Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in biological processes and continuous ROS production in normal cells is controlled by the appropriate regulation between the silver lining of low ...and high ROS concentration mediated effects. Interestingly, ROS also dynamically influences the tumor microenvironment and is known to initiate cancer angiogenesis, metastasis, and survival at different concentrations. At moderate concentration, ROS activates the cancer cell survival signaling cascade involving mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1/2 (MAPK/ERK1/2), p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/ protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), which in turn activate the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). At high concentrations, ROS can cause cancer cell apoptosis. Hence, it critically depends upon the ROS levels, to either augment tumorigenesis or lead to apoptosis. The major issue is targeting the dual actions of ROS effectively with respect to the concentration bias, which needs to be monitored carefully to impede tumor angiogenesis and metastasis for ROS to serve as potential therapeutic targets exogenously/endogenously. Overall, additional research is required to comprehend the potential of ROS as an effective anti-tumor modality and therapeutic target for treating malignancies.
Genistein is one among the several other known isoflavones that is found in different soybeans and soy products. The chemical name of genistein is 4',5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone. Genistein has drawn ...attention of scientific community because of its potential beneficial effects on human grave diseases, such as cancer. Mechanistic insight of genistein reveals its potential for apoptotic induction, cell cycle arrest, as well as antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, and anti-inflammatory effects.
The purpose of this review is to unravel and analyze various molecular mechanisms of genistein in diverse cancer models.
English language literature was searched using various databases, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBOSCOhost, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Key words used in various combinations included genistein, cancer, anticancer, molecular mechanisms prevention, treatment,
,
, and clinical studies.
Study selection was carried out strictly in accordance with the statement of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses.
Four authors independently carried out the extraction of articles.
One hundred one papers were found suitable for use in this review.
This review covers various molecular interactions of genistein with various cellular targets in cancer models. It will help the scientific community understand genistein and cancer biology and will provoke them to design novel therapeutic strategies.
Hesperidin belongs to flavanones class of flavonoids and is known to possess broad-spectrum applicability to prevent dreadful diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer. ...The reported anticancer effects of hesperidin have been found to be associated with its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Hesperidin interacts with numerous recognized cellular targets and inhibits cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In addition, evidence has suggested its promising role in inhibiting tumor cell metastasis, angiogenesis, and chemoresistance. The present mini-review highlights the ongoing development to identify hesperidin targets in cancer. Furthermore, the potential of nano technology-based hesperidin combinations and delivery systems will also be discussed. Overall, this review highlights all the possible molecular targets affected by hesperidin in tumor cells on a single platform.
Impact statement
Experimental findings from numerous studies have demonstrated the anticancer effects of hesperidin (Hesp) to be associated with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities along with its potential role in inhibiting the tumor cell metastasis and angiogenesis. Additionally, Hesp can also reverse drug resistance of cancer cells, which make it a promising candidate to be used in combination with existing anti-cancer drugs. This review will be helpful for upcoming researchers and scientific community to find out complete capsular package about cancer drug targets of Hesp and its role in modulating various important hallmarks of cancer.
Nowadays, the emergence of drug resistance is a major problem due to the limited bioavailability and unintended toxicity of antibiotics because of their non-specific targeting, which makes it ...difficult to eradicate pathogenic infections. Zinc oxide nanoparticles gain much attention as nanocarriers due to their non-toxic, eco-friendly, and economical cost to treat severe pathogenic infections. The purpose of this research was to produce and analyze zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) functions using a green synthesis process to evaluate their anti-bacterial and biofilm inhibitory activities against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. ZnONPs were formed via a green synthetic approach using a seed extract of soybean (Glycine max) and nanoparticle characterization was done using FESEM, X-ray diffraction, UV–VIS spectroscopy, and EDAX. The anti-bacterial and biofilm inhibitory activities of ZnONPs, levofloxacin, and levofloxacin-loaded ZnONPs were determined using an agar disc diffusion assay and a microtiter plate assay, respectively. Levofloaxcin-loaded ZnONPs showed more potent and statistically significant antibacterial activity than ZnONPs alone against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis. The bacterial inhibition zone of levofloxacin-loaded ZnONPs at 80 µg/ml concentrations was higher in comparison to the standard levofloxacin and ZnONPs alone, which showed levofloxacin-loaded ZnONPs possess effective antibacterial activity that prevents the growth of diverse microorganisms. Our findings revealed that levofloxacin-loaded ZnONPs have an effective range of antimicrobial effects and could be used for the eradication of pathogenic infections.
Objective: The present study was done to see the effect of biologically synthesized CuO-NPs (Copperoxide nanoparticles) on the growth of bacterial strains.
Methods: Physico-chemical characterization ...of CuO-NPs was done by UV-Vis-spectrophotometer, XRD, FE-SEM, and EDS. The disc plate diffusion assay was used to evaluate the anti-bacterial effect of CuNPs.
Results: This study has shown a promising anti-bacterial activity of biosynthesized CuO-NPs at different concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 µg/ml against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
Conclusion: Nanoparticles (NPs) are small size particles between range 1 to 100 nm which expand their physical and chemical properties due to high surface area. The present study reveals that there may be possible utilization of biosynthesized CuO NPs for the treatment of bacterial infectious disease in near future.
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