Sorting Texts by Readability Tanaka-Ishii, Kumiko; Tezuka, Satoshi; Terada, Hiroshi
Computational linguistics - Association for Computational Linguistics,
06/2010, Letnik:
36, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This article presents a novel approach for readability assessment through sorting. A comparator that judges the relative readability between two texts is generated through machine learning, and a ...given set of texts is sorted by this comparator. Our proposal is advantageous because it solves the problem of a lack of training data, because the construction of the comparator only requires training data annotated with two reading levels. The proposed method is compared with regression methods and a state-of-the art classification method. Moreover, we present our application, called Terrace, which retrieves texts with readability similar to that of a given input text.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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► Heat-treatment of lidocaine HCl forms an amorphous state. ► Indomethacin is dissolved into fused lidocaine HCl by heating of their mixture. ► Indomethacin and lidocaine HCl form ...an amorphous mixture. ► Their mixtures show a glass transition on cooling. ► Indomethacin changes electronic structure of lidocaine HCl to that of lidocaine.
Indomethacin (IM) easily forms an amorphous complex with lidocaine (LC) by heat treatment. To know the mechanism involved in the formation of this complex, we studied temperature-dependent phase changes in mixtures of IM and lidocaine hydrochloride (LH), in which the cationic form of LC forms a salt with Cl−, in various molar ratios by using DSC and NMR. Although heating of the mixture of IM and LC (IM+LC), formed a eutectic mixture, that of IM and LH (IM+LH) did not, and IM in the IM+LH mixture was dissolved into fused LH. Cooling of the fused IM+LH showed the glass transition in all of the samples containing various amounts of IM, suggesting that fused IM+LH took a homogenous amorphous state (IM/LH) below its glass transition temperature, in contrast to the fused IM+LC, which formed the rubber state and/or glass state depending on the molar content of IM. The results of the NMR study showed that IM in IM/LH caused the electronic structure of LH to change in such a way as to become similar to that of LC, but this effect was limited. Hence, mode of interaction of LH with IM is different from that of LC with IM.
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► Heating of the mixture of indomethacin and lidocaine induces a eutectic mixture. ► There are glass and rubber states of their amorphous mixtures. ► The amorphous mixture in rubber ...state takes a clathrate-like structure.
We studied temperature-dependent phase changes in the mixture of indomethacin (IM) and lidocaine (LC) in various molar ratios by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). DSC studies were carried out between −40°C and 180°C heating/cooling/heating cycle at a rate of 10°C/min under a nitrogen gas flow. Although LC in the liquid state was crystallized, fused IM showed a glass transition signal upon cooling. Hence, cooling of fused IM caused it to assume the amorphous state below its glass transition temperature. Heating of the mixture of IM and LC resulted in formation of a eutectic mixture between them, and cooling of the fused mixture caused formation of the amorphous state at any molar ratio examined. It is noteworthy that the amorphous solid of the fused complex of IM and LC was in the rubber state and glass state in the mixtures containing IM between 20% and 40%, whereas there was only the glass state in the samples containing 50% IM and higher. In addition, crystallization of LC took place by cooling the fused sample containing 10% IM.
•Proteome of mitochondrial proteins passed through hydroxyapatite columns was examined.•All the proteins had high hydrophobicity over their entire protein sequences.•The hydrophobic proteins fused to ...soluble proteins showed affinity for hydroxyapatite.•We discussed the molecular basis of the interactions between proteins and hydroxyapatite.
Hydroxyapatite chromatography is a very important step in the purification of voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) and several members of solute carrier family 25 (Slc25) from isolated mitochondria. In the presence of Triton X-100, VDACs and Slc25 members present a peculiar property, i.e., a lack of interaction with hydroxyapatite, resulting in their presence in the flow-through fraction of hydroxyapatite chromatography. This property has allowed selective isolation of VDACs and Slc25 members from a mixture of total mitochondrial proteins. However, the reason why only these few proteins are selectively obtained in the presence of Triton X-100 from the flow-though fraction of hydroxyapatite chromatography has not yet been adequately understood. In this study, when we examined the protein species in the flow-through fractions by proteomic analysis, VDAC isoforms, Slc25 members, and some other membrane proteins were identified. All the mitochondrial proteins had in common high hydrophobicity over their entire protein sequences. When the proteins were fused to soluble proteins, the fused proteins showed affinity for hydroxyapatite even in the presence of Triton X-100. Based on these results, we discussed the molecular basis of the interactions between proteins and hydroxyapatite in the presence of Triton X-100.
Aim
The present study aimed to examine whether heart rate variability (HRV) indices in depressed patients measured at return to work after sick leave are related to the outcome of reinstatement.
...Methods
This study included 30 workers who took a leave of absence due to major depressive disorder. HRV was measured twice, once when participants left work and another when they returned to work. One month after returning to work, 19 participants continued their original work (successful return group), while 11 failed to perform their original work (unsuccessful return group). HRV indices including high‐ and low‐frequency components (HF and LF) were calculated in three conditions within a session lasting for about 5 minutes, initial rest (Rest), mental task (Task), and rest after task (After), and were compared between the two participant groups. Psychological states were evaluated using Self‐rating Depression Scale and State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory.
Results
No significant differences were observed in the HRV indices on leaving work between groups. On returning to work, the “unsuccessful return group” exhibited lower HF Rest score, higher HF Task/Rest ratio, and higher LF/HF Rest score than the “successful return group.” Psychological scores improved in both groups.
Conclusion
These results indicate that autonomic dysregulations revealed by HRV measurement at return to work after a leave of absence in MDD patients were related to the outcome of reinstatement and can serve as useful information for the assessment of the risk of unsuccessful return.
Autonomic dysregulations revealed by heart rate variability measurement at return to work after sick leave in depressed patients were related to the outcome of reinstatement and can serve as useful information for the assessment of the risk of unsuccessful return.
The effects of the carotenoids β-carotene and astaxanthin on the peroxidation of liposomes induced by ADP and Fe
2+ were examined. Both compounds inhibited production of lipid peroxides, astaxanthin ...being about 2-fold more effective than β-carotene. The difference in the modes of destruction of the conjugated polyene chain between β-carotene and astaxanthin suggested that the conjugated polyene moiety and terminal ring moieties of the more potent astaxanthin trapped radicals in the membrane and both at the membrane surface and in the membrane, respectively, whereas only the conjugated polyene chain of β-carotene was responsible for radical trapping near the membrane surface and in the interior of the membrane. The efficient antioxidant activity of astaxanthin is suggested to be due to the unique structure of the terminal ring moiety.
The electrophoretic mobility of five different-sized spherical colloidal gold particles has been measured in aqueous potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium phosphate electrolyte solutions over the ...concentration range 0.005−0.154 M solutions. The measured mobilities are independent of electrolyte type and dependent on electrolyte concentration. Interpretation of the mobilities using the simplified electrokinetic formula of Ohshima (J Colloid Interface Sci. 2001, 239, 587−590) indicates that the magnitude of the effective electrokinetic charge density and total charge of particle remains apparently constant with electrolyte concentration. The effective electrokinetic surface charge is negative in KCl and sodium phosphate solutions. The ζ-potential shows a maximum absolute value in both electrolyte solutions (negative).
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) 1 was severely damaged from the chain reaction of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami on 11 March 2011, and the consequent meltdown and ...hydrogen gas explosions. This resulted in the worst nuclear accident since the Chernobyl accident of 1986. Just as in the case of Chernobyl, emergency workers were recruited to conduct a wide range of tasks, including disaster response, rescuing activities, NPP containment, and radiation decontamination. This paper describes the types and efficacy of the various occupational health interventions introduced to the Fukushima NPP radiation workers. Such interventions were implemented in order to prevent unnecessary radiation overexposure and associated adverse health effects and work injuries. Less than 1% of all emergency workers were exposed to external radiation of >100 mSv, and to date no deaths or health adversities from radiation have been reported for those workers. Several occupational health interventions were conducted, including setting of new regulatory exposure limits, improving workers' radiation dosimetry, administration of stable iodine, running an occupational health tracking system, and improving occupational medicine and preventative care. Those interventions were not only vital for preventing unnecessary radiation, but also for managing other general health issues such as mental health, heat illness and infectious diseases. Long-term administration of the aforementioned occupational health interventions is essential to ensure the ongoing support and care for these workers, who were put under one of the most severe occupational health risk conditions ever encountered.
Stellar images have been obtained under natural seeing at visible and near-infrared wavelengths simultaneously through the Subaru Telescope at Mauna Kea. The image quality is evaluated by the ...full-width at the half-maximum (FWHM) of the stellar images. The observed ratio of FWHM in the
V
-band to the
K
-band is 1.54 ± 0.17 on average. The ratio shows tendency to decrease toward bad seeing as expected from the outer scale influence, though the number of the samples is still limited. The ratio is important for simulations to evaluate the performance of a ground-layer adaptive optics system at near-infrared wavelengths based on optical seeing statistics. The observed optical seeing is also compared with outside seeing to estimate the dome seeing of the Subaru Telescope.
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