The current study intended to determine, for the first time, phenolic and fatty acid profile, antioxidant and certain nutritional properties of monofloral bee-collected artichoke (Cynara scolymus) ...pollen. Based on UHPLC-DAD MS-MS analysis the main phenolics in extractable fraction were different flavonol glycosides (in particular Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, 49.2 mg/kg of dry weight) while ferulic acid was the predominant phenolic compound (39.4 mg/kg of dry weight) in the alkaline hydrolyzable fraction. Among fatty acids (FAs), results of GC-FID analysis revealed prevalence of unsaturated FAs with cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and oleic acid as the main ones- 28.4% and 24.9%, respectively. Based on the FA composition, nutritional analysis proved that artichoke bee-collected pollen had balanced ω-6 and ω-3 FAs content. To determine the antioxidant properties of pollen, five different assays were applied. It was proved that bioactive compounds in artichoke pollen possessed significant ability to quench DPPH radical as well as ABTS radical cation. In addition, in vitro phosphomolybdenum assay confirmed that artichoke pollen is an excellent source of different antioxidants. Pollen extracts exhibited moderate ferric reducing power as well as low ferrous chelating ability. Some further antioxidant studies (preferably in vivo) should be performed to confirm the observed results.
In recent years, the botanical and geographical origin of food has become an important topic in the context of food quality and safety, as well as consumer protection, in accordance with ...international standards. Finding chemical markers, especially phytochemicals, characteristic for some kind of food is the subject of interest of a significant number of researchers in the world. This paper is focused on the use of polyphenols as potential markers for the determination of botanical origin of honey. It includes a review of the polyphenols present in various honey samples and the methods for their separation and identification. Special emphasis in this paper is placed on the identification of honey polyphenols using advanced LC-MS techniques in order to find specific markers of botanical origin of honey. In this regard, this study gives an overview of the literature that describes the use of LC-MS techniques for the isolation and determination of honey polyphenols. This review focuses on the research performed in the past two decades.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Physicochemical composition and techno-functional properties of bee pollens collected in Serbia were assessed. Analysed bee pollen contained 14.81–27.25% proteins, 1.31–6.78% lipids, 64.42–81.84% ...carbohydrates and 1.18–3.21% ash, with mean energy value of 375 kcal. Bee pollen showed low protein solubility (2.79–25.90 g/100 g), high carbohydrate solubility (31.2–75 g/100 g), good emulsifying properties (emulsion stability index ranged from 19.6 to 49.3 min and emulsion activity index ranged from 10.40 to 24.52 m2/g), non-foaming properties, poor water absorption capacity (0.92–2.25 g/g) and excellent oil absorption capacity (1–3.53 g/g). Protein solubility was positively correlated with carbohydrate content (r = 0.73, p < 0.05), but negatively with ash and lipid content (r = −0.39, r = −0.46, p < 0.05, respectively). The total protein content and lipid content were shown positive relationship with carbohydrate solubility (r = 0.39, r = 0.45, p < 0.05, respectively). Emulsion stability was positively correlated with protein solubility (r = 0.47, p < 0.05), whereas emulsion activity was negatively correlated with this parameter (r = −0.39, p < 0.05). Water and oil absorption capacity were not shown significant correlations with other investigated parameters. The obtained data indicated that bee pollen could find useful application as food ingredient in variety of food products.
•Physicochemical and techno-functional properties of different bee pollen differed.•Physicochemical and techno-functional properties of bee pollen were correlated.•Bee pollen showed good emulsifying and non-foaming properties.•Excellent oil absorption capacity and high carbohydrate solubility were registered.•The bee pollen might find useful application as food ingredient.
Background and objectives
Quinoa is considered to be a “natural functional food” due to a lot of bioactive compounds that are beneficial for human health by helping prevent the risks of different ...diseases. The aim of this study was to test the health‐promoting characteristics of Puno and Titicaca quinoa seeds grown in Serbia by assessing their phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activities, and potential anticancer effect on human colorectal cancer cells.
Findings
Thirteen phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in the seeds of both cultivars, but their profile and concentration of individual phenolic compounds differed. Cytotoxic activities were present in both cultivars, whereas the pronounced concentration and time‐dependent effects were more expressed in Puno extracts.
Conclusions
The extracts of the seeds of both cultivars are a rich source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and with high antioxidant activities. Potent anticancer activity against the human colorectal cancer was expressed in both investigated cultivars.
Significance and novelty
The study confirmed the health benefit potential of Puno and Titicaca quinoa cultivars, grown in Serbia. These results are the first to demonstrate a potent anticancer activity of quinoa seed extract against the human colorectal cancer cell line HCT‐116, as well as the presence of 7 new phenolic and flavonoid compounds.
The aim of this research was phenolics and protein characterization and antioxidant properties evaluation of skimmed thermally treated goat’s milk powder enriched with different concentration of ...grape pomace seed extract (SE). The dominant phenolics in SE were phenolic acids, flavan–3-ols and procyanidins. Different electrophoretic techniques together with UHPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of phenolics-protein interactions in the samples, mainly procyanidins with whey protein/caseins complexes. Addition of SE into thermally treated goat’s milk significantly improved antioxidant properties of goat’s milk such as TAC, FRP, DPPH• and ABTS•+ scavenging activity. Gallic acid, catechin, and procyanidins mostly contributed to these activities. The schematic representation of phenolics–casein micelles interactions in thermally treated goat’s milk enriched with SE was given. The addition of SE into thermally treated goat’s milk can be a promising strategy in food waste recovery and to enhance the beneficial health effects of goat’s milk-based functional foods.
In our previous study, ruthenium(II)-p-cymene complexes of general formula (η6-p-cymene)Ru(L)Cl2, L: 3-acetylpyridine (1), 2-amino-5-chloropyridine (2); and (η6-p-cymene)Ru(HL)Cl, HL: ...2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (3), 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (4), revealed low antiproliferative activity, except complex (η6-p-cymene)RuCl(picolinic acid)·H2O (5) which exhibited IC50 around 80μM. In this study we further investigated in vitro potential of antimetastatic action of ruthenium complexes on HeLa and two endothelial cell lines. Comparison of structure and activity of five complexes indicated heterogenic mode of activity, with regard to the potential of antimetastatic and antiproliferative effect. Replacement of substituted pyridine ligand with picolinic acid (complex 5) around Ru(II) center contributed to complex cytotoxicity and ruthenium DNA binding affinity. Analysis of ruthenium(II) accumulation in DNA and protein fractions of HeLa cells, using ICP-OES revealed significantly higher content of complex 5 in DNA fraction in comparison to the other tested compounds. It also altered cell cycle progression, affected expression of DNA repair enzymes ERCC1 and MSH2, and showed enhanced activity in combination with 3-aminobenzamide.
Regardless of their effect on cell growth, Ru(II) complexes exerted antimetastatic effect on several tumor cell lines in vitro, achieved mostly by the effect on cell adhesion, migration and angiogenesis, while picolinate ruthenium(II)–arene additionally exerted inhibitory effect on extracellular matrix degradation.
Comparison of in vitro antimetastatic and cytotoxic activity of several ruthenium(II)-p-cymene complexes reveled picolinate ruthenium(II)–arene complex as the most promising one, with highest DNA binding affinity, and highest inhibitory effect on metalloproteinase activity and angiogenesis. Display omitted
► Picolinate ruthenium(II)– arene exhibited antiproliferative and DNA binding property. ► It also showed in vitro antimetastatic properties. ► Influence of complex on DNA repair enzymes ERCC1, MSH2 and PARP was investigated.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the content and profile of the phenolic compounds (PCs) and antioxidant properties of field-grown leaves, in vitro leaves and in vitro callus cultures of the ...blackberry ‘Čačanska Bestrna’ and blueberry ‘Toro’. In vitro shoots of the selected genotypes were grown either on original Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1 mg/L BA, 0.1 mg/L IBA and 0.1 mg/L GA3 (‘Čačanska Bestrna’) or on MS medium with macroelements reduced to ½, 2 mg/L zeatin and 0.2 mg/L IAA (‘Toro’). Callus cultures were induced from in vitro leaves and established on MS medium with 2 mg/L BA and 2 mg/L 2,4-D (‘Čačanska Bestrna’) or MS medium with half strength macroelements, 2 mg/L BA, 2 mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L NAA (‘Toro’). Total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) were the highest in blueberry leaves, whereas low TPC and TFC values were obtained in callus cultures of both cultivars. A higher content of PCs in blueberry leaves compared to blackberry leaves was determined by the UHPLC-DAD MS/MS technique. Quercetin derivatives and phenolic acids were the dominant PCs in the leaves of both berries, whereas gallocatechin was present in a significant amount in blueberry leaves. Callus cultures of both berries had a specific PC profile, with none detected in the leaves except quercetin-3-O-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside. Blackberry leaves showed the best antioxidant properties as estimated by ferric reducing power (FRP), ABTS•+ and DPPH• scavenging activity assays. Callus cultures of both berries exhibited three to five times lower ABTS•+ and ten to seventeen times lower DPPH• scavenging activity compared to corresponding leaves. The analyzed leaves and callus cultures can be a good source of PCs with good antioxidant properties and specific phenolics, respectively, for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
The profile of flavan‐3‐ols and proanthocyanidins in five different Rosa species (R. canina, R. glutinosa, R. rubiginosa, R. multiflora, and R. spinosissima) was estimated on high performance thin ...layer chromatography cellulose plates. Differences in flavanol and proanthocyanidin profiles of the extracts were evident, among which Rosa spinosissima stood out with catechin as the only detected flavanol and red zones as indication of anthocyanins. Furthermore, the elution solvent for thin layer chromatography with mass spectrometry analyses of glycosylated flavan‐3‐ols and proanthocyanidins was optimized, enabling identification of catechin, (epi)catechin hexoside, proanthocyanidin dimer, and proanthocyanidin dimers and trimers hexosides. A total of 15 flavanols and their derivatives were identified using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with linear trap quadrupole‐Orbitrap mass analyzer and epicatechin, gallocatechin, and proanthocyanidin trimer were identified only using this technique. However, proanthocyanidin trimer trihexoside was identified only by thin‐layer chromatography with mass spectrometry. To establish the relationships between the flavanols and proanthocyanidins composition of rose hip and their origin, principal component analysis was performed on the entire set of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry data. Both principal components’ scores plots showed that Rosa spinosissima could be considered as an outlier. Our study demonstrated that flavanol and proanthocyanidin profiles of different rose hips depend on the geographical origin rather than on the cultivar and genotype.
Honey is a complex mixture of various substances, and its composition depends on both botanical and geographical origin, as well as anthropogenic factors. The accurate identification of honey origin ...guarantees the satisfaction of consumers' needs and has an impact on the honey market value. Physicochemical parameters, some of which are used in routine analysis of honey quality, could be useful for the assessment of its origin. In this review, special attention is paid to those studies that assessed the sugar and mineral composition of honey, whether they were investigated in terms of botanical or geographical origin, or for the characterization of honey type. The oligosaccharides present in honey and the electrical conductivity of honey correlate strongly with its botanical origin. Mineral content could be indicative for distinguishing honeys according to their botanical and geographical origins because it depends on both the soil composition and the floral type of melliferous plants. This review provides insight into the results obtained by various studies from approximately the last 10 years concerning the sugar profile and the mineral and trace element content of different types of honey. An attempt was made to statistically analyze the results regarding mineral and trace element content in order to identify indicators that could distinguish honey by origin.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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