We present a new catalog of 18080 radial velocity (RV) standard stars selected from the APOGEE data. These RV standard stars are observed at least three times and have a median stability (3 RV) ...around 240 m s−1 over a time baseline longer than 200 days. They are largely distributed in the northern sky and could be extended to the southern sky by the future APOGEE-2 survey. Most of the stars are red giants (J − Ks ≥ 0.5) owing to the APOGEE target selection criteria. Only about 10 per cent of them are main-sequence stars. The H-band magnitude range of the stars is 7-12.5 mag with the faint limit much fainter than the magnitudes of previous RV standard stars. As an application, we show the new set of standard stars to determine the RV zero points of the RAVE, the LAMOST, and the Gaia-RVS Galactic spectroscopic surveys.
Big Data in the area of Remote Sensing has been growing rapidly. Remote sensors are used in surveillance, security, traffic, environmental monitoring, and autonomous sensing. Real-time detection of ...small moving targets using a remote sensor is an ongoing, challenging problem. Since the object is located far away from the sensor, the object often appears too small. The object’s signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) is often very low. Occurrences such as camera motion, moving backgrounds (e.g., rustling leaves), low contrast and resolution of foreground objects makes it difficult to segment out the targeted moving objects of interest. Due to the limited appearance of the target, it is tough to obtain the target’s characteristics such as its shape and texture. Without these characteristics, filtering out false detections can be a difficult task. Detecting these targets, would often require the detector to operate under a low detection threshold. However, lowering the detection threshold could lead to an increase of false alarms. In this paper, the author will introduce a new method that improves the probability to detect low SNR objects, while decreasing the number of false alarms as compared to using the traditional baseline detection technique.
Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer among women in most countries (WHO). Ovarian hormone disorder is thought to be associated with breast tumorigenesis. The present study investigated ...the effects of estrogen and progesterone administration on cell proliferation and underlying mechanisms in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. It was found that a single administration of estradiol (E2) or progesterone increased MCF-7 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and promoted cell cycle progression by increasing the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase. A combination of E2 and progesterone led to a stronger effect than single treatment. Moreover, cyclin G1 was up-regulated by E2 and/or progesterone in MCF-7 cells. After knockdown of cyclin G1 in MCF-7 cells using a specific shRNA, estradiol- and progesterone-mediated cell viability and clonogenic ability were significantly limited. Additionally, estradiol- and progesterone-promoted cell accumulation in the G2/M phase was reversed after knockdown of cyclin G1. These data indicated that estrogen and progesterone promoted breast cancer cell proliferation by inducing the expression of cyclin G1. Our data indicated that novel therapeutics against cyclin G1 are promising for the treatment of estrogen- and progesterone-mediated breast cancer progression.
Abstract
We present a three-dimensional (3D) extinction analysis in the region towards the supernova remnant (SNR) S147 (G180.0–1.7) using multiband photometric data from the Xuyi Schmidt Telescope ...Photometric Survey of the Galactic Anticentre (XSTPS-GAC), 2MASS and WISE. We isolate a previously unrecognized dust structure likely to be associated with SNR S147. The structure, which we term as ‘S147 dust cloud’, is estimated to have a distance d = 1.22 ± 0.21 kpc, consistent with the conjecture that S147 is associated with pulsar PSR J0538 + 2817. The cloud includes several dense clumps of relatively high extinction that locate on the radio shell of S147 and coincide spatially with the CO and gamma-ray emission features. We conclude that the usage of CO measurements to trace the SNR associated MCs is unavoidably limited by the detection threshold, dust depletion and the difficulty of distance estimates in the outer Galaxy. 3D dust extinction mapping may provide a better way to identify and study SNR–MC interactions.
The FCC-structured medium entropy alloys (MEAs) possess excellent ductility, but their strength is still insufficient for engineering application. In this work, the effects of aluminum alloying and ...thermomechanical treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of an equiatomic VCoNi MEA were systematically investigated. The results showed the structure changed from a single FCC structure to an FCC and BCC dual-phase structure in the as-cast alloys as the Al content increased, and would further evolve into a multiple-phase structure after thermomechanical treatment. The Al alloying and thermomechanical treatment led to the formation of a refined and heterogeneous microstructure with nanoscaled precipitates, and the (VCoNi)93Al7 alloy exhibited very comprehensive properties of 1.3 GPa yield strength, 1.7 GPa ultimate tensile strength and 22.7% elongation. The strength increment was mainly due to the enhanced strengthening contributions from the dislocation, solid solution and precipitation as compared with the undoped alloy, while the good ductility was resulted from the optimal morphology and volume fraction of the second phases. This work was useful for developing high-performance medium entropy alloys by optimizing composition and treatment.
El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the main climate mode that drives the interannual variability in climate and consequently vegetation greenness. While widespread green‐up has been reported and ...examined in tropical America during El Niño, it remains unclear how vegetation in tropical Asia changes during the period. Here, we used four remote sensing‐based leaf area index (LAI) products to investigate changes in vegetation greenness during the 2015/16 El Niño in tropical Asia. We found a strong green‐up during the 2015/16 El Niño in tropical Asia, with its regional average LAI stronger than that of tropical America. The drivers for the green‐up vary across the region, with radiation being the main driver for continental tropical Asia, and temperature and soil water anomalies in the west and east parts of maritime tropical Asia, respectively. These findings provide important insights into the response of tropical Asia's vegetation to extreme climate anomalies.
Plain Language Summary
El Niño is a climate pattern that is associated with warm and dry conditions in tropical forest regions. Significant climatic changes during El Niño thus affect vegetation greenness (i.e., growth, size of canopy, amount of leaves). While an increase in vegetation greenness has been reported in tropical America during El Niño, it remains unclear how vegetation in tropical Asia changes during the period. Here, we used satellite data to investigate changes in vegetation greenness during El Niño in 2015–2016 in tropical Asia. We found a strong increase in vegetation greenness in tropical Asia during this period. The cause of this increase in greenness varied across different parts of tropical Asia. In mainland tropical Asia, sunlight was the main driver, while in maritime Southeast Asia, temperature or soil moisture was the main driver. These findings help provide better understanding of how vegetation in tropical Asia responds to extreme climate events like El Niño.
Key Points
Tropical Asia experienced strong green‐up during the 2015/16 El Niño, stronger than that of tropical America
In continental tropical Asia, green‐up was mostly driven by anomalously high shortwave radiation
In maritime tropical Asia, green‐up was primarily driven either by anomalously warmer temperatures or drier soil moisture from the west to east
The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of single oral doses of sutezolid tablets administered under fasting conditions in healthy adult subjects. The secondary ...objective was to determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) of sutezolid and two metabolites, PNU-101603 and PNU-101244. Overall, sutezolid was well tolerated when administered as a 300-mg, 600-mg, 1,200-mg, or 1,800-mg dose in healthy adult subjects under fasting conditions. Maximum concentration (
) of sutezolid, PNU-101603, and PNU-101244 increased in a less-than-proportional manner with an increase in sutezolid dose between 300 mg and 1,800 mg. Total exposure (AUC
area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to the time of the last quantifiable concentration and AUC
area under the plasma concentration time curve from time zero extrapolated to infinity) of sutezolid, PNU-101603, and PNU-101244 increased proportionally with an increase in sutezolid dose.
Photometric data from the Xuyi Schmidt Telescope Photometric Survey of the Galactic Anticentre (XSTPS-GAC) and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) are used to derive the global structure parameters ...of the smooth components of the Milky Way. The data, which cover nearly 11 000 deg2 sky area and the full range of Galactic latitude, allow us to construct a globally representative Galactic model. The number density distribution of Galactic halo stars is fitted with an oblate spheroid that decays by power law. The best fitting yields an axis ratio and a power-law index K = 0.65 and p = 2.79, respectively. The r-band differential star counts of three dwarf samples are then fitted with a Galactic model. The best-fitting model yielded by a Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis has thin and thick disc scale heights and lengths of H1 = 322 pc and L1 = 2343 pc, H2 = 794 pc and L2 = 3638 pc, a local thick-to-thin disc density ratio of f2 = 11 per cent, and a local density ratio of the oblate halo to the thin disc of fh = 0.16 per cent. The measured star count distribution, which is in good agreement with the above model for most of the sky area, shows a number of statistically significant large-scale overdensities, including some of the previously known substructures, such as the Virgo overdensity and the so-called 'north near structure', and a new feature between 150 degree <l<240 degree and -1 degree <b<-5 degree , at an estimated distance between 1.0 and 1.5 kpc. The Galactic North-South asymmetry in the anticentre is even stronger than previously thought.
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