This study evaluated mature and immature myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform immunolocalisation in soleus muscle of diabetic rats with documented motor neuropathy. Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to ...one of three groups: control (C), diabetic with insulin (DI), or diabetic without insulin (DNI). Twelve weeks after diabetes induction, soleus muscles were excised and quick-frozen. Cross-sections were labelled immunohistochemically for slow, fast, developmental and neonatal MHC isoforms to determine fiber-type composition. Fiber cross-sectional areas were determined morphometrically. Results revealed that DNI and DI muscles contained greater percentages of myofibers positive for fast MHC compared with controls. DNI animals also showed a lower percentage of myofibers positive for slow MHC compared to the DI group. The number of fibers immunolabelled for developmental MHC isoforms was greater in DNI animals than in the other groups. The differences in slow and fast MHC-labelling appear to indicate a condition of altered neuromuscular activity affecting the diabetic muscles. The increase in developmental MHC-labelling in the DNI muscles could indicate myofiber regeneration or reinnervation that would be more pronounced in the DNI animals in context of their more severe neuropathy. Insulin appeared to influence muscle fiber cross-sectional area and possibly fiber-type grouping frequency; the potential mechanism for these effects was not elucidated.
Rates of poor psychological adjustment of children with sickle cell disease remained relatively constant over initial and follow-up assessment points. However, there was relatively little stability ...in the classification of the adjustment of individuals, low congruence in specific behavior problem patterns and diagnoses in accordance with the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(3rd ed.;
American Psychiatric Association, 1980
), and less stability in child adjustment by child report than by mother report. With initial levels of adjustment controlled, children's strategies for coping with pain accounted for a significant increment in child-reported symptoms (19%) and mother-reported internalizing behavior problems (8%) at follow-up beyond the contribution of illness and demographic parameters and follow-up interval. The findings suggest that children's coping strategies are a salient intervention target for enhancing adjustment.
The relationship between neurodegeneration and the 2 hallmark proteins of Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-beta (Abeta) and tau, is still unclear. Here, we examined 286 nondemented participants (107 ...cognitively normal older adults and 179 memory impaired individuals) who underwent longitudinal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and lumbar puncture. Using mixed effects models, we investigated the relationship between longitudinal entorhinal cortex atrophy rate, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) p-tau181p and CSF Abeta1-42. We found a significant relationship between elevated entorhinal cortex atrophy rate and decreased CSF Abeta1-42 only with elevated CSF p-tau181p. Our findings indicate that Abeta-associated volume loss occurs only in the presence of phospho-tau in humans at risk for dementia. Ann Neurol 2011 PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
The relationship between neurodegeneration and the 2 hallmark proteins of Alzheimer's disease, amyloid- Delta *b (A Delta *b) and tau, is still unclear. Here, we examined 286 nondemented participants ...(107 cognitively normal older adults and 179 memory impaired individuals) who underwent longitudinal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and lumbar puncture. Using mixed effects models, we investigated the relationship between longitudinal entorhinal cortex atrophy rate, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) p-tau181p and CSF A Delta *b1-42. We found a significant relationship between elevated entorhinal cortex atrophy rate and decreased CSF A Delta *b1-42 only with elevated CSF p-tau181p. Our findings indicate that A Delta *b-associated volume loss occurs only in the presence of phospho-tau in humans at risk for dementia. Ann Neurol 2011
This article provides a conceptual argument for considering a personal orientation as a guiding framework for music teacher education. The potential strength and impact of this philosophical stance ...is underscored in the research on preservice and in-service teacher beliefs. Tools and dispositions that facilitate integrating a personal orientation into current programs are presented, discussed, and illustrated. Among these tools are methodologies for exploring self, methodologies for exploring school contexts, and methodologies for exploring teaching and learning. Principles for creating program coherence are offered.
Research Perspectives Thompson, Linda K; Campbell, Mark Robin
2009, 2009-01-04
eBook
Editorial Board: William Bauer, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH. Susan Wharton Conkling, Eastman School of Music, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY. Colleen Conway, University of ...Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. Regina Murphy, St. Patrick's College, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland. Kathy Scherler, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX.Research Perspectives: Thought and Practice in Music Education calls attention to various theoretical and methodological aspects within the expanding field of research in music education. Perspectives presented in this volume offer readers a host of ideas and practices that range from international and historical to empirical and philosophical. Of special interest is a set of invited essays. Collectively, these essays illuminate our understanding of the peer review process, the importance of artistic vision in research and education, and the notion of complementarity - a recognition of the validity of diversity of thought and practice in music education research.The studies in Part 1 of Research Perspectives include early childhood musical development, an international comparison of early childhood preservice teacher knowledge and skills, and a psychohistoric examination of developmentally appropriate practice. Part II is comprised of studies focused on psychometrics of motivation, and professional development of practicing music educators. This volume is a significant addition to the libraries of Colleges of Education and Schools of Music, as well as an important reference for music scholars and educators, researchers, and graduate students who are concerned with advancing both the scope and quality of research in the study of music teaching and learning.
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