. The hydrodeoxygenation and hydrodenitrogenation reactions of hydrotreatment convert higher (>2) heteroatom-containing species to a variety of hydrocarbon and lower heteroatom-containing species.
The consequences of human adenovirus (HAdV) infections are generally mild. However, despite the perception that HAdVs are harmless, infections can cause severe disease in certain individuals, ...including newborns, the immunocompromised, and those with pre-existing conditions, including respiratory or cardiac disease. In addition, HAdV outbreaks remain relatively common events and the recent emergence of more pathogenic genomic variants of various genotypes has been well documented. Coupled with evidence of zoonotic transmission, interspecies recombination, and the lack of approved AdV antivirals or widely available vaccines, HAdVs remain a threat to public health. At the same time, the detailed understanding of AdV biology garnered over nearly 7 decades of study has made this group of viruses a molecular workhorse for vaccine and gene therapy applications.
Genomic variants and recombinant viruses such as human adenovirus (HAdV)-B14p1 and HAdV-B55 have caused global outbreaks and severe disease in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals.While cidofovir is commonly used to treat HAdV infections, there are no clinically approved treatments. There is potential to develop alternative therapeutics, such as HAdV-specific CD8+ T cells.Detailed studies of the immune response to HAdV infections, such as antibody neutralization and the interactions between natural killer cell receptor KIR3DS1 and HLA-F on infected cells, revealed potential therapeutic targets and applications.HAdV vectors are widely popular for vaccines and gene therapy. This prompted an interest in understudied HAdVs, such as HAdV-B11, -D26, and -B35, and has evolved our understanding of entry and immune system responses for these viruses.
Previous studies based on limited exposure assessment have suggested that Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with pesticide exposure. The authors used data obtained from licensed private ...pesticide applicators and spouses participating in the Agricultural Health Study to evaluate the relation of self-reported PD to pesticide exposure. Cohort members, who were enrolled in 1993–1997, provided detailed information on lifetime pesticide use. At follow-up in 1999–2003, 68% of the cohort was interviewed. Cases were defined as participants who reported physician-diagnosed PD at enrollment (prevalent cases, n = 83) or follow-up (incident cases, n = 78). Cases were compared with cohort members who did not report PD (n = 79,557 at enrollment and n = 55,931 at follow-up). Incident PD was associated with cumulative days of pesticide use at enrollment (for highest quartile vs. lowest, odds ratio (OR) = 2.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 4.5; p-trend = 0.009), with personally applying pesticides more than half the time (OR = 1.9, 95% confidence interval: 0.7, 4.7), and with some specific pesticides (ORs ≥ 1.4). Prevalent PD was not associated with overall pesticide use. This study suggests that exposure to certain pesticides may increase PD risk. Findings for specific chemicals may provide fruitful leads for further investigation.
We report a case of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha subunit deficiency associated with a novel hemizygous PDHA1 variant presenting prenatally as multiple structural brain abnormalities in a male ...fetus. A healthy Finnish couple was initially referred to the Fetomaternal Medical Center because of suspected fetal choroid plexus cyst at 11 + 2 weeks of pregnancy. At 20 + 0 weeks, multiple abnormalities were observed with ultrasound including narrow thorax, slightly enlarged heart, hypoplastic cerebellum, absent cerebellar vermis and ventriculomegaly. Autopsy and genetic analyses were performed after the termination of pregnancy. The findings of macroscopic examination included cleft palate, abnormally overlapping position of fingers and toes and dysmorphic facial features. Neuropathological examination confirmed the absence of corpus callosum, cerebellar hypoplasia and ventriculomegaly. Nodular neuronal heterotopia was also observed. Trio exome sequencing revealed a novel hemizygous de novo variant c.1144C>T p.(Gln382*) in the PDHA1 gene, classified as likely pathogenic. We suggest that inherited metabolic disorders should be kept in mind as differential diagnoses in fetuses with structural brain abnormalities.
Key points
What's already known about this topic?
Only a few case reports about prenatal US findings in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) deficiency have been published.
What does this study add?
We report a rare case of PDHc deficiency presenting prenatally as multiple structural brain abnormalities.
An AI toolkit to support teacher reflection Phillips, Tanner M.; Saleh, Asmalina; Ozogul, Gamze
International journal of artificial intelligence in education,
09/2023, Letnik:
33, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Encouraging teachers to reflect on their instructional practices and course design has been shown to be an effective means of improving instruction and student learning. However, the process of ...encouraging reflection is difficult; reflection requires quality data, thoughtful analysis, and contextualized interpretation. Because of this, research on and the practice of reflection is often limited to pre-service training or short professional development cycles. This study explores how natural language processing, deep-learning methods can be used to support continuous teacher reflection by facilitating data collection and analysis in any instructional setting that includes ample linguistic and assessment material. Data was collected from an existing introductory undergraduate biology course. A Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory network was trained to predict assessment item difficulty and tasked with assigning difficulty to recorded lectures. Comparison with the instructor’s perceptions of lecture material difficulty suggested the model was highly reliable at predicting difficult lecture material. We discuss how this model could be expanded into an AI toolkit meant to aid in teacher reflection on their practices and curriculum.
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