Se realizó la validación de la metodología analítica para la cuantificación de naproxeno (NAP) en medios acuosos de pH 1,2 y fuerza iónica m 0,15 mol Lâeuro"1 y de pH 7,4 y m 0,15 mol Lâeuro"1, los ...cuales son empleados en estudios de la transferencia de este fármaco entre fases líquidas inmiscibles. El método analítico fue la espectrofotometría UV, en razón de que el NAP presenta en su estructura molecular grupos cromóforos compatibles (naftilo y carbonilo), los cuales permiten obtener una adecuada absorción en la región UV. Los parámetros validados en cada uno de los sistemas buffer fueron: especificidad, linealidad, repetibilidad del instrumento de medida y del método, y precisión intermedia. Adicionalmente se presentan los resultados del reparto de NAP en diferentes sistemas líquido/líquido a 25,0 °C a los dos valores de pH.
The polynomial Generator Coordinate Hartree-Fock Gaussian basis sets, pGCHF, for the atoms Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, and Cl were generated using the generator coordinate method based on polynomial ...integral expansion to discretise the Griffin-Wheeler-Hartree-Fock equations. The pGCHF basis sets were contracted with the CONTRACT program based on the Davidson contraction model through which a set of 9s8p functions for the atoms Na through Cl were obtained. Polarisation exponents generated using the POLARIZATION program were added to the contracted pGCHF Gaussian basis sets. Molecular calculations at the DFT level of theory showed that the pGCHF basis sets can be used to calculate the atomisation energy with accuracy comparable to the well-established pcseg-3, def2-QZVP, and Sapporo-QZP basis sets; also, the complete basis set (CBS) limit estimate was obtained with the pcseg-3/pcseg-4 basis sets.
The pGCHF basis sets for second-row atoms were generated using the CG method based on polynomial integral expansion to discretise the GWHF equations. These new basis sets can achieve competitive accuracy while describing atomisation energies.
Butyrate is a microbiota-produced metabolite, sensed by host short-chain fatty acid receptors FFAR2 (Gpr43), FFAR3 (Gpr41), HCAR2 (Gpr109A), and Histone deacetylase (HDAC) that promotes ...microbiota-host crosstalk. Butyrate influences energy uptake, developmental and immune response in mammals. This microbial metabolite is produced by around 79 anaerobic genera present in the mammalian gut, yet little is known about the role of butyrate in the host-microbiota interaction in salmonid fish. To further our knowledge of this interaction, we analyzed the intestinal microbiota and genome of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), searching for butyrate-producing genera and host butyrate receptors. We identified Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria as the main butyrate-producing bacteria in the salmon gut microbiota. In the Atlantic salmon genome, we identified an expansion of genes orthologous to FFAR2 and HCAR2 receptors, and class I and IIa HDACs that are sensitive to butyrate. In addition, we determined the expression levels of orthologous of HCAR2 in the gut, spleen, and head-kidney, and FFAR2 in RTgutGC cells. The effect of butyrate on the Atlantic salmon immune response was evaluated by analyzing the pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines response in vitro in SHK-1 cells by RT-qPCR. Butyrate decreased the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 and TGF-β cytokines. Butyrate also reduced the expression of interferon-alpha, Mx, and PKR, and decreased the viral load at a higher concentration (4 mM) in cells treated with this molecule before the infection with Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV) by mechanisms independent of FFAR2, FFAR3 and HCAR2 expression that probably inhibit HDAC. Moreover, butyrate modified phosphorylation of cytoplasmic proteins in RTgutGC cells. Our data allow us to infer that Atlantic salmon have the ability to sense butyrate produced by their gut microbiota via different specific targets, through which butyrate modulates the immune response of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the antiviral response.
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Abstract Objetives To analyze the surgical and oncologic outcome of prospective experience with laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. We describe the surgical technique and mid-term oncological results ...achieved. Material and methods 60 patients were operated with this technique between June 2005 and June 2009. The mean age of patients was 58.9 38–77 years, being 40 (66.7%) males and 20 (33.3%) women. The average BMI was 26.8 18–40. Laterality was 28 (46.7%) right tumors and 32 (53.3%) left, being located in the upper pole in 14 (23.3%) patients, in the middle third in 13 (21.7%), in the lower pole in 22 (36.7%), and hiliar region in 11 (18.3%). In 23 cases (38.3%) tumors were located in the anterior valve, in 24 (40%) in the posterior valve, in 10 (16.7%) at the outer edge and 3 (5%) at the inner edge. The average size tumor on CT was 3.3 1–6.4 cm and in the surgical specimen 3.1 1.2–7 cm. Results The mean operative time was 107.17 50–185 min, with a warm ischemia time of 33 0–70 min. In 56 cases (93.3%) there was a single artery and in 4 (6.7%) cases there were 2 arteries. The artery was clamped alone in 15 patients (25%), artery and vein in 44 (73.3%) and no clamping was performed in 1 (1.7%). We repaired the urinary tract in 32 patients (53.3%), leaving ureteral catheter in all patients. 20% of patients (12) required transfusion. Intraoperative complications occurred in 5 patients (8.7%). These were: 1 splenic injury requiring splenectomy (1.7%), 1 tear in the vena cava, sutured laparoscopically (1.7%) and 3 cases of bleeding due to bulldog malfunction (5%). Postoperative complications occurred in 11 patients (18.7%) and these were: 1 wall hematoma that required reoperation (1.7%), 1 urinary fistula ending in renal atrophy and subsequent nephrectomy (1.7%), 3 intracavitary hematomas which resolved conservatively (5%), 1 arteriovenous fistula that needed embolization (1.7%), 1 urinoma that was resolved with percutaneous drainage (1.7%) and 3 cases of postoperative fever (5%). Margins were positive in 1 patient (1.7%). In 49 cases (81.7%) histology was renal cell carcinoma, in 8 (13.3%) oncocytoma, in 2 (3.3%) angiomyolipoma and 1 (1.7%) metastasis. The average stay was 5 3–29 days. Median follow up was 31 12–61 months. There was a local recurrence at 16 months (hiliar primary tumor 2.5 cm) and an ipsilateral adrenal metastasis at 34 months (primary tumor 5.6 cm in left lower pole). Conclusions In this series of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy low rate of complications, good oncologic results and low recurrence rate in the short term are shown. More patients and further monitoring is required to strengthen the functional and oncological outcomes of this surgical technique.
Abstract Introduction To analyse the results achieved to treat iliac or pelvic ureteric stricture using laparoscopic reimplantation of the ureter in a psoic bladder. Material and method In a ...four-year period, we performed laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation in a psoic bladder in 6 patients (right/left 1:1; male/female 1:2; mean age 59.2 years, range 47-87). In 4 cases the lesion was iatrogenic and in 2 cases idiopathic. Ureteral resection with bladder cuff and cystorraphy followed by ipsilateral lymph node dissection was performed in idiopathic cases or those with history of previous urothelial tumour (4 cases in total) before ureteral reimplantation. Bladder was extensively mobilized and fixed to minor psoas tendon before performing ureteroneocystostomy. Mixed intra and extravesical technique with submucosal tunnel (Politano) was used in a case and in the remaining 5 cases extravesical technique with submucosal tunnel (Goodwin) was used. Mean follow-up was 26 months (range 18–34). Results There was no need to convert to open surgery. Time of surgery was 230 minutes in the case treated with Politano ureteroneocystostomy and 120 (range 75–150) in those treated purely extravesically. The mean hospital stay was 3.2 days (range 2–5). There were no intra or postoperative complications. Histologic assessment always revealed ureteral fibrosis and in 2 cases accompanying granulomatous inflammation and dysplasia. No patient suffered re-stricture or impairment in renal function during follow-up. Conclusions Laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation is an effective and safe minimally invasive technique to treat benign distal stricture of the ureter. Simplicity of extravesical reimplantation has an advantage over its intravesical counterpart.
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