Samples of the bimetallic-based NH2-MIL-125(Ti) at a ratio of Mn+/Ti4+ is 0.15 (Mn+: Ni2+, Co2+ and Fe3+) were first synthesized using the solvothermal method. Their fundamental properties were ...analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption–desorption measurements, and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). The as-acquired materials were used as high-efficiency heterogeneous photocatalysts to remove Rhodamine B (RhB) dye under visible light. The results verified that 82.4% of the RhB (3 × 10−5 M) was degraded within 120 min by 15% Fe/Ti−MOFs. Furthermore, in the purpose of degrading Rhodamine B (RhB), the rate constant for the 15% Fe/Ti-MOFs was found to be 2.6 times as fast as that of NH2-MIL-125(Ti). Moreover, the 15% Fe/Ti-MOFs photocatalysts remained stable after three consecutive cycles. The trapping test demonstrated that the major active species in the degradation of the RhB process were hydroxyl radicals (HO∙) and holes (h+).
Hypovolemic shock (dengue shock syndrome (DSS)) is the most common life-threatening complication of dengue. We conducted a genome-wide association study of 2,008 pediatric cases treated for DSS and ...2,018 controls from Vietnam. Replication of the most significantly associated markers was carried out in an independent Vietnamese sample of 1,737 cases and 2,934 controls. SNPs at two loci showed genome-wide significant association with DSS. We identified a susceptibility locus at MICB (major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I polypeptide-related sequence B), which was within the broad MHC region on chromosome 6 but outside the class I and class II HLA loci (rs3132468, Pmeta = 4.41 × 10−11, per-allele odds ratio (OR) = 1.34 (95% confidence interval: 1.23-1.46)). We identified associated variants within PLCE1 (phospholipase C, epsilon 1) on chromosome 10 (rs3765524, Pmeta = 3.08 × 10−10, per-allele OR = 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.75-0.86)). We identify two loci associated with susceptibility to DSS in people with dengue, suggesting possible mechanisms for this severe complication of dengue.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The present study focused on the synthesis of novel NH2-PC700 adsorbent through the pyrolysis of NH2-MIL-88B (Fe) material under different pyrolysis temperatures (500, 700, and 900 °C) and ...investigated its application for ciprofloxacin adsorption. The obtained adsorbents were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm measurements. The parameters of the adsorption experiments that affect the removal efficiency, including solution pH (3–10), contact time (0–240 min), and initial concentration (10–40 mg/L), were also studied in detail. For the adsorption kinetic and isotherm studies, nonlinear models combined with error functions such as adjusted coefficient of determination (Radj2), mean relative error (MRE), and squares of the errors (SSE) were used to evaluate the compatibility between kinetic models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and Bangham) and isotherm (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevitch) adsorption equations. Besides, the role of amino functionalization for the ciprofloxacin (CFX) adsorption of NH2-PC700 adsorbent was also explained. Through the Langmuir model, the maximum CFX adsorption capacity of NH2-PC700 was calculated to be 102.5 mg/g, considerably higher than that of NH2-MIL-88B (Fe). This outcome suggested that NH2-PC700 could be a promising adsorbent for the CFX remediation.
•The novel NH2-PC700 was synthesized from amino-functionalized metal-organic frameworks.•Nonlinear kinetic and isotherm models were fitted well.•Adsorption behavior obeyed pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models.•The maximum ciprofloxacin adsorption capacity was calculated to be 102.5 mg/g.
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The widespread application of triazole fungicides (TFs) in agricultural practices can result in the considerable accumulation of active compound residues in the soil and a subsequent negative impact ...on the soil microbiota and crop health. In this study, we isolated three TF-degrading bacterial strains from contaminated agricultural soils and identified them as
sp.,
sp., and
sp. based on analysis of morphological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequences. The strains used three common TFs, namely hexaconazole, difenoconazole, and propiconazole, as their only sources of carbon and energy for growth in a liquid mineral salt medium, with high concentrations (~ 500 mg/l) of each TF. In addition to the ability to degrade fungicides, the isolates also exhibited plant growth-promoting characteristics, such as nitrogen fixation, indole acetic acid production, phosphate dissolution, and cellulose degradation. The synergistic combination of three bacterial isolates significantly improved plant growth and development with an increased survival rate (57%), and achieved TF degradation ranging from 85.83 to 96.59% at a concentration of approximately 50 mg/kg of each TF within 45 days in the soil-plant system. Based on these findings, the three strains and their microbial consortium show promise for application in biofertilizers, to improve soil health and facilitate optimal plant growth.
A novel iron-modified biochar (FMBC) derived from rice straw was synthesized using FeCl3 modification for efficient As(V) removal from aqueous solution. FTIR and SEM-EDX analyses were carried out to ...determine the mechanism involved in the removal process and also demonstrated that Fe had loaded successfully on the surface of modified biochar. The iron-modified biochar showed higher arsenic removal ability than the raw biochar. The iron-modified biochar showed a maximum adsorption with an initial solution pH of 5.0. Moreover, for the tested biochar, the As(V) removal kinetics data were well fitted by the pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, the As(V) removal data upon being well fitted by the Langmuir model showed the maximal removal capacity of 28.49 mg/g. The simple preparation process and high adsorption performance suggest that the iron-modified biochar derived from rice straw could be served as an effective, inexpensive, and environmentally sustainable adsorbent to replace typical granular activated carbon (AC) for As(III) removal from aqueous solution.
BACKGROUND:Understanding viral etiology and age-specific incidence of acute respiratory infections in infants can help identify risk groups and inform vaccine delivery, but community-based data is ...lacking from tropical settings.
METHODS:One thousand four hundred and seventy-eight infants in urban Ho Chi Minh City and 981 infants in a semi-rural district in southern Vietnam were enrolled at birth and followed to 1 year of age. Acute respiratory infection (ARI) episodes were identified through clinic-based illness surveillance, hospital admissions and self-reports. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from infants with respiratory symptoms and tested for 14 respiratory pathogens using multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS:Estimated incidence of ARI was 542 and 2691 per 1000 infant-years, and hospitalization rates for ARI were 81 and 138 per 1000 infant-years, in urban and semi-rural cohorts, respectively, from clinic- and hospital-based surveillance. However self-reported ARI episodes were just 1.5-fold higher in the semi-rural versus urban cohort, indicating that part of the urban–rural difference was explained by under-ascertainment in the urban cohort. Incidence was higher in infants ≥6 months of age than <6 months, but this was pathogen-specific. One or more viruses were detected in 53% (urban) and 64% (semi-rural) of samples from outpatients with ARI and in 78% and 66% of samples from hospitalized ARI patients, respectively. The most frequently detected viruses were rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus A and bocavirus. ARI-associated hospitalizations were associated with longer stays and more frequent ICU admission than other infections.
CONCLUSIONS:ARI is a significant cause of morbidity in Vietnamese infants and influenza virus A is an under-appreciated cause of vaccine-preventable disease and hospitalizations in this tropical setting. Public health strategies to reduce infant ARI incidence and hospitalization rates are needed.
Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in surface sediment from five estuaries of central ...coasts of Vietnam to understand the spatial distributions and seasonal variations. The contamination pattern was in the order: PCBs (9.72–3730 ng g−1 dry wt.) > PBDEs (11.8–311 ng g−1 dry wt.) > DDTs (0.462–26.7 ng g−1 dry wt.) > HCHs (0.491–22.6 ng g−1 dry wt.) > endosulfan compounds (0.196–19.4 ng g−1 dry wt.). DDTs and HCHs showed a little geographical variation, whereas PCBs and PBDEs exhibited clearer spatial distribution trend. Elevated concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs were detected in some sites in Nghe An and Quang Binh Province, which could be related to the human activities such as tourism, transportation, and domestic consumption. Seasonal variations of DDTs and HCHs were observed, showing higher residues in rainy seasons.
•POP spatial-seasonal distribution was investigated in Vietnamese coastal surface sediment.•POP concentrations decreased in the order: PCBs > PBDEs > OCPs.•Seasonal variations of DDTs and HCHs accumulation were observed with higher concentrations in rainy/summer season.
Estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are natural hormones, synthetic compounds or industrial chemicals that mimic estrogens due to their structural similarity with estrogen's functional ...moieties. They typically enter aquatic environments through wastewater treatment plant effluents or runoff from intensive livestock operations. Globally, most natural and synthetic estrogens in receiving aquatic environments are in the low ng/L range, while industrial chemicals (such as bisphenol A, nonylphenol and octylphenol) are present in the μg to low mg/L range. These environmental concentrations often exceed laboratory-based predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) and have been evidenced to cause negative reproductive impacts on resident aquatic biota. In vertebrates, such as fish, a well-established indicator of estrogen-mediated endocrine disruption is overexpression of the egg yolk protein precursor vitellogenin (Vtg) in males. Although the vertebrate Vtg has high sensitivity and specificity to estrogens, and the molecular basis of its estrogen inducibility has been well studied, there is growing ethical concern over the use of vertebrate animals for contaminant monitoring. The potential utility of the invertebrate Vtg as a biomonitor for environmental estrogens has therefore gained increasing attention. Here we review evidence providing support that the molluscan Vtg holds promise as an invertebrate biomarker for exposure to estrogens. Unlike vertebrates, estrogen signalling in invertebrates remains largely unclarified and the classical genomic pathway only partially explains estrogen-mediated activation of Vtg. In light of this, in the latter part of this review, we summarise recent progress towards understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of the molluscan Vtg gene by estrogens and present a hypothetical model of the interplay between genomic and non-genomic pathways in the transcriptional regulation of the gene.
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•Environmental concentrations of estrogenic EDCs exceed lab-based PNECs.•Estrogenic EDCs impart negative reproductive impacts on resident aquatic biota.•Molluscan Vtg is induced upon exposure to estrogens in the lab and field.•Estrogens likely induce Vtg via receptor mediated non-genomic & genomic mechanisms.•More research establishing reliability of the molluscan Vtg biomarker is required.
Molluscan vitellogenin holds promise as a biomarker for exposure and effect of estrogenic EDCs, but the molecular mechanisms of estrogen-mediated vitellogenesis require elucidation.
Incineration plants for electricity generation have offered a solution to the challenges of domestic solid waste treatment in many countries. However, their emissions, fly ash (FA) and bottom ash ...(BA), have had a detrimental impact on environmental quality. This study investigated the morphology, element composition, and concentration of metals in FA and BA from municipal solid waste incineration plants using scanning electronic microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques. It also evaluated the distribution ratios of metal species across five fractions: exchangeable, carbonate-bound, oxide-bound, organic-bound, and sulfide-bound, and residual. The total metal content in both FA and BA was comparable, with calcium having the highest concentration (28,170–135,130 mg·kg
dry weight) and silver having the lowest (5.26–19.3 mg·kg
dry weight). However, the percentage proportion of metals differed between the extracted fractions. Except for cadmium in FA, ecological risk assessment indicated low direct bioavailability and potential risk of metals in both FA and BA. These findings contribute to the hazard assessment of FA and BA generated from waste incinerators and provide a scientific basis for developing treatment techniques for this type of waste.
Natural graphite, a locally available, eco-friendly, and low-cost carbonaceous source, can be easily transformed into exfoliated graphite (EG) with many surface functional groups via a chemical ...oxidation route. Combination between EG and magnetic MnFe2O4 is a promising strategy to create a hybrid kind of nanocomposite (EG@MnFe2O4) for the efficient adsorptive removal of Congo red (CR) dye from water. Here, we reported the facile synthesis and characterization of chemical bonds of EG@MnFe2O4 using several techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In particular, the quantity method by Boehm titration was employed to identify the content of functional groups: Carboxylic acid (0.044 mmol/g), phenol (0.032 mmol/g), lactone (0.020 mmol/g), and total base (0.0156 mmol/g) on the surface of EG@MnFe2O4. Through the response surface methodology-optimized models, we found a clear difference in the adsorption capacity between EG-decorated MnFe2O4 (62.0 mg/g) and MnFe2O4 without EG decoration (11.1 mg/g). This result was also interpreted via a proposed mechanism to elucidate the contribution of surface functional groups of EG@MnFe2O4 to adsorption efficiency towards CR dye.
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