Lecture videos are an integral part of distance education. Much has been done to investigate the effects of lecture video styles, but many of the studies have methodological issues and confounding ...variables. The current study focused on the amount of motion in two types of lecture videos (hand-drawn and narration-over-PowerPoint) and investigated motion’s effect on learners’ perceived engagement and learning outcome. Participants watched lecture videos with varying amount of within-video motion, rated the engagement levels of the videos, and completed recall and knowledge transfer tasks. The study was conducted in a laboratory setting that simulated an online learning environment. Our findings indicate that a hand-drawn type of lecture video was rated as most engaging and supported recall performance of individuals with low prior knowledge of content materials. Knowledge transfer performance was affected by learners’ prior knowledge but not by the amount of motion in lecture videos. Pedagogical implications are described in the discussion section.
•An effective IDS is proposed for the IoT network of resource-constrained device.•This machine-learning based IDS exploits possible fog-edge collaborative analytics.•An anomaly-oriented detection is ...applied to detect unknown attacks.•A number of less powerful units running in parallel in this IDS architectures.•The experimental results significantly revile the effectiveness of the proposal.
Given a scale expansion of Internet of Things for sustainable resource management in smart cities, proper design of an intrusion detection system (IDS) is critical to safeguard the future network infrastructure from intruders. With the growth of connected things, the most-widely used centralized (cloud-based) IDS often suffers from high latency and network overhead, thereby resulting in unresponsiveness to attacks and slow detection of malicious users. In this paper, we address the limitation of centralized IDS for resource-constrained devices by proposing two methods, namely semi-distributed and distributed, that combine well-performing feature extraction and selection and exploit potential fog-edge coordinated analytics. In order to distribute the computational tasks, we individually develop parallel machine-learning models corresponding to a partitioned attack dataset. In the semi-distributed case, the parallel models, running on the edge side, are applied for side-by-side feature selections, which are then followed by a single multi-layer perceptron classification running on the fog side. In the distributed case, the parallel models individually perform both the feature selection and multi-layer perceptron classification after which the outputs are combined by a coordinating edge or fog for final decision making. Based on the comparative study of existing works, the numerical results demonstrate the promise of the proposed methods, giving a comparable detection accuracy to the superior centralized IDS as well as exemplify their inherent trade-offs between the accuracy and building time performance.
•Multiple misconceptions are identified in the cited paper by Cui et al.•The misconceptions led to erroneous results in their technoeconomic analysis.•Lead in end-of-life silicon panels creates a ...potential environmental hazard.•Recovery of solar-grade silicon presents challenges in cost and quality control.
Giant aneurysms of the intracranial vertebral artery and posterior inferior cerebellar artery are challenging to treat as they often necessitate direct sacrifice of the diseased segment, which is ...thought to carry high morbidity due to brainstem and cerebellar stroke. Here, we report images of twin giant aneurysms of the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery at the brainstem and cerebellopontine angle region in a young child.
Polymeric micellar paclitaxel (pm-Pac) is a novel Cremophor EL-free, nanoparticle micellar formulation of paclitaxel. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety between pm-Pac plus cisplatin and ...solvent-based paclitaxel (sb-Pac) plus cisplatin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
A total of 448 stage IIIB to IV NSCLC patients were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive six 3-week cycles of either pm-Pac (230 mg/m2) plus cisplatin (70 mg/m2; n = 300), followed by dose escalation of pm-Pac to 300 mg/m2 from the second 3-week cycle if prespecified toxic effects were not observed after the first cycle, or sb-Pac (175 mg/m2) plus cisplatin (70 mg/m2; n = 148). The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) assessed by independent review committees (IRCs). The secondary end points included IRC-assessed progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety.
Patients in the pm-Pac-plus-cisplatin group showed significant improvements in IRC-assessed ORR compared with those in the sb-Pac-plus-cisplatin group (50% versus 26%; rate ratio 1.91; P < 0.0001). Additionally, subgroup analysis showed that a higher ORR was consistently observed in both squamous and nonsquamous histological types. IRC-assessed median PFS was significantly higher in the pm-Pac-plus-cisplatin group than in the sb-Pac-plus-cisplatin group (6.4-month versus 5.3-month; hazard ratio 0.63; P = 0.0001). Median OS was not significantly different between the two groups. The incidence of treatment-related serious adverse events (9% versus 18%; P = 0.0090) was significantly lower in the pm-Pac-plus-cisplatin group than in the sb-Pac-plus-cisplatin group.
Pm-Pac plus cisplatin yielded superior ORR and PFS along with a favorable safety profile and should become an option for patients with advanced NSCLC.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02667743; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02667743.
•Polymeric micellar paclitaxel is a significant breakthrough in the history of chemotherapy.•Polymeric micellar paclitaxel yielded a superior objective response rate compared with solvent-based paclitaxel.•Polymeric micellar paclitaxel yielded a superior progression-free survival compared with solvent-based paclitaxel.•Polymeric micellar paclitaxel yielded a lower incidence of treatment-related serious adverse events compared with solvent-based paclitaxel.•Polymeric micellar paclitaxel should be preferred over solvent-based paclitaxel in the first-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
Refractive error is a common ophthalmic disease in children. It refers to the mismatch between the axial length and the refractive power that results in visual blur, which is usually driven by the ...interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The impacts of pregnancy and puerperium-related factors on refractive error in children have gradually gained attention. According to the different stages of pregnancy, this review summarizes the impacts of four aspects on refractive error in children, including lifestyle during pregnancy, complications and comorbidities during pregnancy, adverse pregnancy outcomes and other factors, which aims to provide perinatal healthcare clues for the prevention and control of refractive error in children, achieve prevention beforehand and reduce the public health burden of refractive error in children.
Linked content
This article is linked to Mak et al and Mak and Yuen papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14376 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14684.
The Asian summer monsoon provides an important pathway of tropospheric source gases and pollution into the lower stratosphere. This transport is characterized by deep convection and steady upwelling, ...combined with confinement inside a large-scale anticyclonic circulation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). In this paper, we show that a barrier to horizontal transport along the 380 K isentrope in the monsoon anticyclone can be determined from a local maximum in the gradient of potential vorticity (PV), following methods developed for the polar vortex (e.g., Nash et al., 1996). The monsoon anticyclone is dynamically highly variable and the maximum in the PV gradient is weak, such that additional constraints are needed (e.g., time averaging). Nevertheless, PV contours in the monsoon anticyclone agree well with contours of trace gas mixing ratios (CO, O3) and mean age from model simulations with a Lagrangian chemistry transport model (CLaMS) and satellite observations from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument. Hence, the PV-based transport barrier reflects the separation between air inside the core of the anticyclone and the background atmosphere well. For the summer season 2011 we find an average PV value of 3.6 PVU for the transport barrier in the anticyclone on the 380 K isentrope.
Textual devices such as headings convey both content information and functional information. One type of headings is referred to as functional headings, since they provide functional information but ...not content information. Headings such as “Introduction” denote the function of a text section but not the content information of that section. The current study included three experiments that investigated the processing of functional information during reading. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of functional information in a timed reading situation. Experiments 2 and 3 looked at the effects of functional information when there was a contradiction in the text. Our results indicated that functional information promoted selective attention during timed reading (Experiment 1). Findings from our contradiction manipulation (Experiments 2 and 3) revealed that readers used functional headings to guide their structural reading process. Implications for cognitive processes during reading and pedagogical practices are described in the general discussion section.
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