Display omitted
•HPLC analysis showed that TTSG milk/pollen powder is good source of polyphenols.•After in vitro digestion of sample, the total polyphenols recovery was 30.71%.•TTSG milk/pollen ...powder exhibited good antioxidant properties.•TTSG milk/pollen powder could be a good functional ingredient.
The aim of research was to determine polyphenols bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of thermally-treated skimmed goat milk enriched with sunflower bee-collected pollen through in vitro digestion. HPLC analysis confirmed that pollen-enriched milk contained flavonols as the main phenolic fraction (80.7–76.2%) followed by phenolic acids (14.2–17.4%). Among individual compounds quercetin-3-O-glucoside (155.1–197.2 μg/L) and p-coumaric acid (29.5–30.7 μg/L) were the main quantified flavonols and phenolic acids, respectively. After digestion of milk/pollen sample, total polyphenols recovery was 30.71% with higher phenolic acids recovery (40.1%) compared to flavonols (28.3%) indicating strong interactions between caprine milk casein micelles and pollen polyphenols. Applied antioxidant assays (phosphomolybdenum, ABTS•+scavenging activity and ferrous-ion-chelating capacity) have confirmed complexity of prepared product- it had high ability to quench ABTS•+ radicals and to form chelating complexes with Fe2+ ions. Digestion provoked 20% reduction in total antioxidant capacity compared to the initial sample. TTSG milk/pollen powder could be good functional ingredient.
Pollen is recognized as an excellent dietary supplement for human nutrition, which is why it can be found in different forms on the market (granules, capsules, tablets, pellets, and powders). But, ...the digestibility of pollen's nutrients is strongly affected by the presence of a pollen shell, which can decrease the bioavailability of nutrients by 50% and more. Since consumers have become more aware of the benefits of a healthy diet and the necessity to improve pollen digestibility, different pollen-based functional food products have been developed and extensive studies were done to estimate the beneficial effects of pollen-based feed on animal growth, health, and rigor mortise stage. Considering the positive effects of pollen nutrients and phytometabolites on human and animal health, the aim of this paper was to give an overview of recent achievements in the application of pollen in the formulation of functional food and animal diets. Special attention was paid to the effects of pollen's addition on the nutritional, functional, techno-functional, and sensory properties of the new formulated food products. Anti-nutritional properties of pollen were also discussed. This review points out the benefits of pollen addition to food and feed and the possible directions in the further development of functional food and feed for the wellbeing of everyone.
Total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), free and total ellagic acid content, sugars, minerals, and radical-scavenging activity were determined in nine berries harvested in ...Serbia. More than 30 phenolic compounds were identified; among them, 11 polyphenols and cis,trans-abscisic acid were quantified using UHPLC coupled with an LTQ-Orbitrap XL mass analyzer. For the first time chrysin, naringenin, pinocembrin, and galangin were quantified in some of the investigated berry species. The extraction efficiency of the two extraction systems, methanol and acetone, was investigated. It was found that acetone is a better extracting solvent for TPC, whereas more TAC was extracted by methanol. TPC in acetone extracts ranged from 177.51 to 459.71 mg gallic acid equiv/100 g frozen weight. TAC ranged from 5.39 to 96.94 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside/100 g frozen weight in methanol extracts. The amounts of both free and total ellagic acid were found to be higher in the acetone extract in comparison to the methanol extract.
Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science, and nanotechnological concepts have been intensively studied for potential applications in the food industry. Nanoparticles (with dimensions ranging ...from one to several hundred nanometers) have specific characteristics and better functionality, thanks to their size and other physicochemical properties. Polyphenols are recognized as active compounds that have several putative beneficial properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity. However, the use of polyphenols as functional food ingredients faces numerous challenges, such as their poor stability, solubility, and bioavailability. These difficulties could be solved relatively easily by the application of encapsulation. The objective of this review is to present the most recent accomplishments in the usage of polyphenol-loaded nanoparticles in food science. Nanoparticles loaded with polyphenols and their applications as active ingredients for improving physicochemical and functional properties of food, or as components of active packaging materials, were critically reviewed. Potential adverse effects of polyphenol-loaded nanomaterials are also discussed.
•Determination of polyphenolic profile and total phenolic content of mulberry extracts.•Evaluation of antioxidant capacity using four assays.•Classification of extracts using PCA.•Relationship ...between polyphenolic profile and antioxidant activity.
In this study, the polyphenolic profile of 11 Morus alba fruits grown in the Vojvodina region was investigated. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with Linear Trap Quadrupole and OrbiTrap mass analyzer, and UHPLC coupled with a diode array detector and a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer were used for the identification and quantification of the polyphenols, respectively. A total of 14 hydroxycinnamic acid esters, 13 flavonol glycosides, and 14 anthocyanins were identified in the extracts with different distributions and contents according to the sampling. The total phenolic content ranged from 43.84 to 326.29mg GAE/100g frozen fruit. The radical scavenging capacity (50.18–86.79%), metal chelating ability (0.21–8.15%), ferric ion reducing power (0.03–38.45μM ascorbic acid) and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity (16.53–62.83%) were assessed. The findings indicated that mulberry polyphenolics may act as potent superoxide anion radical scavengers and reducing agents.
In situ dependence of the formation and behavior of 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) upon the temperature was examined ...during the experiment carried out on combustion temperatures between 930 and 998 °C in the “Nikola Tesla B” power plant, located 50 km from the Serbian capital, Belgrade. Samples of used lignite and lignite combustion byproducts were collected on a regular basis, and PAHs in collected samples were extracted using ultrasonic extraction with methylene chloride and analyzed by gas chromatography with mass selective detection (GC/MSD). Degradation and formation of PAH molecules were established. Different PAH synthesis mechanisms were noticed by correlation of obtained data, and the presence of phenyl addition/cyclization (PAC) and hydrogen abstraction/acetylene addition (HACA) mechanisms was confirmed. It was concluded that the increase of the combustion temperature has an influence on the increase of total PAH concentrations in combustion byproducts up to the threshold value, while at the same time, there are different distributions of different PAHs in ash and slag. The optimal combustion temperature, producing a minimal PAH concentration in combustion products, for Kolubara basin lignite in the “Nikola Tesla B” power plant is 930 °C.
The aim of this work was to determine phenolic profile and antioxidant properties of methanolic (MEP) and ethanolic (EEP) extracts of monofloral bee-collected sunflower pollen from Serbia. In total, ...37 different polyphenols (19 flavonol glycosides and 18 other polyphenols) were identified by UHPLC/MS-MS Orbitrap analysis. The different phenolic profile of MEP and EEP was observed with flavonols as most abundant, 94.1% (MEP) and 93.4% (EEP), out of which flavonoid glycosides represented 73.2% (MEP) and 66.1% (EEP). The higher amount of total phenolics was recorded in EEP (200.58 mg/kg DW) than in MEP (244.44 mg/kg DW). The quercetin 3-O-galactoside was the major compound in both extracts, 112.86 mg/kg in MEP and 128.64 mg/kg in EEP. The presence of coumaroylated and acetylated flavonoid glycosides were registered, among which the quercetin 3-O-(6“-acetyl)hexoside was recored in the significant amount in MEP (111.10 mg Q3G/kg DW), whereas in EEP the content of coumaroylated kaempferol glycosides (137.95 mg Q3G/kg DW) was significantly higher. The ferric reducing power and ABTS radical scavenging activity assays revealed that pollen extracts possessed significant antioxidant activity. The monofloral bee-collected pollen of Helianthus annuus L. can be used as good food supplement with high flavonoids content and antioxidant activity.
Display omitted
•Polyphenolic profile of sunflower bee-collected pollen is determined.•In total, 37 different phenolic compounds were identified/quantified.•The different phenolic profile of methanolic and ethanolic extracts was observed.•Pollen extracts possessed considerable antioxidant activity.•Due to significant flavonoids content pollen is potentially good food supplement.
Due to its divergent chemical composition and good nutritional properties, pollen is not only important as a potential food supplement but also as a good substrate for the development of different ...microorganisms. Among such microorganisms, toxigenic fungi are extremely dangerous as they can synthesize mycotoxins as a part of their metabolic pathways. Furthermore, favorable conditions that enable the synthesis of mycotoxins (adequate temperature, relative humidity, pH, and a
values) are found frequently during pollen collection and/or production process. Internationally, several different mycotoxins have been identified in pollen samples, with a noted predominance of aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin. Mycotoxins are, generally speaking, extremely harmful for humans and other mammals. Current EU legislation contains guidelines on the permissible content of this group of compounds, but without information pertaining to the content of mycotoxins in pollen. Currently only aflatoxins have been researched and discussed in the literature in regard to proposed limits. Therefore, the aim of this review is to give information about the presence of different mycotoxins in pollen samples collected all around the world, to propose possible aflatoxin contamination pathways, and to emphasize the importance of a regular mycotoxicological analysis of pollen. Furthermore, a suggestion is made regarding the legal regulation of pollen as a food supplement and the proposed tolerable limits for other mycotoxins.
Display omitted
•Determination of polyphenolic profiles of Rubus leaves.•Screening by UHPLC-LTQ OrbiTrap MS/MS and UHPLC-DAD MS/MS.•Evaluation of antioxidant capacity using four assays.•First report ...on polyphenolics in Serbian ‘Čačanska Bestrna’ blackberry cultivar leaf.
The polyphenolic profiles of leaves from three raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars (‘Willamette’, ‘Tulameen’, ‘Meeker’) and one blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) cultivar, (‘Čačanska Bestrna’) grown in West Serbia were evaluated. To characterise the extracts, two hyphenated techniques were employed. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with an LTQ OrbiTrap mass spectrometer was used to identify polyphenolics. A rapid and accurate procedure in negative ion mode using a gradient elution within 15min was established. This allowed us to identify 83 compounds, mostly hydroxycinnamic acid esters, flavonol glycosides, flavan-3-ols and ellagic acid derivatives. Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives were identified in all investigated samples. Quantification was achieved with a time selected reaction monitoring (tSRM) method using UHPLC coupled with a diode array detector (DAD) and connected to a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. Among 23 compounds that were quantitated using available standards, ellagic acid was found to be the main phenolic acid in the Rubus leaves ranging from 1574 to 2875mgkg−1dry weight (DW). The raspberry leaves had higher contents of catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, rutin, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid than the blackberry leaf sample. On the other hand, there was more caffeic acid and aesculin in the blackberry leaf sample than in raspberry leaves. All leaves were characterized by a high total phenolic content (84.64–144.20mgGAEg−1DW), favourable radical scavenging capacity (38.05–83.77%), adequate ferric ion reducing power (59.74–92.80μmolL−1 of an ascorbic acid solution), good superoxide anion radical scavenging activity (28.43–39.87%), but low metal chelating ability (1.55–8.86%). To our best knowledge, this is the first report describing the phenolic profile of ‘Čačanska Bestrna’ leaves.
The current study intended to determine, for the first time, phenolic and fatty acid profile, antioxidant and certain nutritional properties of monofloral bee-collected artichoke (Cynara scolymus) ...pollen. Based on UHPLC-DAD MS-MS analysis the main phenolics in extractable fraction were different flavonol glycosides (in particular Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, 49.2 mg/kg of dry weight) while ferulic acid was the predominant phenolic compound (39.4 mg/kg of dry weight) in the alkaline hydrolyzable fraction. Among fatty acids (FAs), results of GC-FID analysis revealed prevalence of unsaturated FAs with cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and oleic acid as the main ones- 28.4% and 24.9%, respectively. Based on the FA composition, nutritional analysis proved that artichoke bee-collected pollen had balanced ω-6 and ω-3 FAs content. To determine the antioxidant properties of pollen, five different assays were applied. It was proved that bioactive compounds in artichoke pollen possessed significant ability to quench DPPH radical as well as ABTS radical cation. In addition, in vitro phosphomolybdenum assay confirmed that artichoke pollen is an excellent source of different antioxidants. Pollen extracts exhibited moderate ferric reducing power as well as low ferrous chelating ability. Some further antioxidant studies (preferably in vivo) should be performed to confirm the observed results.
PDF
