The association between environmental tobacco smoking (ETS) and childhood pneumonia has not been established in developed or developing countries. A study was conducted to assess the effect and ...impact of ETS exposure on pneumonia among children in central Vietnam.
A population-based large-scale cross-sectional survey was conducted covering all residents of 33 communes in Khanh Hoa Province, the central part of Vietnam. Information on demographics, socioeconomic status and house environment, including smoking status of each household member, was collected from householders. Hospital admissions for pneumonia among children aged <5 years in each household in the previous 12 months were recorded based on caregiver's report.
A total of 353 525 individuals living in 75 828 households were identified in the study areas. Of these, 24 781 (7.0%) were aged <5 years. The prevalence of ETS was 70.5% and the period prevalence of hospital admissions for pneumonia was 2.6%. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that exposure to ETS was independently associated with hospital admissions for pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio 1.55, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.92). The prevalence of tobacco smoking was higher among men than women (51.5% vs 1.5%). It is estimated that 28.7% of childhood pneumonia in this community is attributable to ETS.
Children in Vietnam are exposed to substantial levels of ETS which results in 44 000 excess hospital admissions due to pneumonia each year among children aged <5 years.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of bed net use and elucidate the effect of daytime bed net use on preventing dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) among children in Vietnam. We ...conducted a population-based cross-sectional survey and a matched case-control study in Khanh Hoa Province where not only some pre-schoolchildren but also some school children, who take a nap during lunch break prior to returning to school, used bed nets during the day. Among 36,901 children 2-10 years of age, most used untreated bed nets during the night (98.3%) compared with 8.4% during the day. The results of the case-control study, which defined 151 cases who were hospitalized with DHF in the provincial hospitals and 604 age-matched neighborhood controls, did not support our hypothesis that children using untreated bed nets during the day are less likely to be hospitalized with DHF (adjusted odds ratio = 0.56, 95% confidence interval = 0.23-1.39).
An extract from the rhizomes of Cassumunar ginger (Zingiber purpureum Roscoe). was found to have significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC
50
value of 6.3 µg/mL. Two new ...phenylbutenoids, cassudimin A (1) and cassumunol N (2), and seven known compounds (3-9) were isolated. Their structures and relative configurations of two new compounds were elucidated based on spectra interpretation. Compounds 1-3, 6-9 showed more potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than a positive control, acarbose (IC
50
= 168.0 µM). Dehydrozingerone (6) exhibited the most potent α-glucosidase inhibition with an IC
50
value of 8.3 μM. Compounds 7 and 9 were found in Z. purpureum rhizomes for the first time.
“Trứng cá” (Muntingia calabura) is a special species of the genus Muntingia. Phytochemical studies on the leaves of M. calabura showed that seven compounds were isolated, including ...R‐(+)‐5‐(δ‐tocopherol‐5'‐yl)‐δ‐tocopherol (1), trans‐phytol (2), ergosta‐4,6,8(14),22‐tetraen‐3‐one (3), ergosterol peroxide (4), stigmasta‐4‐ene‐3,6‐dione (5), 6β‐hydroxystigmast‐4‐en‐3‐one (6), and β‐sitosterol (7). The structures of the compounds were elucidated by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and compared to the literature. The biological test result for all isolated compounds showed that compounds 1‐3, and 5‐7 have the ability to inhibit moderately α‐glucosidase with IC50 values ranging from 57.9 to 249.5 μM. Compound 3 processed a significant inhibitory activity effect with an IC50 value of 57.9 μM, more potent than the positive control, acarbose (IC50, 214.5 μM). This is the first time compounds 1‐5 have been reported for the Muntingia genus.
This study presents a phytochemical analysis of the leaves of
, revealing the isolation of a new apotirucallane-type protolimonoid, identified as 25-
-methyl-1,2-dihydroprotoxylocarpin D (
), along ...with two known compounds (
and
). The known compounds were identified as (20
,21
,23
)-21,23-epoxy-7
,24,25-trihydroxy-21-
-methyl-3-oxoapotirucalla-14-ene (
) and 7
,24,25-trihydroxy-3-oxoapotirucalla-14-en-21,23-olide (
). The three apotirucallane-type protolimonoids (
-
) did not exhibit cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells at a concentration of 100 µM. Interestingly, when MCF-7 cells were treated with compound
at various concentrations, a notable stimulatory response was observed, leading to a significant increase in cell viability, up to 127%.
Pinostrobin demonstrated anticancer properties, but its hydrophobic feature led to a reduction in bioavailability. The mitochondria-targeted approach successfully synthesized eight new alkyl ...triphenylphosphonium pinostrobin derivatives (1-8) with good yield in this study. Seven compounds (1-3, 5-8) showed greater cytotoxic potency against the human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line than pinostrobin. Molecular docking studies were performed with two important targets in hormone-dependent anticancer strategies, estrogen receptor α (ERα) ligand binding domains, 3ERT (antagonist recognition and antiproliferative function), and 1GWR (agonist recognition and pro-proliferative function). In addition, the MD simulation study of the two most potent compounds (2 and 3) complexed with both ERα forms suggested that compounds 2 and 3 could serve as favourable antagonists. Furthermore, the in silico ADMET prediction indicated that compounds 2 and 3 could be potential drug candidates.
Following bioactivity-guided isolation, four new stilbene-like derivatives, named Strebluses E-H, were isolated from the EtOAc-soluble fraction of the stems of
(Moraceae). Their chemical structures ...were elucidated based on NMR spectroscopic data interpretation and optical rotation calculation.
E possesses potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC
value of 0.1 μM. Oxy-tyrosinase has two bound Cu
ions and a peroxide group in the binding site, which has a role in the catalytic oxidation. Thus, a docking study of
E with oxy-tyrosinase was performed to analyze the ligand-protein interactions. With
modelling, the
value and the ligand-protein interactions suggested that
E showed lower binding affinity for oxy-tyrosinase than that of
C.
From the EtOAc-soluble extract of the rhizomes of Zingiber montanum (J.Koenig) Link ex A.Dietr., a novel diphenylbutenoid, montadinin A (1) and a previously unreported phenylbutenoid compound, ...1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-2-ol (7), in natural source were isolated. Additionally, seven known phenylbutenoids were also identified. The structures of all compounds were elucidated through NMR spectroscopic interpretation. Compounds cis-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-(E)-3,4-dimethoxystyrylcyclohex-1-ene (2), cis-4-(E)-3,4-dimethoxystyryl-3-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)cyclohex-1-ene (3), trans-3-(3,4,-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-(E)-2,4,5-trimethoxystyrylcyclohex-1-ene (5), and cis-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-(Z)-2,4,5-trimethoxylstyrylcyclohex-1-ene (6) showed weak cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells with IC
50
values of 122.9, 127.3, 257.5, and 168.5 µM, respectively.
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