Editorial Board: William Bauer, Case Western Reserve University. Susan Wharton Conkling, Eastman School of Music, University of Rochester. Colleen Conway, University of Michigan. Lisa R. Hunter, The ...State University of New York College at Buffalo. Joshua A. Russell, The Hartt School, University of Hartford. Peter Whiteman, Institute of Early Childhood, Macquarie University.This book focuses on the stories of individuals-cooperating teachers and student teachers, undergraduate composers, singers and non-singers, Hispanic and white students, and instrumental music educators. Individually and collectively, these studies tell stories about the ways that people, places, and spaces in music education interact to shape identity. Although using specific methodologies within both qualitative and quantitative traditions, collectively these studies create a kind of complementarity-the kind of inquiry symbiosis that Sandra Stauffer in Volume 2 avers we are ready to embrace in the profession.Continuing the practice of inviting essays from prominent educators, Volume 3 presents the thinking of Jean Clandinin on narrative inquiry. Her essay brings both added depth and clarity in understanding the key ideas, processes, relationships, and ethics involved in narrative research. Peter Whiteman's and Regina Murphy's concluding essays advance the conversation on the role of discussant within the context of the Annual Meeting of AERA. Whiteman and Murphy share insights from their own experiences as they describe the purposes and processes of this important role. Like the studies within this volume, these essays elucidate the various roles and identities we hold as researchers. This volume is a significant addition to the libraries of Schools of Music and Colleges of Education, as well as an important reference for music scholars and educators, researchers, and graduate students who are concerned with advancing both the scope and quality of research in the study of music teaching and learning.
The objective of the described research effort was to identify a novel serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) with improved norepinephrine transporter activity and acceptable ...metabolic stability and exhibiting minimal drug–drug interaction. We describe herein the discovery of a series of 3-substituted pyrrolidines, exemplified by compound 1. Compound 1 is a selective SNRI in vitro and in vivo, has favorable ADME properties, and retains inhibitory activity in the formalin model of pain behavior. Compound 1 thus represents a potential new probe to explore utility of SNRIs in central nervous system disorders, including chronic pain conditions.
A series of 1-aryloxy-3-piperidinylpropan-2-ols possessing potent dual 5-HT1A receptor antagonism and serotonin reuptake inhibition was discovered. ...1-(1H-Indol-4-yloxy)-3-(4-benzobthiophen-2-ylpiperidinyl)propan-2-ols exhibited selective and high affinities at the 5-HT1A receptor and serotonin reuptake site in vitro. In vivo evaluation of this series of compounds demonstrated elevated extracellular serotonin levels from the basal and quick recovery of neuron firing that was presumably suppressed by the initial acute activation of 5-HT1A somatodendritic autoreceptors.
Music teacher educators often find that students articulate a wide range of viewpoints, shedding light on who they are, their images of teaching and learning, and their perspectives on the ...profession. The need for a defined framework or programmatic orientation becomes evident as we realize that lack of cohesion in teacher preparation programs can lead preservice teachers to see undergraduate education as a checklist of courses and the acquisition of discrete skill sets rather than a holistic, interrelated progression of experiences that fosters the development of their thinking as teachers. However, if we are not willing to venture farther along our personal learning spirals, we cannot create new teacher education programs appropriate for the next generation of public school teachers.
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This study evaluated the effect of endurance exercise on myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression in soleus muscle of diabetic rats with peripheral neuropathy.
Male Sprague Dawley rats were ...randomly divided into four groups: control sedentary, diabetic sedentary, control exercise, and diabetic exercise. The exercised animals performed treadmill running five times per week. After 12 wks, electrophysiologic testing documented peripheral neuropathy in the diabetic rats. The soleus muscles were then excised and quick-frozen. Cross-sections were immunohistochemically stained for slow, fast, developmental, and neonatal MHCs. Fiber-type composition and fiber cross-sectional areas were then determined.
The diabetic groups showed a significantly greater percentage of fast MHC than did the control groups, regardless of exercise status (diabetic sedentary, 22.6%; diabetic exercise, 25.2%; control sedentary, 13.5%; control exercise, 13.1%). The diabetics also showed a significantly lower percentage of slow-only MHC than controls (diabetic sedentary, 77.1%; diabetic exercise, 74.3%; control sedentary, 86.2%; control exercise, 86.1%). No differences in muscle fiber cross-sectional area existed between the groups. The exercised animals showed greater expression of developmental MHC than did the sedentary animals (diabetic sedentary, 1.6%; diabetic exercise, 3.8%; control sedentary, 0.8%; control exercise, 2.0%).
The altered slow and fast MHC expression in the diabetic muscle is similar to MHC expression in several other conditions, including decreased neuromuscular activity and denervation. Mechanisms of this MHC expression shift are unknown. Chronic endurance training does not alter adult MHC expression in the diabetic animals. The developmental MHC expression is likely a manifestation of uphill treadmill running due to eccentric contractions in the soleus resulting in myofiber injury and regeneration.
An efficient synthetic route to novel norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, their in vitro binding affinity and selected in vivo data are presented.
A novel series of tertiary alcohol containing ...2-substituted benzyl morpholines have been discovered as potent and selective inhibitors of the norepinephrine transporter. Efficient synthetic routes were developed featuring a highly diastereoselective nucleophilic addition of benzyl Grignard reagents to enantiopure (4-benzylmorpholin-2-yl)phenylmethanone (
11) as the key synthetic step. In vitro binding affinity for the norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin transporters and in vivo examination of a select compound (
16) in a pharmacodynamic animal model for norepinephrine reuptake inhibition are presented.
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the relationship between the 2 hallmark proteins of Alzheimer disease (AD), amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau, and clinical decline over time among cognitively normal older individuals. ...DESIGN A longitudinal cohort of clinically and cognitively normal older individuals assessed with baseline lumbar puncture and longitudinal clinical assessments. SETTING Research centers across the United States and Canada. PATIENTS We examined 107 participants with a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) of 0 at baseline examination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Using linear mixed effects models, we investigated the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phospho-tau 181(p-tau181p), CSF Aβ1-42, and clinical decline as assessed using longitudinal change in global CDR, CDR–Sum of Boxes, and the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale. RESULTS We found a significant relationship between decreased CSF Aβ1-42 and longitudinal change in global CDR, CDR–Sum of Boxes, and Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale in individuals with elevated CSF p-tau181p. In the absence of CSF p-tau181p, the effect of CSF Aβ1-42 on longitudinal clinical decline was not significantly different from 0. CONCLUSIONS In cognitively normal older individuals, Aβ-associated clinical decline during a mean of 3 years may occur only in the presence of ongoing downstream neurodegeneration.
Abstract
Introduction: Hispanics are at increased risk for obesity, which places them at increased risk for a variety of health conditions, including cancer. Risk factors for both obesity and cancer ...include limited access to healthy affordable foods. This problem is especially prevalent in low-income communities such as rural towns. This study assessed the availability of healthful foods and food environment scores in two rural towns with large percentages of Hispanic residents in Eastern Washington State.
Experimental Procedures: Store inventories were collected in 14 food stores (3 grocery and 11 convenience stores) from July-August 2013 using the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey. We recorded data on availability of a variety of fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grain bread, lean ground beef, low-fat hot dogs, baked or low-fat chips, and low sugar cereal. Food environment scores were generated for stores, which consisted of a composite score of availability of healthy food, quality, and price.
Results: Convenience stores comprised 79% of food stores. Availability of specific healthful items differed between grocery and convenience stores with all the grocery stores (100%) selling at least 1 fresh fruit compared to 27% of the convenience stores. More grocery stores also had fresh vegetables (100% vs. 18%), whole grain bread (100% vs. 36%), lean ground beef (100% vs. 9%), low-fat hot dogs (100% vs. 9%), baked or low-fat chips (67% vs. 0%), and low sugar cereal (67% vs. 18%). Grocery stores, however, were slightly less likely to be stocked with 100% fruit juice (67% vs. 73%), while more stocked with diet soda (100% vs. 91%) than convenience stores. Out of a possible maximum food environment score of 62, grocery stores scored 29 while convenience stores scored 3.64.
Conclusions: Convenience stores make up a large proportion of available food sources in rural towns and have limited stocks of healthful foods. The low food environment scores of both grocery and convenience stores are indication that stores have room for improvements. Increasing the variety of healthy food offerings in food stores could be the first step in improving the food environment in rural towns.
Citation Format: Linda K. Ko, Cynthia Perry, Norma Mariscal, Edgar Rodriguez, Catherine Duggan, Mario Kratz, Beti Thompson. Evaluation of the food environment in rural towns in eastern Washington. abstract. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A25. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-A25
Abstract
Purpose: Abnormal mammogram results can lead to elevated psychological distress, which has been shown to impede and delay adherence to follow-up care recommendations. Latinas exhibit greater ...psychological distress following receipt of abnormal mammogram results as well as are less likely to receive and more likely to delay recommended follow-up care than non-Latina White counterparts. Latinas may believe they are at greater risk for breast cancer and be more likely to associate the need for follow-up care with breast abnormalities due to cultural beliefs. Little research to date has addressed these factors among women with abnormal mammogram results and less work has related them to cancer disparities.
Objective: For this study, we provide preliminary findings regarding ethnic differences in 1) perceived cancer risk; 2) risk factors; and 3) beliefs concerning follow-up care.
Methods: For this multi-site study, we recruited a convenience sample of Latinas and a size-matched sample of non-Latina White women who have recently received an abnormal mammogram. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews allowed for assessment of perceived cancer risk (high versus low/none), associated risk factors as well as included items regarding follow-up care (“What do you think follow-up appointments are for?”). Data were analyzed using principles of grounded theory.
Results: Latinas were more likely to be worried about cancer than White women (86% vs. 12.5%). Latinas and White women identified age, general health, health behaviors (e.g., smoking, diet), and family history of cancer as factors contributing to their perceived cancer risk. Importantly, Latinas were more likely to attribute these to higher cancer risk (e.g., bad eating habits), whereas White women utilized these domains to perceive low risk (e.g., no family history). Additionally, some Latinas perceived other behaviors (e.g., adultery) to contribute to their risk due to spiritual beliefs. Latinas were more likely to perceive follow-up care to be needed because mammograms revealed abnormalities. White women were more likely to attribute follow-up care recommendations due to technical problems during initial mammography appointments.
Conclusions: Preliminary evidence suggests Latinas perceive themselves to be at greater risk when they receive abnormal mammogram results than their White counterparts. Greater risk perception appears to be related to perception of shared and unique risk factors as well as beliefs concerning follow-up care recommendations. Future interventions should address how ethnic differences in cancer risk perception contribute to follow-up care adherence as well as identify strategies to reduce overestimated risk perception among Latinas who receive an abnormal cancer screening result.
Citation Format: Yamile Molina, Linda K. Ko, Beti Thompson, Shirley A.A. Beresford. Ethnic differences in cancer worry following an abnormal mammogram result: The roles of risk perception and follow-up care beliefs. abstract. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A90.
Editorial Board: Deborah Blair VanderLinde, Oakland University. William Bauer, University of Florida. Lisa R. Hunter, The State University of New York at Fredonia. Ronald Kos, Boston University. ...Joshua A. Russell, The Hartt School, University of Hartford. Peter Whiteman, Institute of Early Childhood, Macquarie University.Analyzing Influences: Research on Decision Making and the Music Education Curriculum examines influences on research in music teacher preparation, practices, and policies. These influences include administrators' perspectives, preservice music educators' beliefs, and in-service teachers' practices. Invited essays offer insights into past and present trends in music teacher preparation.This collection of studies represents best thinking in the field and serves as an impetus for further research and action. Each author's analysis on the influences affecting their specific areas provides insights into key issues affecting decision making processes. This volume is a significant addition to the libraries of Colleges of Education and Schools of Music, as well as an important reference for music scholars and educators, researchers, and graduate students who are concerned with advancing both the scope and quality of research in the study of music teaching and learning.
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