► Extraction of chitosan from shrimp shell waste. ► Biopolymer finishing on biopolymers using grafting as a tool. ► Durable antibacterial properties of modified product. ► Modification as a tool to ...obtain hygienic textiles.
Chitosan can be best utilized as safe antibacterial agent for textiles but there is always a limitation of its durability. The chitin containing shellfish waste is available in huge quantities, but very low quantities are utilized for extraction of high value products like chitosan. In the current work chitosan was extracted from shrimp shells and then used as antibacterial exhaust finishing agent for grafted bamboo rayon. Chitosan bound bamboo rayon was then evaluated for antibacterial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. The product showed antibacterial activity against both types of bacterias which was durable till 30 washes.
► Banana fibre was acetylated using N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS) as catalyst. ► The acetylated Banana fibre was used for oil spill recovery. ► Its oil sorption capacities were much greater than those of ...synthetic sorbents such as polypropylene fibre. ► It is also possible to reuse the acetylated banana fibre for oil sorption.
Oil spill leaves detrimental effects on the environment, living organisms and economy. In the present work, an attempt is made to provide an efficient, easily deployable method of cleaning up oil spills and recovering of the oil. The work reports the use of banana fibres which were acetylated for oil spill recovery. The product so formed was characterized by FT-IR, TG, SEM and its degree of acetylation was also evaluated. The extent of acetylation was measured by weight percent gain. The oil sorption capacity of the acetylated fibre was higher than that of the commercial synthetic oil sorbents such as polypropylene fibres as well as un-modified fibre. Therefore, these oil sorption-active materials which are also biodegradable can be used to substitute non-biodegradable synthetic materials in oil spill cleanup.
► Enhanced grafting using mixture of acrylic acid and polyacrylamide. ► Improvement in moisture regain of fabric on grafting. ► Improved dyeability towards both acid and cationic dyes. ► ...Immobilization of silver nanoparticles on swollen grafted fabrics. ► Durable antibacterial activity of nanoparticles containing grafted fabrics.
Bamboo is considered to be important biopolymer with useful applications in various fields including textiles. In the current study bamboo rayon fabric was grafted with a mixture of acrylic acid and acrylamide using potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator. The graft copolymerization parameters were optimized in terms of acrylic acid to acrylamide ratio, temperature, time, initiator concentration and monomer concentration. The grafted product was characterized using FTIR, TGA and SEM and further evaluated for properties like moisture regain and yellowness index. The ungrafted and grafted fabrics were then dyed using cationic and acid dyes. The grafted material showed improved dyeability towards both acid and cationic dyes with improvement in fastness properties. Ag+ ions adsorbed on grafted fabric, through treatment with AgNO3, were reduced into Ag(0) nanoparticles. Such fabric showed excellent antibacterial properties against both gram positive and gram-negative bacteria with durability of 50 washes.
In the current study the bamboo rayon fabric grafted with acrylamide was utilized as a backbone to immobilize copper nanoprticles. The grafted bamboo rayon was first treated with CuSO4 followed by ...chemical reduction. The modified product was characterized using FTIR, TGA and SEM. The characteristic color developed after reduction was measured spectrophotometrically. The grafted bamboo rayon with Cu nanoparticles was then evaluated for antibacterial activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria and the durability of their antibacterial activity after washing. The product showed antibacterial activity against both types of bacterias which was found to be durable till 50 washes. The material can be claimed as suitable candidate for medical textile applications to prevent cross-infections.
There has been a growing interest in natural dyes and consciousness about ill effects of ultraviolet rays on the human skin. This paper discusses dye extraction from the fruit shell waste of ...Sterculia foetida and its application on linen fabric for dyeing as well as ultraviolet protection (UPF) property. Optimal results were achieved for dyeing at 90°C for 60 min at 30% concentration of the dye on the weight of fabric using pre- and post-mordant dyeing techniques. Dyeing on linen fabric with and without mordant showed very good results in terms of different hues of color and UPF. Treated fabrics showed substantial increase in color depth and good to very good wash, light and rubbing fastness properties for both with and without mordant-dyed linen fabrics. The results confirmed that natural dye from Sterculia foetida fruit shell extract has potential applications for linen dyeing and producing a good to very good UPF.
The present work mainly deals with the study of the efficacy of coconut shell extract (CSE), an eco-friendly natural waste product, as a dye and also as an acid dyeing medium, for coloration and ...multifunctional finishing of wool fabric for fire retardancy and UV-protective effects. The wool fabric was dyed with coconut shell extract “as-it-is” and in concentrated form at pH 4.5. A UV–visible spectrometry determination was used for color measurement whereas gas chromatography mass spectrometry identified some of the components of CSE. The limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical flammability, and fire retardancy were determined, while thermal degradation was studied using thermogravimetric analysis. Scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis was used to examine the surface depositions for elements present in the CSE treated fabric. The chemical modification and the structural conformation of the wool fabric were studied using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Fabric dyed with CSE at pH 4.5, and with synthetic acid dye in CSE, showed more exhaustion of color and color strength as well as thermal stability as compared to that of the fabric dyed in water medium with synthetic acid dye.
There has been growing interest in the use of bioresource waste for natural dyeing and finishing. This paper discusses dye extraction from the novel source fruit shell waste of
Sterculia foetida
and ...its application on mulberry silk fabric to confer aesthetic coloration and wellness properties such as ultra-violet (UV) protection and antibacterial properties. Treated fabrics showed a substantial increase in color depth and adequate wash, light, and rubbing fastness properties for dyed silk fabrics with and without mordanting. Pre-and post-mordanting of silk fabrics were carried out using mordants such as alum, harda (myrobalan), and copper sulfate. UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis of fruit shell extract (FSE) at different pHs and FSE with three different mordants at neutral pH was used to understand the phenomena of dye-fiber interaction. The treated fabrics characterised by ATR-FTIR, SEM-EDS, and XRD analysis indicate the nature of dye fiber interaction justifying the multifunctional properties. The treated fabric also showed very good ultraviolet protection property and antibacterial properties both against
S. aureus
and
E. coli
bacteria even after ten washes. The results indicate that
Sterculia foetida
fruit shell extract offers an excellent potential as coloration, antibacterial, and ultraviolet protective agent for mulberry silk fabric.
Raw Jute was modified by acetylation process with acetic anhydride using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) as a catalyst in a solvent free system which was found to be effective catalyst. The reaction ...parameters were optimized which were found to be time 1 h, temperature 120 °C, catalyst concentration 2 %, and solid to liquid ratio 1:20. The product so formed was characterized by FT-IR and TG and its degree of acetylation was also evaluated. The extent of acetylation was measured by weight percent gain (WPG). Acetylation resulted in significant increase in hydrophobic properties of the jute fiber. The oil sorption capacity of the acetylated jute was higher than that of the commercial synthetic oil sorbents such as polypropylene fibers as well as raw jute. Therefore, these oil sorption-active materials which are also biodegradable can be used to substitute non-biodegradable synthetic materials in oil spill cleanup.
As far as the value addition of textile is concerned, flame retardancy of textile materials is considered to be one of the most important properties in textile finishing by both industries as well as ...academic researchers. Flame-retardant property with thermal stability was imparted to cotton by using green coconut (Cocos nucifera Linn) shell extract, a natural waste source of coconut. Coconut shell extract was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry and its phytochemical analysis was also carried out. The coconut shell extract (acidic after extraction) was applied in three different pH (acidic, neutral, and alkaline) conditions to the cotton fabric. Flame-retardant properties of the untreated and the treated cotton fabrics were analyzed by limiting oxygen index and vertical flammability. The study showed that all the treated fabrics had good flame resistance property compared to that of the untreated fabric. The limiting oxygen index value was found to increase by 72.2% after application of the coconut shell extract from alkaline pH. Pyrolysis and char formation behavior of the concerned fabrics were studied using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetric analysis in a nitrogen atmosphere. The physicochemical composition of the untreated and coconut shell extract treated cotton fabrics were analyzed by attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Also, treated cotton fabric showed natural brown color and antibacterial property against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The durability of the flame-retardant functionality to washing with soap solution has also been studied and reported in this paper.
Pituitary stalk abnormalities are one of the causes of hypopituitarism. Isolated pituitary stalk duplication with a single pituitary gland is extremely rare with only a few cases reported to date. ...The present case has a different clinical picture as compared to the cases that were previously reported in the literature.
A 2 years 6-month-old male child, a product of nonconsanguineous marriage, presented with short stature, micropenis with unilateral undescended testis, and delayed motor milestones. His bone age was delayed by 6 months. On further evaluation, he was found to be euthyroid, with stimulated growth hormone (GH) and stimulated gonadotropin levels were suboptimal, whereas the cortisol and the prolactin were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary revealed pituitary stalk duplication with a single pituitary gland of normal dimensions and fused tuber cinereum and mammillary body.
To our knowledge, only 7 cases with isolated pituitary stalk duplication were reported. The presenting complaint could be primarily of hypopituitarism like short stature or a neurologic complaint or ocular abnormality. The pituitary hormone deficiencies are variable with GH deficiency being the most common as seen in our case. Other associated features could be the morning glory disc anomaly, moyamoya disease, pituitary adenoma or hypoplasia, split hypothalamus, and sellar dermoid.
Pituitary stalk duplication is a developmental disorder that is diagnosed only by imaging. Patients should be evaluated for hypopituitarism, particularly the GH and gonadotrophins deficiency, and also screened for associated neurologic and ocular abnormalities.
