This paper overviews the role of exotic fishes in providing ecosystem services such as employment, economy, efficiency, exchange and equity using various case studies in the Indian subcontinent in a ...socio-economic perspective. Case study I identified that the culture period of exotics especially Tilapia species (i.e., 180–200 days) created a total labour requirement of 840 labour days compared to agricultural labour. Case study II identified a 20% increase in contribution of share of the fisheries sector during 2010–2019 to the country’s national Gross Value Added (GVA) due to exotics. Case III found that the fisheries export earnings of exotics in fiscal year 2019–20 increased to over 6678.69 million USD from 2132.84 million USD in 2009–2010. Case study IV identified greater involvement of women in fish farming activities, especially 2% in intensive aquaculture and 50% in extensive aquaculture. The current systematic review attempted to highlight that exotic fishes have a productive role in steering the regional economy through providing basic tangible ecosystem services that may be identified in monetary terms. The identification and evaluation of aquaculture-based ecosystem services provided by exotic fishes often leads to a dilemma whether to ban or promote the culture of such exotic fish species. Previous studies revealed that the economic impacts of aquatic exotic species are significantly positively correlated with their ecological impacts. Unfortunately, assessment of ecological impacts required evaluation of losses due to exotics or ecosystem services offered by exotics, which was greatly lacking across globe. This review summarizes the positive effects of exotics taking ecosystem services into account, despite the need for controlling invasive species for the ecology.
•The paper highlights the trade-offs in banning exotic fishes by considering the socio-ecological consequences.•Exotic aquaculture helped in identifying the employment opportunities further ensuring the betterment of family income.•The study remarked that exotic fishes helped to increase the current foreign exchange drastically.•The introduction of exotics in aquaculture helped in improving the technical and performance efficiency of farming systems.•The study considers the positive ecosystem services of exotics as the species ensures better nutrition and livelihood to the poorest community.
Tropical inland capture fisheries are susceptible to a series of vulnerabilities such as habitat destruction, biodiversity loss, pollution, overfishing, invasive species and anthropogenic climate ...change. A comprehensive review of the impact of climatic uncertainties on Indian inland fisheries has not been adequately attempted yet. Recent approaches emphasizing ecosystem-based management in a regional context, specific to inland fisheries for combating climatic changes, have not been reported to date. The paper presents a critical bibliometric review of the climatic vulnerabilities faced by Indian inland fishery resources and various adaptive and mitigation strategies put forward by the country for the sustainability of the resources. In this communication, a systematic review of the impact of climate change and other stressors on various inland ecosystems of the subcontinent and the ecosystem-based management strategies adopted in India is presented and discussed.
The present study taken up in two reservoirs in India namely Peechi and Pothundi reservoir assess the vulnerabilities and various management aspects adopted in two reservoirs. Peechi reservoir ...situated in Peechi-Vazhani wildlife sanctuary was prevented from all fishery enhancement programmes. Pothundi reservoir, a manmade tropical lake though encompassed in Western Ghats biosphere was regularly stocked with Indian Major Carps. Livelihood survey was carried out on the fishers of Peechi and Pothundi reservoirs with the help of a structured schedule. The survey encompassed demographic information, particulars on fisheries and details on economic and marketing aspects of respective reservoir fisheries. The marketing part of the schedule dealt with ranking of various problems faced by the fishermen in the reservoirs using Garrette ranking. Out of the various socio-ecological vulnerabilities of reservoir fisheries communities that was analysed in this study, varied stakeholder interest, human and wild life interference and irregular stocking of fish were identified as the major vulnerabilities faced by them. Relevance of various strategies suggested by fishers in Peechi and Pothundi reservoirs estimated using RFMI (Reservoir fisheries management index) concluded that regular and continuous fish stocking (technical driver) along with allowing gender equity in land based fish production centres (social driver) was suggested as the appropriate strategy to augment the fisher's income from Pothundi reservoir. The study suggested for a possible intervention by practicing fishing holidays in Peechi reservoir during lean months and substituting the lost income with alternative livelihood programmes. The RFMI values for Peechi and Pothundi reservoirs were 52.12 and 68.57 respectively. The study thus emphasized a bottom approach where in the importance of planning at primary stake holders level is ensured. The relevant research ensured adoption of these strategies in local scale along with policy window would definitely provide a better management of reservoir fisheries in tropical countries.
The present study assessed the occurrence and impact of heat waves on the ecology of two ecosystems namely Bhomra wetland and Ganga River stretch, India. The water samples collected from these ...ecosystems were analyzed for estimating the hydrological and biological variables during heat wave. The inland heat index (IHI) was derived from the climatic variables, relative humidity and temperature. The study indicated the predominant and periodic occurrence of inland heat waves (IHW) with indices ranging from 34.8 to 42.8 °C and 35.9 to 43.5 °C at the Bhomra and Ganga River stretch respectively during the summer months (March–June). The first two components of the principal component analysis of physico-chemical parameters and heat index explained 45.6% and 59% of the variation in the Bhomra and Ganga River stretch respectively. PCA showed a similar pattern in variation of IHWs and dissolved oxygen, nutrients, hardness and alkalinity, but a distinct pattern with conductivity and TDS in the wetland. IHW exhibited a similar pattern of variation with TDS, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH and hardness and distinct pattern with alkalinity, phosphate and nitrate in the river stretch. The first two components of PCA of IHI and plankton abundance explained 89% of the variation and IHI had a similar pattern of variation with the abundance of diatoms and a diverse pattern of variation with blue-green and green algae in the studied ecosystems which might affect the food availability of the associated fishes. The study suggests that IHW influences the water quality and primary producers and also summarizes the impact of IHW on ecosystem services and necessitates mitigation measures.
Patients with paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) constitute one of the largest cohorts requiring transition from paediatric to adult services. Standardised transition care improves short and ...long-term patient outcomes. This study aimed to detail the current state of transition services for IBD in the United Kingdom (UK).
We performed a nationwide study to ascertain current practice, facilities and resources for children and young people with IBD. Specialist paediatric IBD centres were invited to contribute data on: timing of transition/transfer of care; transition resources available including clinics, staff and patient information; planning for future improvement.
Twenty of 21 (95%) of invited centres responded. Over 90% of centres began the transition process below 16 years of age and all had completed transfer to adult care at 18 years of age. The proportion of patients in the transition process at individual centres varied from 10% to 50%.Joint clinics were held in every centre, with a mean of 12.9 clinics per year. Adult and paediatric gastroenterologists attended at all sites. Availability of additional team members was patchy across the UK, with dietetic, psychological and surgical attendance available in <50% centres. A structured transition tool was used in 75% of centres. Sexual health, contraception and pregnancy were discussed by <60% of teams.
This study provides real-world clinical data on UK-wide transition services. These data can be used to develop a national strategy to complement current transition guidelines, focused on standardising services whilst allowing for local implementation.
Purpose
To assess the nutritional profile of denture wearers through a retrospective cohort study using nutritional biomarkers from matched electronic dental and health record (EDR‐EHR) data.
...Materials and methods
The case group (denture wearers) included matched EDR‐EHR data of patients who received removable partial, complete, and implant‐supported prosthodontic treatments between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018, study time. The control (nondenture wearers) group did not have recorded denture treatments and included patient records within 1 year of the denture index date (first date of case patients’ receiving complete or partial denture) of the matching cases. The qualified patients’ EDR were matched with their EHR based on the availability of laboratory reports within 2 years of receiving the dentures (index date). Nutritional biomarkers were selected from laboratory reports for complete blood count, comprehensive and basic metabolic profile, lipid, and thyroid panels. Summary statistics were performed, and general linear mixed effect models were used to evaluate the rate of change over time (slope) of nutritional biomarkers before and after the index date. Likelihood ratio tests were performed to determine the differences between dentures and controls.
Results
The final cohort included 10,481 matched EDR‐EHR data with 3,519 denture wearers and 6,962 controls that contained laboratory results within the study time. The denture wearers’ mean age was 57 ±10 years and the control group was 56 ±10 years with 55% females in both groups. Pre‐post analysis among denture wearers revealed decreased serum albumin (p = 0.002), calcium (p = 0.039), creatinine (p < 0.001) during the post‐index time. Hemoglobin (Hb) was higher pre‐index, and was decreasing during the time period but did not change post‐index (p < 0.001). Among denture wearers, completely edentulous patients had a significant decrease in serum albumin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), but increased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In partially edentulous patients, total cholesterol decreased (p = 0.018) and TSH (p = 0.004), BUN (p < 0.001) increased post‐index. Patients edentulous in either upper or lower arch had decreased BUN and eGFR during post‐index. Compared to controls, denture wearers showed decreased serum albumin and protein (p = 0.008), serum calcium (p = 0.001), and controls showed increased Hb (p = 0.035) during post‐index.
Conclusions
The study results indicate nutritional biomarker variations among denture wearers suggesting a risk for undernutrition and the potential of using selected nutritional biomarkers to monitor nutritional profile.
This paper describes a Smart Crop Monitoring system implemented using Internet of Things (IoT) for sensing environmental conditions and forwarding the data, Machine Learning to generate decisions for ...crop management based on the data, Cloud for storage and an Android application interface for operation of the system.
The emerging operational role of the "Chief Clinical Informatics Officer" (CCIO) remains heterogeneous with individuals deriving from a variety of clinical settings and backgrounds. The CCIO is ...defined in title, responsibility, and scope of practice by local organizations. The term encompasses the more commonly used Chief Medical Informatics Officer (CMIO) and Chief Nursing Informatics Officer (CNIO) as well as the rarely used Chief Pharmacy Informatics Officer (CPIO) and Chief Dental Informatics Officer (CDIO).
The American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) identified a need to better delineate the knowledge, education, skillsets, and operational scope of the CCIO in an attempt to address the challenges surrounding the professional development and the hiring processes of CCIOs.
An AMIA task force developed knowledge, education, and operational skillset recommendations for CCIOs focusing on the common core aspect and describing individual differences based on Clinical Informatics focus. The task force concluded that while the role of the CCIO currently is diverse, a growing body of Clinical Informatics and increasing certification efforts are resulting in increased homogeneity. The task force advised that 1.) To achieve a predictable and desirable skillset, the CCIO must complete clearly defined and specified Clinical Informatics education and training. 2.) Future education and training must reflect the changing body of knowledge and must be guided by changing day-to-day informatics challenges.
A better defined and specified education and skillset for all CCIO positions will motivate the CCIO workforce and empower them to perform the job of a 21st century CCIO. Formally educated and trained CCIOs will provide a competitive advantage to their respective enterprise by fully utilizing the power of Informatics science.
ABSTRACT
Objectives:
Patients with paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) constitute one of the largest cohorts requiring transition from paediatric to adult services. Standardised transition ...care improves short and long‐term patient outcomes. This study aimed to detail the current state of transition services for IBD in the United Kingdom (UK).
Methods:
We performed a nationwide study to ascertain current practice, facilities and resources for children and young people with IBD. Specialist paediatric IBD centres were invited to contribute data on: timing of transition/transfer of care; transition resources available including clinics, staff and patient information; planning for future improvement.
Results:
Twenty of 21 (95%) of invited centres responded. Over 90% of centres began the transition process below 16 years of age and all had completed transfer to adult care at 18 years of age. The proportion of patients in the transition process at individual centres varied from 10% to 50%.
Joint clinics were held in every centre, with a mean of 12.9 clinics per year. Adult and paediatric gastroenterologists attended at all sites. Availability of additional team members was patchy across the UK, with dietetic, psychological and surgical attendance available in <50% centres. A structured transition tool was used in 75% of centres. Sexual health, contraception and pregnancy were discussed by <60% of teams.
Conclusions:
This study provides real‐world clinical data on UK‐wide transition services. These data can be used to develop a national strategy to complement current transition guidelines, focused on standardising services whilst allowing for local implementation.
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of conducting clinical research using electronic dental record (EDR) data from U.S. solo and small-group general dental ...practices in the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network (network) and evaluate the data completeness and correctness before performing survival analyses of root canal treatment (RCT) and posterior composite restorations (PCR).
Methods
Ninety-nine network general dentistry practices that used Dentrix or EagleSoft EDR shared de-identified data of patients who received PCR and/or RCT on permanent teeth through October 31, 2015. We evaluated the data completeness and correctness, summarized practice, and patient characteristics and summarized the two treatments by tooth type and arch location.
Results
Eighty-two percent of practitioners were male, with a mean age of 49 and 22.4 years of clinical experience. The final dataset comprised 217,887 patients and 11,289,594 observations, with the observation period ranging from 0 to 37 years. Most patients (73%) were 18 to 64 years old; 56% were female. The data were nearly 100% complete. Eight percent of observations had incorrect data, such as incorrect tooth number or surface, primary teeth, supernumerary teeth, and tooth ranges, indicating multitooth procedures instead of PCR or RCT. Seventy-three percent of patients had dental insurance information; 27% lacked any insurance information. While gender was documented for all patients, race/ethnicity was missing in the dataset.
Conclusion
This study established the feasibility of using EDR data integrated from multiple distinct solo and small-group network practices for longitudinal studies to assess treatment outcomes. The results laid the groundwork for a learning health system that enables practitioners to learn about their patients' outcomes by using data from their own practice.
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