This study reports the biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by the reduction of HAuCl4 by using of Eclipta prostrata leaf extract as the reducing and stabilizing agent. AuNPs were ...characterized using Ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High Resolution-Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The UV-visible spectrum of the synthesized AuNPs showed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) around 534 nm. The face-centered cubic (FCC) structure of the AuNPs was confirmed by XRD peaks at 38.10°, 44.13°, 64.43°, and 77.32°, which correspond to (111), (200), (220), and (311) miller indices, respectively, with clear circular spots in the selected area electron diffraction (SAED). FTIR measurements showed the AuNPs having a coating of phenolic compounds, indicating a possible role of biomolecules responsible for capping and efficient stabilization of the AuNPs. The HRTEM images determined the particles are spherical, hexagonal, and triangular in shape, with an average size of 31 ± 1.6 nm. The synthesized AuNPs show good antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activity. The outcomes of this study indicate that these nanoparticles could be effectively utilized in pharmaceutical, biotechnological, and biomedical applications.
An improvement in the allelopathic potential of rice will have a great impact on both low‐input and high‐input management systems. Allelopathy alone is not likely to replace other weed control ...practices, but it surely functions as a component of integrated weed management technology. Allеlораthу is thе рrосеѕѕ whеrеbу аn organic сhеmісаl (аllеlосhеmісаl) that is rеlеаѕеd from one рlаnt influences the growth and dеvеlорmеnt of other plants. Allelochemical biosynthesis, release, environmental fate and action on other plant species can depend on genetic factors or on the environment and their interaction. As a result of these interactions, allelopathy is a complex phenomenon with limited repeatability. The term “allelopathy” has undergone several changes and it has been defined as any direct or indirect harmful or beneficial effect of a plant on another through the production of chemical compounds that it releases into the environment. Rice allelopathy is one of the modes of interaction between receptor and donor plants and could exert either positive effects or negative effects. The development of genetic modification by enhancing crops with allelopathic traits should be done cautiously, given the ecological risk (untoxic and safe for humans and the ecosystem, crop productivity, the ratio of benefit and cost etc.). Finally, this article reviews the agricultural production system allelopathy of novel applications, including the role of allelochemical consortia and their potential use in no‐tillage cropping systems, cover crops or mulches.
An efficient protocol for regeneration of encapsulated shoot tip explants of spine gourd (Momordica dioica Roxb. ex. Willd) has been developed. Shoot tip explants excised from in vivo proliferated ...shoots were encapsulated in calcium alginate beads. A gelling matrix of 3% sodium alginate and CaCl2 .2H2O was found most suitable for formation of ideal calcium alginate beads. Maximum response (100%) for conversion of encapsulated shoot tip explants into plantlets was obtained on 0.7% agar solidified full-strength MS medium containing 0.5 muM BAP. Encapsulated shoot tips could be stored at low temperature (4degreesC) up to 10 weeks with a survival frequency of 50%. Well developed regenerated plantlets were hardened, acclimatized and established in field with 90% survival frequency, where they grew well without any detectable variations. The present synthetic seed technology could be useful in large-scale propagation as well as short-term conservation, germplasm distribution and exchange of spine gourd.
Nanotechnology is an exciting and rapidly emerging field in agriculture and food science. The usage of nanoscale materials in sensing and detection applications is growing quickly, providing ...alternative methods to conventional techniques for detecting chemical and biological contaminants in foods, beverages, and other products. Nanotechnology has the potential to innovate the agricultural, feed, and food sectors (further stated as agri/feed/food). Applications that are marketed already feature original product packaging with antimicrobial nanoparticles, and agrochemicals and nutrients that have been nano-encapsulated. Many nano-enabled products are presently under research and development, and may be introduced into the industry in the future. As with any other structured product, for market sanctions, applications need to prove the safe use of such new products without posing unwarranted safety risks to the consumer or the environment. In this review, we summarize the uses of nanotechnology related to food and nutraceuticals, while also identifying the outstanding challenges.
The aim of this work was to establish the antioxidant capacity and the polyphenolic profile of Artemisia absinthium that could potentially be used in the human diet. An ultra-high performance liquid ...chromatographic method was used to identify and quantify individual phenolic compounds of the A. absinthium leaves. A total of 20 polyphenolic compounds were identified and quantified in A. absinthium leaves, including hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols and other groups of phenolic compounds. The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis of the phenolic compounds profile revealed that salicylic acid was the dominant phenolic compound present in the leaves extract followed by myricetin, caffeic acid, gallic acid and ferulic acid. The A. absinthium leaves was extracted with 3 different solvents (ethyl acetate, methanol and water) and screened for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of A. absinthium was assessed by evaluating the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power and phosphomolybdenum assay. Water extract exhibited the highest phenolic content (134.47 mg gallic acid equivalent 100g DW-1) whereas, ethyl acetate extract showed highest flavonoid content (87.04 mg quercetin equivalent 100g DW-1). The water extract possesses highest antioxidant activity towards DPPH, reducing power and phosphomolybdenum assay. The antioxidant activity among the A. absinthium leaves extracts assayed through all the three methods was found to be water extract > methanol extract > ethyl acetate extract. Compared with those of major commercial leafy vegetables, leaves of Artemisia contain high content of phenolic acids and flavonoids, which provide significant health benefits.
A transformation method using the phosphomannose-isomerase (pmi) gene as a selectable marker was developed for orchid Oncidium Gower Ramsey. The pmi-gene, which converts mannose-6-phosphate to ...fructose-6-phosphate allowing for selection of transgenic plants on mannose selective medium. Genetically transformed plants of Oncidium were regenerated after cocultivating protocorm-like bodies with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 containing the vectors pEPYON-42P and pEPYON-42H with 35S::PMI and 35S::HPTII genes respectively. We observed that 35S::PMI (pEPYON-42P) produced high rate (27 plants) of mannose resistant transgenic plants compared to 35S::HPTII (pEPYON-42H) in which only fourteen hygromycin resistant transgenic plants were obtained. Mannose resistant transgenic plants were confirmed by PCR and Southern blot. The pmi gene expression in 35S::PMI (pEPYON-42P) transgenic plants was confirmed by RT-PCR. Furthermore, the duration of regeneration time of transgenic plants was significantly shorter in mannose selected system (4 months) than in hygromycin selected system (8 months). The pmi/mannose selection system is shown to be highly efficient for producing transgenic O. Gower Ramsey without using antibiotics or herbicides. For the first time, the pmi/mannose-based “positive” selection system has been used to obtain genetically engineered O. Gower Ramsey.
Broccoli is a cruciferous vegetable that has been shown to have numerous potential therapeutic benefits because of its bioactive compounds.
In this study, we compared the bioactive efficacy of cooked ...and uncooked (fresh) stems and florets of broccoli extracted with three different solvents: acetonitrile, methanol, and aqueous extracts. The extraction yield and antioxidant and antibacterial potential of different broccoli extracts were examined.
Fresh and boiled floret stem extracts increased the extraction yield. The extraction yields were higher for the methanol and acetonitrile extracts than for the aqueous extracts. The antioxidant efficacy of the different extracts was studied using ABTS, DPPH, and metal ion reduction assays. The acetonitrile and aqueous extracts exhibited higher antioxidant activities than the methanolic extracts in different antioxidant assays. In addition, increased antioxidant activity was observed in fresh florets and boiled broccoli stems. TPC and TFC contents were higher in the methanolic extracts than in the aqueous extracts. Similar to antioxidant activities, anti-inflammatory activities were found to be higher in the acetonitrile and aqueous extracts, particularly in boiled stems and fresh florets. Broccoli extracts have been shown to be active against
and moderately effective against
and
.
Acetonitrile and aqueous extraction of broccoli might be an ideal choice for extraction methods, which show increased extraction yield and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials. Utilization of phytomolecules from natural sources is a promising alternative approach to synthetic drug development.
Introduction:
Lung cancer, characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation within the lung tissues, is the predominant cause of cancer-related fatalities worldwide. The traditional medicinal ...herb
Piper longum
has emerged as a significant contender in oncological research because of its documented anticancer attributes, suggesting its potential for novel therapeutic development.
Methods:
This study adopted network pharmacology and omics methodology to elucidate the anti-lung cancer potential of
P. longum
by identifying its bioactive constituents and their corresponding molecular targets.
Results:
Through a comprehensive literature review and the Integrated Medicinal Plant Phytochemistry and Therapeutics database (IMPPAT), we identified 33 bioactive molecules from
P. longum
. Subsequent analyses employing tools such as SwissTargetPrediction, SuperPred, and DIGEP-Pred facilitated the isolation of 676 potential targets, among which 72 intersected with 666 lung cancer-associated genetic markers identified through databases including the Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), and GeneCards. Further validation through protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, gene ontology, pathway analyses, boxplots, and overall survival metrics underscored the therapeutic potential of compounds such as 7-epi-eudesm-4(15)-ene-1β, demethoxypiplartine, methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate, 6-alpha-diol, and aristolodione. Notably, our findings reaffirm the relevance of lung cancer genes, such as CTNNB1, STAT3, HIF1A, HSP90AA1, and ERBB2, integral to various cellular processes and pivotal in cancer genesis and advancement. Molecular docking assessments revealed pronounced affinity between 6-alpha-diol and HIF1A, underscoring their potential as therapeutic agents for lung cancer.
Conclusion:
This study not only highlights the bioactive compounds of
P. longum
but also reinforces the molecular underpinnings of its anticancer mechanism, paving the way for future lung cancer therapeutics.
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