In this randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving 435 adolescents and adults with meningitis in Vietnam, the use of adjunctive dexamethasone did not reduce the rate of death or disability at 6 ...months. In subgroup analyses, a benefit of treatment was seen in patients with confirmed bacterial meningitis, whereas harm was identified in those with probable bacterial meningitis.
In this trial in Vietnam, the use of adjunctive dexamethasone did not reduce the rate of death or disability at 6 months. In subgroup analyses, a benefit of treatment was seen in patients with confirmed bacterial meningitis, whereas harm was identified in those with probable bacterial meningitis.
Pyogenic bacterial meningitis has neurologic sequelae or is fatal in 30% of affected patients.
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Animal models of the disease suggest that the subarachnoid inflammatory response contributes to morbidity and mortality
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and that corticosteroids may improve the outcome by attenuating this response. However, confirming this effect in humans has proved difficult.
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We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Vietnam to determine whether adjunctive dexamethasone improves the outcome in adolescents and adults with bacterial meningitis.
A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials of corticosteroids for bacterial meningitis that were reported between 1966 and 2001 concluded that corticosteroids reduced the rates of death, . . .
Scrub typhus has been documented since 1932 in Vietnam, however, the disease burden of scrub typhus remains poorly understood in the country. We conducted this study to describe the phylogenetic ...analysis of the 56-kDa type-specific antigen (TSA) gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi associated with PCR positive cases of scrub typhus. Of 116 positive samples, 65 type-specific antigen gene sequences were obtained and classified into 3 genogroups: Karp, Kato and Gilliam. The Karp genogroup was the most frequently detected phylogenetic cluster in the study with 30 samples (46%), followed by Kato and Gilliam with 20 (31%) and 15 (23%), respectively. All sequences showed 94-100% nucleotide similarity to reference sequences collected in the central part of Vietnam in 2017. Patients infected with Karp genogroup were more likely to have significant thrombocytopenia than the other genogroups. These results suggest that any scrub typhus vaccine considered for use in Vietnam should provide protection against each of these 3 genogroups.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Benzosiloles and their π-extended derivatives are present in many important advanced materials due to their excellent physical properties. Especially, they have found many potential applications in ...the development of novel electronic materials such as OLEDs, semiconductors and solar cells. In this review, we have summarized several main approaches to construct (di)benzosilole derivatives and (benzo)siloles fused to aromatic five- and six-membered heterocycles.
Five samples of xNiFe2O4/(1 − x)Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 (where x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) multiferroic nanocomposites have been successfully fabricated using ball milling combined with heat treatment in a ...short time. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated the coexistence of two phases, namely, NiFe2O4 (NFO) and Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 (BSTO). The average grain size obtained is about 50–100 nm, and NFO and BSTO phases are evenly distributed in the samples. With an increase in the content of NFO, the values characterizing the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties improve significantly. Furthermore, the bandgap energy (Eg) value was also strongly reduced. The results on the degradability of methylene orange show that the apparent first-order rate of composites containing NFO with x = 0.4 was found to be k = 0.0228 min−1, which is significantly higher than that of pure BSTO (k = 0.0166 min−1), suggesting that NFO/BSTO multiferroic nanocomposites could be considered as candidate photocatalysts for the degradation of pollutants.
Towards hepatitis C elimination among people who inject drugs (PWID), we assessed the effectiveness of a strategy consisting of a community-based respondent-driven sampling (RDS) as wide screening, a ...simplified and integrated hospital-based care, and prevention of reinfection supported by community-based organisations (CBO), in Hai Phong, Vietnam.
Adults who injected heroin were enrolled in a RDS survey implemented in two CBO premises. Rapid HIV and HCV tests were done on site, and blood was taken for HCV RNA testing. Those with detectable HCV RNA were referred with CBO support to three public hospitals for 12-week sofosbuvir/daclatasvir, plus ribavirin for patients with cirrhosis. Participants were followed-up 12 weeks post-treatment (SVR12) and 48 weeks after enrolment. The primary endpoint was the rate of undetectable HCV RNA participants at 48 weeks.
Among the 1444 RDS survey participants, 875 had hepatitis C. Their median age was 41 years (IQR 36–47), 96% were males, 36% were HIV-coinfected. Overall, 686 (78.4%) started sofosbuvir/daclatasvirs, and 629 of the 647 (97.2%) patients tested at SVR12 were cured. At week 48 (581/608) 95.6% had undetectable HCV RNA, representing 66.4% of all PWID identified with hepatitis C. The reinfection rate after SVR12 was 4/100 person-years (95% CI: 2–7).
Our strategy, involving CBO and addressing all steps from wide HCV screening to prevention of reinfection, stands as a promising approach to eliminate HCV among PWID in low and middle-income countries.
France ANRS|MIE (#ANRS12380). The RDS survey was implemented with grants from the NIDA (#R01DA041978) and ANRS|MIE (#ANRS12353).
Temperature stress and fluctuations are common problems in frozen storage of fish products. This study investigated how storage temperature variations within an industrial frozen storage facility ...affected the physicochemical properties of Tra catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) fillets. Effects of commercial processing additives (mixture of sodium phosphates, sodium chloride, sodium citrate and citric acid), and vacuum packaging on the physicochemical properties of the fillets during 12 months of industrial storage were also studied and compared to controlled storage conditions (−18.6 ± 0.2 °C). Temperature in the industrial storage was above −18 °C, which is the recommended temperature for frozen fish products. This accelerated thawing loss, lipid oxidation and hydrolysis. Additives were effective in inhibiting lipid degradation, and retaining cooking yield, while vacuum packaging protected the fish from lipid oxidation and hydrolysis. Most importantly, temperature must be strictly controlled to ensure the quality of Tra catfish products during frozen storage.
•Industrial temperature stress increased thawing loss, lipid hydrolysis and oxidation.•Processing additives inhibited lipid degradation and maintained cooking yield.•Vacuum packaging inhibited lipid oxidation and hydrolysis.•Combining additives and vacuum packaging strongly inhibited lipid degradation.
Smart homes are an element of developing smart cities. In recent years, countries around the world have spared no effort in promoting smart cities. Smart homes are an interesting technological ...advancement that can make people’s lives much more convenient. The development of smart homes involves multiple technological aspects, which include big data, mobile networks, cloud computing, Internet of Things, and even artificial intelligence. Digital information is the main component of signal control and flow in a smart home, while information security is another important aspect. In the event of equipment failure, the task of safeguarding the system’s information is of the utmost importance. Since smart homes are automatically controlled, the problem of mobile network security must be taken seriously. To address these issues, this paper focuses on information security, big data, mobile networks, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things. Security efficiency can be enhanced by using a Secure Hash Algorithm 256 (SHA-256), which is an authentication mechanism that, with the help of the user, can authenticate each interaction of a given device with a WebServer by using an encrypted username, password, and token. This framework could be used for an automated burglar alarm system, guest attendance monitoring, and light switches, all of which are easily integrated with any smart city base. In this way, IoT solutions can allow real-time monitoring and connection with central systems for automated burglar alarms. The monitoring framework is developed on the strength of the web application to obtain real-time display, storage, and warning functions for local or remote monitoring control. The monitoring system is stable and reliable when applying SHA-256.
To compare the longer-term development outcomes in children born after freeze-only versus fresh embryo transfer (ET) in women with an ovulatory cycle.
Long-term follow-up study (NCT04099784) of ...babies born alive after the first ET in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing ongoing pregnancy and live birth rates after use of a freeze-only versus fresh ET strategy (NCT02471573).
Private clinic.
Of 391 couples randomized to each treatment group in the RCT, 132 (97 singleton/35 twins) and 123 (95 singleton/28 twins) in the freeze-only and fresh ET groups had live birth; 113 parents (86%) from the freeze-only group (147 babies) and 99 (80%) from the fresh ET group (120 babies) returned questionnaires for this follow-up study.
Use of a freeze-only or fresh ET strategy after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with a follicle-stimulating hormone/gonadotropin-releasing antagonist protocol.
Developmental status at ≥2 years after birth, determined using the Developmental Red Flags and Ages & Stages Third Edition (ASQ-3) Questionnaires.
Mean age of children at the end of follow-up was 37 months. Height (95.0 ± 6.1 vs. 95.7 ± 5.6 cm) and weight (14.9 ± 2.6 vs. 14.8 ± 2.6 kg) were similar in the freeze-only and fresh ET groups (results were similar when singletons and twins were analyzed separately). Overall, ASQ-3 scores for problem solving were significantly better in the freeze-only versus fresh ET group (overall: 53.6 ± 8.4 vs. 51.1 ± 10.2), with no significant between-group difference when singletons (52.3 ± 10.1 vs. 51.0 ± 9.9) and twins (55.0 ± 5.5 vs. 51.4 ± 11.1) were analyzed separately. Fine motor skills scores were numerically higher (with P values approaching statistical significance) in the freeze-only versus fresh ET group in the overall analysis (47.8 ± 11.6 vs. 44.9 ± 12.6) and twins (49.85 ± 8.72 vs. 43.93 ± 12.71), but not singletons (46.0 ± 13.4 vs. 45.4 ± 12.6). The overall proportion of children with abnormal ASQ-3 (6.8% vs. 8.3%) or abnormal Red Flags (5.4% vs. 6.7%) findings in the freeze-only and fresh ET groups was low and did not differ significantly between groups.
These data provide physicians with additional information on which to base decisions about the relative merits of different approaches to infertility treatment. There do not appear to be any grounds for concern about worse outcomes after use of a freeze-only strategy. However, additional studies comparing childhood development after a freeze-only strategy, fresh ET, and natural cycles are needed before firm conclusions can be drawn.
Desarrollo de niños nacidos por transferencia de embriones frescos versus congelados: seguimiento de un ensayo controlado aleatorio.
Comparar los resultados del desarrollo a largo plazo en niños después de la transferencia de embriones (TE) congelados versus frescos en mujeres con un ciclo ovulatorio.
Estudio de seguimiento a largo plazo (NCT04099784) de bebés nacidos vivos después de la primera TE en un ensayo controlado aleatorio (ECA) que compara las tasas de embarazo en curso y de nacidos vivos después TE congelados versus TE frescos (NCT02471573).
Clínica privada.
De 391 parejas aleatorizadas en cada grupo de tratamiento en el ECA, se dividieron en 132 recién nacido vivos (97 únicos / 35 gemelos) y 123 (95 únicos / 28 gemelos) en los grupos de TE congelados y TE frescos respectivamente; 113 padres (86%) del grupo de TE congelados (147 bebés) y 99 padres (80%) del grupo de TE fresco (120 bebés) devolvieron los cuestionarios para su seguimiento en el estudio.
Uso de una estrategia de TE frescos o congelados solamente después de la hiperestimulación ovárica controlada con un protocolo de antagonista liberador de gonadotropinas / hormona estimulante del folículo.
Estado del desarrollo a los 2 años después del nacimiento, determinado mediante la tercera edición de los cuestionarios de banderas rojas del desarrollo y edades y etapas (ASQ-3).
La edad media de los niños al final del seguimiento fue de 37 meses. La altura (95,0 _ 6,1 frente a 95,7 _ 5,6 cm) y el peso (14,9 _ 2,6 frente a 14,8 _ 2,6 kg) fueron similares en los grupos de TE congelados y frescos (los resultados fueron similares cuando se analizaron por separado a los hijos únicos y los gemelos). En general, las puntuaciones de ASQ-3 para la resolución de problemas fueron significativamente mejores en el grupo de TE congelado versus fresco (en general: 53,6 _ 8,4 frente a 51,1 _ 10,2), sin diferencias significativas entre los grupos cuando se utilizaron grupos de únicos (52,3 _ 10,1 frente a 51,0 _ 9,9) y gemelos (55,0 _ 5,5 frente a 51,4 _ 11,1), estos fueron analizados por separado. Las puntuaciones de las habilidades motoras finas fueron numéricamente más altas (con valores de P que se acercan a la significación estadística) en el grupo de TE congelado versus fresco en el análisis general (47,8 _ 11,6 frente a 44,9 _ 12,6) y gemelos (49,85 _ 8,72 frente a 43,93 _ 12,71), pero no para gestaciones únicas (46,0 _ 13,4 frente a 45,4 _ 12,6). La proporción general de niños con ASQ-3 anormal (6,8% frente a 8,3%) o signos de alarma anormales (5,4% frente a 6,7%) en los grupos de TE congelados y frente a TE frescos fue baja y no difirió significativamente entre los grupos.
Estos datos brindan a los médicos información adicional sobre donde basar sus decisiones sobre los éxitos relativos según los diferentes enfoques en el tratamiento de la infertilidad. No parece haber motivos para preocuparse por los peores resultados después del uso de una estrategia de congelación. Sin embargo, estudios adicionales que comparan el desarrollo infantil después de una estrategia de uso de congelados, TE frescos y ciclos naturales son necesarios antes de poder sacar conclusiones firmes.
Purpose. The clinical features and laboratory results of dengue-infected adult patients admitted to the hospital during the 2017 outbreak were analyzed in this study. Method. This is a ...cross-sectional study. 2922 patients aged 18 years or more with dengue fever in National Hospital for Tropical Diseases (NHTD) in the North and Hospital for Tropical Disease (HTD) in the South of Vietnam were recruited in this study. Result. Patients were admitted in the hospital around the year and concentrated from August to December, in 53/63 (84.0%) provinces in Vietnam, and patients in all ages were affected. The number of patients with dengue fever was 1675 (57.3%), dengue with warning signs 914 (31.3%), and severe dengue 333 (11.4%), respectively. Among patients with severe dengue, severe plasma leakage and dengue shock account for 238 (8.1%), severe organ impairment 73 (2.5%), and severe bleeding 22 (0.75%). The rate of mortality was 0.8%, and the outcome of dengue patients is worse in the elderly and people with underlying diseases. Conclusion. The 2017 dengue outbreak occurred in a larger scale than in the previous years in terms of time, location, and number of patients. More elderly patients were infected by dengue in this outbreak, and this may contribute to the mortality rate. Clinical manifestations of dengue patients in Southern Vietnam are more typical than the northern, but the rate of severe dengue is not different. The mortality risk and underlying conditions associated with dengue-infected elderly patients are worthy of further investigations in the future.
The research was conducted from May to December 2022 in Lao Cai province. A total of 192 fish samples were collected from the traditional cultured fish group and coldwater cultured fish group. ...Freshoscopy method has been applied for fungal indicators, isolated culture for bacteria and PCR technique for virus indicators. The results showed that fungal agents were detected with a high infection rate in both groups of traditionally cultured fish (83.3%) and cold-water cultured fish (66.7%); Among them, more than 90% are fungus carrying Branchiomyces sp.; The remaining is Dermocystidium sp. and Aphanomyces sp, the recorded period is from May to December. Meanwhile, bacterial causes were found to be lower, infection rate of bacterial species Edwardsiella sp.; Streptococcus sp. and Aeromonas sp. recorded between 20 and 35%, especially in September and October, the infection rate is lower than other months. To limit the damage, water needs to be treated before flowing into the pond/farming tank, periodically supplement vitamin C or multivitamins to increase the fish's resistance, well control environmental factors, especially temperature, amount of ammonia and amount of organic matter in the pond.
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