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•Fe2O3 NPs were synthesized by chemical and green method.•Calcinated at 200 and 700 °C for maghemite and hematite phase, respectively.•Green Fe2O3 NPs showed higher photocatalytic ...performance for MO and MB dye.•Green Fe2O3 NPs showed higher % scavenging activity for DPPH assay.
In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3-NPs) were synthesized by using chemical and green precipitation methods which were calcinated at 200 and 700 °C temperatures to acquire the maghemite and hematite phases, respectively. In these two different methods, the biomolecules like alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, fatty acids and carbohydrates etc. present in Azadirachta Indica (A. indica) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), respectively, have been reported to act as encapsulating agents for Fe2O3 NPs. XRD, Raman, UV–visible, SEM-EDS, TEM and VSM spectroscopic techniques were used to analyze distinct physical and chemical properties. The synthesized Fe2O3 NPs exist as cubic and rhombohedral crystal lattices with spheroidal shapes having ferrimagnetic and antiferromagnetic properties for maghemite and hematite phases, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of synthesized Fe2O3 NPs was examined against anionic and cationic industrial dyes, methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) under the exposure of UV light. The degradation of MO and MB dyes were recorded up to 98 % and even 99 % in some cases. The antioxidant potential of Fe2O3 NPs has been evaluated up to 57 and 90 % from the chemical and green methods, respectively. Due to its chemical and biological stability, Fe2O3 is the most common photocatalyst used to remove organic pollutants from wastewater. The results of the current investigation showed that the photocatalytic and antioxidant activities of synthesized Fe2O3 NPs are significantly influenced by the encapsulation of NPs by PVP in chemical and A. indica in green precipitation methods.
Out pouching of the urethral wall could be congenital or acquired. Male urethral diverticulum (UD) is a rare entity. We present 2 cases of acquired and 1 case of congenital male UD. Case 1A: 40 year ...male presented with SPC and dribbling urine. Clinically he had hard perineal swelling. RGU revealed large diverticulum in proximal bulbar, irregular narrow distal urethra and stricture just beyond diverticulum. Managed with perineal exploration, stone removal, diverticulum repair and urethroplasty using excess diverticular wall. Case 2A: 30 year male with obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Retrograde urethrogram (RGU) revealed bulbar urethral diverticulum akin to anterior urethral valve, managed endoscopically. 1 year follow up urine stream satisfactory. Case 3A: 27 year male previously operated large proximal bulbar urethral stone with incontinence. RGU large proximal bulbar UD with wide open sphincter. Treated with excision of excess diverticular wall and penile clamp with pelvic exercises for incontinence. Congenital UD develops due to imperfect closure of urethral fold, Acquired UDs occurs secondary to stricture, infection, trauma, long standing impacted urethral stones or scrotal / skin flap urethroplasties. RGU and MCU are the best diagnostic technique to confirm and characterize the UD. Urethral diverticulectomy with urethral reconstruction is the recommended treatment for UD. UD is a rare entity. Especially in males, congenital are even more rare. Management should be individualized. Surgery can involve innovation and/or surgical modifications. We used excess diverticular flap for stricture urethroplasty in one case.
Aquatic pollution refers to any water that has been used and discarded in different water bodies by industrial and commercial activities which contains a wide range of toxic substances and required ...treatment so that water can be safely reused for various purposes. In present paper, polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and plant Tinospora Cordifolia (T. Cordifolia) encapsulated dual doped cobalt-copper titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Co-Cu TNPs) has been synthesized via microwave-assisted method for the degradation aquatic pollutant dyes: Methyl Orange (MO) & Methylene Blue (MB). Using the encapsulated dual doped Co-Cu TNPs, free radical assays (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl: DPPH; Hydrogen peroxide: HP & Nitric oxide: NO) were also performed. Several physicochemical properties of encapsulated TNPs were examined using a variety of characterization techniques that helps in photocatalytic and antioxidant activity. The encapsulated TNPs exhibit tetragonal crystal lattice having average particles size between 25 and 38 nm with spherical shape morphology. The bandgap of encapsulated dual doped Co-Cu TNPs was found in the range of 3.25-3.29 eV. The binding of encapsulated dual doped Co-Cu TNPs were also calculated by using XPS which confirms the presence of dopants. The photocatalytic activity was performed with using control experiment and using encapsulated dual doped Co-Cu TNPs against MO and MB dyes. The results revealed that the degradation was observed up to 100% for the both MO and MB dyes. Also, antioxidant activity of encapsulated dual doped Co-Cu TNPs was observed against the DPPH, HO and NO assays.
Recently, the biopolymer cellulose-based versatile materials are investigated for multifunctional clean and sustainable environmental technologies. Because of unique structure and chemical ...properties, nano-cellulosic materials and cellulose by-products can be obtained through various physical and chemical processes, making such materials more abundant. Consequently, cellulose-based materials are widely scalable in various aspects like coatings, fabrics, research laboratories, healthcare products, and pharmaceuticals. Moreover, the cellulose-based sustainable materials are easy to tailor and handle with high mechanical strength and biodegradable features. Such materials have also been used to create adaptable and transparent catalysts for wastewater treatment and environmental applications. This review article, therefore, focussed on the functionalization techniques of sustainable cellulosic material with specific emphasis on nano- structures for multifunctional applications in various fields. The frontiers and challenges of advanced nano-cellulosic materials for clean and sustainable environmental technologies also form the subject matter of the review. The innovative improvements in such materials are critical to transforming and promoting the technologies in practice.
•Advanced cellulose-based sustainable nano-materials are summarized.•Physical, chemical, and biological techno-innovative methods are discussed.•Multifunctionality of nano-cellulose in various fields has been discussed.•Nano-cellulosic materials for clean and sustainable environmental technologies.
In this paper, TiO2 NPs has been fabricated by via microwave-assisted chemically and biologically methods. The anatase and rutile phases of TiO2 NPs were obtained by calcinating them at temperatures ...of 400 and 700 °C, respectively. In these two different approaches, the biomolecules like alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, etc. present in Tinospora Cordifolia (TC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), respectively, have been reported to act as stabilizing agents for TiO2 NPs. XRD, Raman, UV–visible, SEM-EDS and TEM spectroscopic techniques were used to analyze distinct physical and chemical properties. The so-synthesized TiO2 NPs exist as tetragonal crystal lattice with spheroidal shape and sizes between 8 and 40 and 15–98 nm. Under the influence of UV light, the photocatalytic activity was examined against two common industrial dyes, methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) by using synthesized TiO2 NPs. Up to 98% and even 100% of MO and MB dye degradation have been seen in rare circumstances. The antioxidant potential of TiO2 NPs has been evaluated up to 91% and 74% from the biologically and chemically methods, respectively.
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•TiO2 NPs synthesized via microwave assisted chemical and green methods.•Encapsulation was done with PVP and biomolecules of plant source.•Anatase and rutile phases of TiO2 NPs have been obtained.•Biologically fabricated NPs show high photocatalytic activity for dyes (MO and MB).•Scavenging data are in favor of biological method of synthesis of NPs.
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•Cost-effective microwave assisted green route is used to synthesize CuO/Cu2O-ZnO NCs.•Morphology controlled applications of NCs.•NCs exhibited excellent photocatalytic, antibacterial ...and antioxidant applications.•Rod shaped coral reefs like NCs were more effective against activities.
This research paper presents the antibacterial, photocatalytic, and antioxidant applications of biologically synthesized CuO/Cu2O-ZnO (90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40) nanocomposites synthesized using Commelina benghalensis leaf extract. The rod-shaped and coral reef-like morphology was characterized using advanced imaging techniques like transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy revealed average size of poly-crystalline structures from 4.17 to 6.39 nm. TEM also analyzed average particle size of 8–25 nm. The energy band gap values are measured between 2.51 and 3.11 eV from UV–Visible spectroscopic technique. The antibacterial activity of the nanocomposites was determined against pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, and the results showed significant inhibition of bacterial growth. The antioxidant activity of the nanocomposites was evaluated using ascorbic acid as a standard, and the results upto 97.53 % scavenging indicated their potential use as natural antioxidants. The photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposites was investigated by degrading organic pollutants, methyl orange and methylene blue upto 97.63 and 96.23 %, respectively, under visible light irradiation. The results showed the efficient degradation of pollutants by the nanocomposites, indicating their potential in environmental remediation. Overall, this study demonstrates the promising applications of biologically synthesized metal oxide nanocomposites in various fields, including medicine, food packaging, and environmental remediation. These findings could pave new insights into the morphology-dependent applications of biologically synthesized nanocomposites.
Introduction: Uroflowmetry is the objective method of measuring rate of urine flow. Nomograms are required to observe the change in flow rates at different voided volumes (VVs) and the use of which ...overcomes the limitation of referencing flow rates to any single VV. The purpose of the present study was to construct the Indian uroflow nomogram for adult healthy males between 15-40 years of age.
Methods: A total of 1000 healthy males between 15 and 40 years of age were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were any urinary symptoms or urological intervention. Parameters analyzed statistically were age, peak flow rate (Q max ), average flow rate (Q avg ), and VV. A nomogram was drawn for the fitted regression model.
Results: The mean age was 27.26 6.71 years. The mean Q max , Q avg , and VV were 24.32 3.50 ml/s, 9.45 2.55 ml/s, and 420.93 97.89 ml, respectively. The correlation between flow rates and VV was statistically significant, indicating that the higher the VV, the higher the flow rates. A negative significant correlation of Q max with age was seen in our study. We observed a decline of Q max by 1 ml/s/decade. The relationship of Q max with VV is in linear progression up to 600 ml, and then it becomes a plateau and with higher VV it declined.
Conclusion: Q max exhibits significant correlation with VV and age. A nomogram was constructed to attain normal reference values of flow rate over different VVs.
The bimetallic CuO/Cu
2
O-ZnO nanocomposites (NCs) were synthesized using
Ipomoea carnea
leaf extract. The Cu and Zn were mixed in ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40, and the mixture was heated ...under controlled microwave conditions (2.45 GHz and 700 W). Various spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the synthesized samples. The XRD patterns confirmed crystallinity, and the size of the synthesized CuO/Cu
2
O-ZnO NCs was estimated to be in the range of 7–24 nm. SEM images showed well-defined star, spherical, and flower-like shapes, while TEM analysis revealed the size of the NCs to be between 8–50 nm. The presence of elemental and organic compositions was confirmed by EDX and FTIR analysis. The energy band gaps ranged between 1.47–2.9 eV, while the stability of the CuO/Cu
2
O-ZnO NCs was found to be in the range of − 15.7 to − 26.9 mV based on zeta potential values. XPS analysis confirmed the purity of the synthesized materials. Antibacterial activity against human pathogens,
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli,
and
Bacillus subtilis
, was demonstrated using the well diffusion method. Additionally, the 90:10 CuO/Cu
2
O-ZnO NCs exhibited high photocatalytic degradation efficiency for methyl orange (96.45%) and methylene blue (98.96%) dyes within 45 min. However, the maximum antioxidant activity (99.77%) was observed in the case of 60:40 CuO/Cu
2
O-ZnO NCs.
In this present report, we have extensively forecasted thermodynamic, magneto-electronic and structural properties of new Co-based full-Heuslers with the help of density functional theory. The stable ...ground state and cohesive energy approve the stability in Fm-3 m ferromagnetic phase possessing a direct forbidden bandgap within mBJ functional. Band profile and density of states define half-metallic character conveying typical polarity of spin in Co
2
RuAl and Co
2
RhAl Heuslers. The projected electronic structure results reveal that these materials possess p-type direct half-metallic gap with E
g
= 0.80 eV for Co
2
RuAl and 0.61 eV for Co
2
RhAl. Also, complete and precise description of thermophysical behaviour of the vital quantities like thermal expansion, Gruneisen parameter and specific heat was examined using quasi-harmonic Debye approximation. The typical ground state properties of such materials may renovate spin electronic applicability and hold the possibility of their synthesis experimentally for future technological applications.
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