Photocatalytic deg radation of environmental pollutants is being up to date for the treatment of contaminated water. In the present study, ZnO/CuO nanomaterials were successfully fabricated by a ...simple sol-gel method and investigate the photo-degradation of rhodamine B (RhB). The synthesized ZnO/CuO nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis-DRS), thermal analysis (TGA), surface charge, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The photo-degradation of the dye RhB was followed spectroscopically. The overall composition of ZnO/CuO material was found to be wurtzite phase, with particle size of 30 nm, and the Vis light absorption increased with an increase of Cu content. The ZnO/CuO nanomaterials were highly active leading to a photo-degradation of 10 ppm RhB reaching 98% within 180 min at 0.1 g/L catalyst dosage. The change in surface charge after degradation evaluated by ζ potential measurements and the differences in functional vibration group monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicates that the RhB adsorption on the Zn
45
Cu surface was insignificant. And scavenging experiments demonstrate that the RhB degradation by ZnO/CuO nanomaterials involves to some degree hydroxyl radicals.
Display omitted
•A new polycation PVBTAC-modified ZnO/SiO2 nanocomposite based on rice husk was successfully fabricated.•The optimum conditions for DCF removal using PVBTAC-modified ZnO/SiO2 were ...contact time 90 min, pH 8 and dosage 10 mg/mL.•The maximum adsorption capacity of DCF was 66 mg/g and the removal efficiency was 91.8%.•After four regenerations, the DCF removal using PVBTAC modified ZnO/SiO2 was still greater than 84%.•The E.coli removal was greater than 88 % that was controlled by electrostatic and non-electrostatic interactions.
The present study investigated the adsorptive removal of non-steroidal medication diclofenac (DCF) using polycation, PVBTAC modified zinc oxide/silica nanocomposite (ZnO/SiO2). The ZnO/SiO2 which was fabricated based on nanosilica rice, was examined by XRD, FT-IR, TEM, EDX, and zeta potential measurements. Surface of ZnO/SiO2 was modified by PVBTAC adsorption at pH 9 and 100 mM KCl to reverse the high charge of material. The optimum parameters for DCF removal using PVBTAC-modified ZnO/SiO2 were contact time 90 min, pH 8 and adsorbent dosage 10 mg/mL. The maximum adsorption capacity and the removal efficiency of DCF were found to be 66 mg/g and 91.8%, respectively, while the bacteria Escherichiacoli(E.coli) removal reached greater than 88 %. Adsorption of DCF on PVBTAC-modified ZnO/SiO2 was mainly controlled by electrostatic attraction between anionic DCF molecules and positively charged PVBTAC-modified ZnO/SiO2 surface whereas the E.coli removal was controlled by both electrostatic and non-electrostatic interactions. Adsorption isotherms of DCF on PVBTAC-modified ZnO/SiO2 at different ionic strengths were reasonably represented by a two-step model while adsorption kinetics fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model. After four regenerations of PVBTAC modified ZnO/SiO2, the DCF removal still exceeded 84%. Our materialis agreat performance adsorbent to remove pharmaceutical and bacteria.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase is known as a potential biological target that plays a crucial role in regulating the release of nitric oxide and is responsible for the amount of nitric oxide ...released during the inflammation process. Searching for compounds from natural sources that inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase may reduce excessive nitric oxide production and counteract metabolic diseases originating from prolonged inflammation. One of the valuable medicinal plants with significant anti-inflammatory activity evaluated in this study is Millettia dielsiana. The current work focuses on the molecular docking analysis of compounds derived from Millettia dielsiana to identify potential candidates against the inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme. As a result, four compounds (D10 (Tupichinol C), D20 (Durmillone), D46 (Glycitin), and D50 (5,7,4′-trihydroxyisoflavone 7- O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside) with the most potent inhibitory potential were identified with binding affinities less than −9.0 kcal mol −1 . Moreover, toxicity predictions using the ProTox II web server indicated that these compounds exhibit low toxicity (Toxicity Class of 5). Compound D50 showed no activity in hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity, mutagenicity, and cytotoxicity. Density functional theory was employed for molecular description, electronic properties, and chemical reactivity of the compounds. These findings provide a basis for further in-depth biological experiments in the future.
We report the first study of adsorption of a strong polycation, poly(3-methacryloylamino propyl-trimethylammonium chloride) (PMAPTAC) on nanosilica (nano-SiO2) extracted from rice husk. PMAPTAC was ...successfully synthesized and characterized by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) methods. PMAPTAC characteristics were found to be Mn = 1.61 × 105, Mw = 2.16 × 106, Mw/Mn = 13.4. Beta-lactam cefixime (CEF) removal was dramatically enhanced after polymer coating by pre-adsorption of PMAPTAC on nano-SiO2. The new adsorbent was dubbed PMAPTAC coated nano-SiO2 (PCNS). Required time for adsorption, PCNS dosage, pH, and KCl concentration were thoroughly optimized for CEF removal and achieved at 120 min, 10 mg/mL, 4, and 1 mM, respectively. A two-step model can be used to fit the PMAPTAC on nano-SiO2 and CEF on PCNS isotherms at different ionic strengths. Adsorption kinetics of CEF on PCNS appears to be pseudo-second-order. CEF removal using PCNS reached 89%, saturating at 10.9 mg/g. The driving force for CEF adsorption on PCNS was primarily Coulombic interaction of negative CEF species and positive surface charge of PCNS. After three reuses, CEF elimination was still greater than 85%. The influence of some organics on CEF treatment using PCNS was insignificant while CEF removal from a real hospital wastewater sample was greater than 70%. Our study indicates that a hybrid and new adsorbent based on nano-SiO2 rice husk with pre-adsorption with PMAPTAC is useful for antibiotic removal from wastewater.
Display omitted
•Synthesized PMAPTAC coated nanosilica forms highly positive charge PCNS as a novel adsorbent.•The treatment of antibiotic cefixime (CEF) reached 90 % with pH 4, time for adsorption 120 min, and dosage of PCNS 10 mg/mL.•Adsorption isotherm of CEF was in accordance with two-step model while adsorption kinetic was well fitted by pseudo-second-order model.•The treatment of CEF using PCNS was greater than 85% after three regenerations.
Guidelines recommend empowering patients and families to remind healthcare workers (HCWs) to perform hand hygiene (HH). The effectiveness of empowerment tools for patients and their families in ...Southeast Asia is unknown.
We performed a prospective study in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a Vietnamese pediatric referral hospital. With family and HCW input, we developed a visual tool for families to prompt HCW HH. We used direct observation to collect baseline HH data. We then enrolled families to receive the visual tool and education on its use while continuing prospective collection of HH data. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of HH in baseline and implementation periods.
In total, 2,014 baseline and 2,498 implementation-period HH opportunities were observed. During the implementation period, 73 families were enrolled. Overall, HCW HH was 46% preimplementation, which increased to 73% in the implementation period (P < .001). The lowest HH adherence in both periods occurred after HCW contact with patient surroundings: 16% at baseline increased to 24% after implementation. In multivariable analyses, the odds of HCW HH during the implementation period were significantly higher than baseline (adjusted odds ratio aOR, 2.94; 95% confidence interval CI, 2.54-3.41; P < .001) after adjusting for observation room, HCW type, time of observation (weekday business hours vs evening or weekend), and HH moment.
The introduction of a visual empowerment tool was associated with significant improvement in HH adherence among HCWs in a Vietnamese PICU. Future research should explore acceptability and barriers to use of similar tools in low- and middle-income settings.
The present study aims to investigate adsorption of beta-lactam cefixime (CEF) onto strong polycation, polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) modified nanosilica (PMNS). Nanosilica fabricated ...from rice husk with purity greater than 99.6% was confirmed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy while a particle size of 20 nm was determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The specific surface area of nanosilica by Brunauer - Emmett – Teller (BET) method was 160.5 m2/g. The surface of nanosilica was modified by pre-adsorption of PDADMAC at pH 10 and 100 mM KCl in order to enhance highly positive charge of PMNS. The effective conditions for removal CEF using PMNS were found to be contact time 90 min, pH 4 and adsorbent dosage 10 mg/mL. Under the optimum adsorption conditions, CEF removal from aqueous solution increased significantly from 24.55% to 93.51%. Adsorption isotherms of CEF onto PMNS at different salt concentrations were fitted well by two-step model while adsorption kinetics agreed well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Adsorption of CEF onto PMNS decreased with an increase of ionic strength, demonstrating that adsorption of CEF onto PMNS is mainly controlled by electrostatic attraction between anionic CEF molecules and positively charged PMNS surface. After four regenerations of PMNS, the removal of CEF still reached to 90%. The removal of CEF from an actual hospital wastewater using PMNS was higher than 75%. Our results suggest that PMNS is a novel adsorbent to remove antibiotics from aqueous solutions.
Display omitted
•PDADMAC modified nanosilica rice husk (PMNS) is novel adsorbent for cefixime removal.•The adsorption of cefixime onto PMNS is in accordance with pseudo-second order and the two-step models.•Adsorption of cefixime (CEF) onto PDADMAC modified nanosilica (PMNS) and the treatment of actual hospital wastewater sample.•The removal efficiency of cefixime using PMNS was greater than 89% after four recycles.•A high removal efficiency of 75% was achieved for actual hospital wastewater sample.
Adolescence is a sensitive transition time that affects rights, roles, and responsibilities in food choice, yet limited evidence exists on dietary intakes during this critical period. This study ...assessed the food consumption pattern and the adequacy of energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient intakes among female youth belonging to three occupational groups in Vietnam. Dietary intakes were measured for 1001 participants aged 16-22 years using INDDEX24's 24-h recall method. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted to examine differences in diet outcomes among the three occupational groups. Dietary diversity was similar across groups but workers, compared to high school and college students, consumed less baked/grain-based sweets and fast foods, and more soft drinks, other sweets, and processed meat. Two-thirds of the sample showed energy intake lower than the estimated energy requirement, while a substantial percentage had insufficient or excessive intake of carbohydrate and fat. The mean probability of adequacy of nutrient intakes was low (0.33) and not different across all three occupational groups except for folate, which favored workers. Our study provides novel evidence supporting the development and implementation of interventions to achieve national targets, with emphasis on female youths who undergo special transitions in education, occupation, and lifestyle.
Flexible bronchoscopy has revolutionized respiratory disease diagnosis. It offers direct visualization and detection of airway abnormalities, including lung cancer lesions. Accurate identification of ...airway lesions during flexible bronchoscopy plays an important role in the lung cancer diagnosis. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) aims to support physicians in recognizing anatomical landmarks and lung cancer lesions within bronchoscopic imagery. This work described the development of BM-BronchoLC, a rich bronchoscopy dataset encompassing 106 lung cancer and 102 non-lung cancer patients. The dataset incorporates detailed localization and categorical annotations for both anatomical landmarks and lesions, meticulously conducted by senior doctors at Bach Mai Hospital, Vietnam. To assess the dataset's quality, we evaluate two prevalent AI backbone models, namely UNet++ and ESFPNet, on the image segmentation and classification tasks with single-task and multi-task learning paradigms. We present BM-BronchoLC as a reference dataset in developing AI models to assist diagnostic accuracy for anatomical landmarks and lung cancer lesions in bronchoscopy data.
•The WHO recommends patient/family empowerment to improve healthcare workers’ hand hygiene.•An empowerment tool was associated with improved hand hygiene.•The tool was acceptable to families and ...healthcare workers in a Vietnamese pediatric ICU.•Shyness, perceived lack of opportunity, and embarrassment prevented families from using tools.
The World Health Organization recommends empowering patients/families to remind healthcare workers (HCWs) to perform hand hygiene (HH). We sought to understand acceptability of a family empowerment strategy in a Vietnamese pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).
With end-user input, we designed a tool to help families in a PICU in Vietnam to remind HCWs to perform HH. We conducted 3 preliminary focus group discussions (FGDs) with patients’ family members (n = 8), physicians (n = 9), and nurses (n = 8) to understand acceptability of preliminary tools, attitudes towards HH and barriers to HH. Tools were then modified and implemented in a 5-week intervention study. We then conducted 3 more FGDs with families (n = 7), physicians (n = 7), and nurses (n = 8). Discussions were analyzed using qualitative directed content analysis. Families who used the tool were asked to complete written surveys.
Both family members and HCWs felt that HCWs had a responsibility to perform HH. Barriers to performing HH were identified, including forgetfulness and time constraints. Family members felt shy reminding HCWs to perform HH. However, the HH reminder tool was acceptable, and some felt it could overcome barriers to reminding HCWs to perform HH. HCWs felt embarrassed when reminded to perform HH, but felt that the reminder was useful. Nearly all (99%) survey respondents felt that family members should speak up if they noticed HCWs omitting HH.
A tool given to families to remind HCWs to perform HH was largely acceptable in a pediatric ICU in Vietnam. Perceived benefits of improving HH were felt to surmount barriers to tool use.
