Galaxy clusters are expected to be dark matter (DM) reservoirs and storage rooms for the cosmic-ray protons (CRp) that accumulate along the cluster's formation history. Accordingly, they are ...excellent targets to search for signals of DM annihilation and decay at gamma-ray energies and are predicted to be sources of large-scale gamma-ray emission due to hadronic interactions in the intracluster medium. We estimate the sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) to detect diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Perseus galaxy cluster. We perform a detailed spatial and spectral modelling of the expected signal for the DM and the CRp components. For each, we compute the expected CTA sensitivity. The observing strategy of Perseus is also discussed. In the absence of a diffuse signal (non-detection), CTA should constrain the CRp to thermal energy ratio within the radius \(R_{500}\) down to about \(X_{500}<3\times 10^{-3}\), for a spatial CRp distribution that follows the thermal gas and a CRp spectral index \(\alpha_{\rm CRp}=2.3\). Under the optimistic assumption of a pure hadronic origin of the Perseus radio mini-halo and depending on the assumed magnetic field profile, CTA should measure \(\alpha_{\rm CRp}\) down to about \(\Delta\alpha_{\rm CRp}\simeq 0.1\) and the CRp spatial distribution with 10% precision. Regarding DM, CTA should improve the current ground-based gamma-ray DM limits from clusters observations on the velocity-averaged annihilation cross-section by a factor of up to \(\sim 5\), depending on the modelling of DM halo substructure. In the case of decay of DM particles, CTA will explore a new region of the parameter space, reaching models with \(\tau_{\chi}>10^{27}\)s for DM masses above 1 TeV. These constraints will provide unprecedented sensitivity to the physics of both CRp acceleration and transport at cluster scale and to TeV DM particle models, especially in the decay scenario.
We examined the role of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on the bone marrow suppression by irradiation, by analyzing peripheral blood counts 2 weeks after 7 Gy of total body irradiation in rats. The ...rats underwent two weeks of continuous intraperitoneal human recombinant HGF injection (50 mg/day) from one day before irradiation using an Alzet osmotic pump. Red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet counts did not increase with response to administration of HGF. Thus HGF does not show protection against myelosuppression caused by total body irradiation.
Purpose: To evaluate the results of medium-dose-rate (MDR) intracavitary brachytherapy (ICRT) for cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: Between May 1991 and March 2001, 80 patients with cervical ...cancer were treated with external radiotherapy combined with MDR-ICRT. Two patients were excluded from this study. The median age of patients was 61 years (range: 30-87 years). Seventy-five patients had pathologically proved squamous cell carcinoma, and 3 had adenocarcinoma. The patients were staged by UICC classification as follows: Stage IA (2), Stage IB (4), Stage IIA (5), Stage IIB (22), Stage IIIA (1), Stage IIIB (32), Stage IVA (5), Stage IVB (7). Median follow-up for survivor was 68 months (range: 12-131 months). The radition therapy was based on a combination of ICRT and external pelvic irradiation. Patients with stages II, III and IVA were treated with whole-pelvic irradiation with respective total doses of 20, 30, and 40Gy. Doses of 40, 30, 20, and 20 Gy parametrial irradiation were added with central shield pelvic irradiation for stages IB, II, III and IVA lesions respectively. For MDR-ICRT, from May 1991 to December 1995, point A dose were 40Gy/4 fractions for stages I and II, 38Gy/4 fractions for stage III, and 28.5Gy/3 fractions for stage IVA. And from January 1996 to March 2001, point A dose of 36 Gy/4 fractions for stages I and II, 34Gy/4 fractions for stage III, and 25.5Gy/3 fractions for stage IVA. The median dose rate at point A was 1.7Gy/hour (range: 1.3-2.2 Gy/hour). Results: The 5-year cause-specific survival rates were 100%, 76%, 51% and 40% for stages I, II, III and IVA respectively. All patients with stage IVB died from the tumor with a median survival time of 12 months. The 5-year pelvic control rates were 100%, 88%, 69% and 40% for stages I, II, III and IVA respectively. Major late complications occurred in 2 patients (3%). One patient developed vesico-and recto-vaginal fistulae, and died of pelvic infection due to pelvic necrosis without local recurrence 6 years after radiotherapy (Grade 5). Another patient developed perforation of sigmoid colon 9 years after radiotherapy (Grade 4). Minor late complications (Grade 1-2) occurred in 7 patients (9%). Conclusion: MDR-ICRT for cervical cancer can be used as effectively as low-dose-late (LDR) and highdose-rate (HDR) ICRT.
Local control rates for T3 and T4 laryngeal carcinoma treated with radiation alone have been reported as 42 to 63% and 18 to 56%, respectively. We investigated the factors which affect survival and ...local control rates for T3 and T4 laryngeal carcinoma. From 1967 through 1985, 43 advanced laryngeal carcinoma (T3: 14, T4: 29) cases were treated with radical radiotherapy and 35 (T3: 14, T4: 21) with preoperative radiotherapy at the Department of Radiology, Osaka University Hospital. The 5-year cause-specific survival rates for T3 and T4 cases treated with radical radiotherapy were 48% and 52%, and for those treated with preoperative radiation 71% and 43%, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between cause-specific survival rates for cases treated with radical radiotherapy and preoperative groups. The 5-and 10-year cause-specific survival rates for NO cases treated with radical radiation were 67% and 67% and those for N+ cases 42% and 25%, respectively. Causespecific survival rates for NO cases were significantly higher than for N+ cases (p<0.05). The 5-year local control rates for T3 and T4 cases treated with radical radiation were 48% and 24%, respectively. Ultimate local control rates for tumors with invasion of the base of the tongue (13%) were significantly lower than that for those with invasion of other sites (67%)(p=0.034). Nodal metastasis proved to be an important prognostic factor for T3-4 laryngeal carcinoma treated with radical radiation, and base of the tongue invasion for T4 supraglottic carcinoma.
In this case, a new approach for appearance defect inspection using Mahalanobis-Taguchi System was applied. Images from a group of "good" (normal) products were transformed into wave patterns. From ...these normal patterns, "differential characteristic" and "integral characteristic" data were picked up. A Mahalanobis space was constructed using these data. Then, the image of a product to be inspected was transformed into a group of wave patterns, and the differential and integral characteristics were picked up from the patterns. The data from these characteristics were calculated with the said Mahalanobis Space to obtain a Mahalanobis Distance. This is the distance showing the deviation from the good products, and is used to distinguish a defective from good products.
In this paper, a new approach for appearance type defect testing using Mahalanobis-Taguchi System is proposed. ln this approach, the images from a group of good or normal products are transformed ...into wave patterns. From these normal patterns, a type of data called "differential characteristic" and "integral characteristic" are picked up. A Mahalanobis Space is constructed from these data. Next, the image of the product to be inspected is transformed into a wave pattern, the differential and integral characteristics are picked up from the pattern. The data are calculated with the said Mahalanobis Space to obtain a Mahalanobis Distance. This is the distance showing the deviation from the good products. This approach is especially effective for the inspection of disc shaped objects like clutch discs. Our experimental results show that this approach is quite effective.
There are many products such as computers or mobile telephones whose operation buttons or keys are printed with letters. The quality of these printed letters are visually inspected in most cases ...before shipment to find the defects such as hollows or soils. However, it is difficult to clearly define and quantify the defects because of the defect type, location, size and human error, causing disputes between the buyer and the seller. The problem has not been solved yet. It is therefore necessary to develop an automated inspection method which can quantify the quality of printed letters. In this study, Mahalanobis-Taguchi System was used to construct the Mahalanobis space from normal data. Normally printed letters were pre-selected by inspectors and the Mahalanobis space was calculated from the characteristics which were extracted from letter images. The experimental results agreed well with the results of human inspection.
