Wheat is sensitive to high temperatures, but the spatial and temporal variability of high temperature and its impact on yield are often not known. An analysis of historical climate and yield data was ...undertaken to characterize the spatial and temporal variability of heat stress between heading and maturity and its impact on wheat grain yield in China. Several heat stress indices were developed to quantify heat intensity, frequency, and duration between heading and maturity based on measured maximum temperature records of the last 50 years from 166 stations in the main wheat‐growing region of China. Surprisingly, heat stress between heading and maturity was more severe in the generally cooler northern wheat‐growing regions than the generally warmer southern regions of China, because of the delayed time of heading with low temperatures during the earlier growing season and the exposure of the post‐heading phase into the warmer part of the year. Heat stress between heading and maturity has increased in the last decades in most of the main winter wheat production areas of China, but the rate was higher in the south than in the north. The correlation between measured grain yields and post‐heading heat stress and average temperature were statistically significant in the entire wheat‐producing region, and explained about 29% of the observed spatial and temporal yield variability. A heat stress index considering the duration and intensity of heat between heading and maturity was required to describe the correlation of heat stress and yield variability. Because heat stress is a major cause of yield loss and the number of heat events is projected to increase in the future, quantifying the future impact of heat stress on wheat production and developing appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies are critical for developing food security policies in China and elsewhere.
Implant design for the correction of osteoporotic unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients is a controversial issue. Our study aims to compare the efficacy of PFNA and cementless ...bipolar hemiarthroplasty (CBH) in treating osteoporotic unstable intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly.
We retrospectively assessed 70 elderly patients, aged > 70 years old, with intertrochanteric fractures (AO/OTA 31-A2 fractures) from 2014 to 2019. Among them, 34 patients received PFNA and 36 patients received CBH, accompanied with 2-year follow-ups. Additionally, the efficacy difference between the two implants was compared.
Both groups had similar general variables like age, gender, fracture site, degree of osteoporosis, fracture classification, ASA score, basic diseases, preoperative preparation time, anesthesia mode, amount of postoperative blood loss, hospital length of stay, along with postoperative blood transfusions and postoperative complications (P > 0.05). Conversely, significant differences were observed among intraoperative variables (amount of blood loss, amount of blood transfusions, operative time, number of intraoperative fluoroscopy), postoperative variables (weight-bearing time out of bed), and Harris hip function score within 12 months of operation (P < 0.05).
CBH showed no obvious advantage over PFNA in the perioperative period in elderly patients with osteoporotic unstable intertrochanteric fractures. However, the joint replacement allowed for earlier ambulation after the operation and rapid recovery of the hip joint function.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Cellular adaptation to a hypoxic microenvironment is essential for tumor progression and is largely mediated by HIF-1α through coordinated regulation of hypoxia-responsive genes. The chemokine SDF-1α ...and its unique receptor CXCR4 have been implicated in organ-specific metastases of many cancers. In this study, we investigated the response of osteosarcoma cells to hypoxia and the expression of CXCR4 and HIF-1α in human osteosarcoma specimens and explored the roles of CXCR4 and HIF-1α in the cell migration process.
We performed immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blots and fluorescent reporter assays to evaluate the correlation between CXCR4 and HIF-1α expression in human osteosarcoma specimens or SOSP-9607 cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Transwell assays were used to assess cell migration under different conditions. Exposure of SOSP-9607 cells to hypoxic conditions resulted in significantly increased migration. When SOSP-9607 cells were subjected to hypoxic conditions, the mRNA and protein levels of CXCR4 were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, siHIF-1α significantly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of CXCR4 under hypoxia, whereas pcDNA-HIF-1α significantly increased the mRNA and protein levels of CXCR4 under normoxia. A luciferase reporter gene study showed that siHIF-1α reduced pGL3-CXCR4 luciferase activity. Furthermore, coexpression of HIF-1α and CXCR4 was significantly higher in patients with distant metastasis compared with those without metastasis.
The hypoxia-HIF-1α-CXCR4 pathway plays a crucial role during the migration of human osteosarcoma cells, and targeting this pathway might represent a novel therapeutic strategy for patients suffering from osteosarcoma.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In plants, the bZIP family plays vital roles in various biological processes, including seed maturation, flower development, light signal transduction, pathogen defense, and various stress responses. ...Tea, as a popular beverage, is widely cultivated and has withstood a degree of environmental adversity. Currently, knowledge of the bZIP gene family in tea plants remains very limited. In this study, a total of 76
CsbZIP
genes in tea plant were identified for the whole genome. Phylogenetic analysis with
Arabidopsis
counterparts revealed that CsbZIP proteins clustered into 13 subgroups, among which 13 ABFs related to the ABA signaling transduction pathway were further identified by conserved motif alignment and named CsABF1-13, these belonged to the A and S subgroups of CsbZIP and had close evolutionary relationships, possessing uniform or similar motif compositions. Transcriptome analysis revealed the expression profiles of
CsABF
genes in different tissues (bud, young leaf, mature leaf, old leaf, stem, root, flower, and fruit) and under diverse environmental stresses (drought, salt, chilling, and MeJA). Several
CsABF
genes with relatively low tissue expression, including
CsABF1
,
CsABF5
,
CsABF9
, and
CsABF10
, showed strong expression induction in stress response. Thirteen
CsABF
genes, were examined by qRT-PCR in two tea plant cultivars, drought-tolerant “Taicha 12” and drought-sensitive “Fuyun 6”, under exogenous ABA and drought stress. Furthermore,
CsABF2
,
CsABF8
, and
CsABF11
, were screened out as key transcription factors regulating drought tolerance of tea cultivars. Subsequently, some potential target genes regulated by CsABFs were screened by co-expression network and enrichment analysis. This study update CsbZIP gene family and provides a global survey of the ABF gene family in tea plant. The resolution of the molecular mechanism of drought resistance in different varieties could be helpful for improving stress resistance in tea plant via genetic engineering.
Neural networks can approximate the neuron information of all quantitative or qualitative nonlinear relationship, any complex is stored in the potential distribution in the network. It has strong ...robustness and fault tolerance, using the parallel distribution processing method, making quick lots of computing is possible. The mature prediction method in artificial intelligence, or the neural network method to forecast, this kind of algorithm has theoretical support to mature, reliable predictions of the information. In this paper, the authors analyze the market revenue prediction and error analysis of products based on fuzzy logic and artificial intelligence algorithms. The results of this paper can be concluded that the neural network algorithm has a high accuracy in predicting the future sales of the product, and the prediction error can be controlled within 4%. Through the establishment of the neural network model of future product sales forecast, we can predict the future product sales, can grasp the market direction, and make the enterprise get the maximum profit.
Ferromagnetic alloys/carbon composites with excellent electrical and magnetic properties are highly desirable as electromagnetic wave absorption materials, but achieving high‐attenuation performance ...in C‐band (4–8 GHz) remains a challenge. Herein, a direct carbothermal reduction of organic gluconate solid‐solution precursor method is developed to synthesize ferromagnetic Fe‐Co‐Ni alloy/carbon composites, which realize high‐attenuation electromagnetic wave absorption in C‐band. By virtue of Fe, Co, and Ni elements homogeneously dispersing at the molecular level in the solid‐solution precursor with the regulated mole ratio, serial FeCo2Ni/C, Co7Fe3/C, FeNi3/C, and Co3Ni/C composites can be deliberately prepared. First‐principles calculations and off‐axis electron holograms can clearly unravel that these Fe‐Co‐Ni alloys could perform as excellent dielectric‐magnetic complementary loss units to trigger synergistic electronic dipole polarization oscillation, magnetic moment resonance, and magnetic coupling interaction. Meanwhile, the rich alloy–carbon interfaces and conductive carbon skeleton can facilitate delightful interfacial polarization and conductive loss. Combining these positive electromagnetic energy dissipation characteristics, FeCo2Ni/C with strengthened dipole polarization oscillation and outstanding impedance matching realizes an extremely high‐attenuation absorption performance with a minimum reflection loss of −82.2 dB at 5.21 GHz. This work provides a feasible and flexible insight into producing magnetic‐dielectric complementary Fe‐Co‐Ni alloys/carbon composites with various alloy compositions as excellent electromagnetic wave absorbers.
Ferromagnetic Fe‐Co‐Ni alloy/carbon composites (FeCo2Ni/C, Co7Fe3/C, FeNi3/C, and Co3Ni/C) are synthesized via carbothermal reduction of solid‐solution precursors. Remarkable magnetic‐dielectric complementary attenuation capabilities, such as electronic dipole polarization oscillation, interfacial polarization, conductive loss, magnetic moments resonance, and magnetic coupling interaction, are simultaneously achieved by Fe‐Co‐Ni alloy/carbon composites. The as‐prepared composites deliver high‐attenuation C‐band microwave absorption performance.
In this letter, based on orthogonal Golay sequence sets and orthogonal matrices, general constructions of zero correlation zone (ZCZ) aperiodic complementary sequence (ZACS) sets are proposed. The ...resultant ZACSs have column sequence peak-to-mean envelop power ratio (PMEPR) of at most 2, and the parameters of the sequence sets are optimal with respect to the theoretical bound. The novel ZACS sets are suitable for approximately synchronized multi-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) communication systems.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In the present research, we explored a new oncogene, derlin-1 (DERL1), and studied its role and mechanism in human ...HCC.
We assessed the expression and prognosis value of DERL1 in human HCC by using GEPIA dataset analysis and immunohistochemistry. To elucidate the specific function of DERL1, we suppressed its expression in two HCC cell lines, HuH7 and Hep3B, and overexpressed DERL1 in Hep3B cells. Cell proliferation and migration was detected by CCK8 and transwell assays. Cell flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell apoptosis.
Our results demonstrated that DERL1 was highly expressed in HCC samples (n = 369) than in normal samples (n = 160). Similar results were obtained in 60 clinical samples that we collected from the local hospital. The high expression rate of DERL1 reached 78.3% (47/60). DERL1 overexpression samples were concentrated in patients with tumor diameters >5cm or lymph node metastases. Thus, we speculated that DERL1 operated as a tumor promotor in HCC, and its expression might be proposed as a predictor for tumor metastasis of human HCC. Interference of DERL1 markedly blocked cell proliferation and migration, and induced the apoptosis of HCC cells in vitro. Phosphorylation of Akt was significantly inhibited in cells transfected with DERL1 siRNA compared to their control cells in HuH7 and Hep3B cell lines. The opposite result was observed in the DERL1 overexpression cells.
Our findings prove that DERL1 promotes tumor progression via AKT pathway and provide a new potential target for the clinical treatment and diagnosis of human HCC.
Lactogenic immunity is important for the protection of piglets against many pathogens including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Circulating neutralizing antibodies levels in sow sera may help ...determine if a detectable immune response could confer protection to piglets. Neutralizing antibodies can be detected through various diagnostic assays. This study evaluated the diagnostic characteristics of two neutralizing antibody assays for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus neutralizing antibodies in serum of challenged gilts. Four treatment groups, control, non-vaccinated, vaccinated prior to challenge, and vaccinated following challenge, were comprised of 20 gilts. Serum sample were collected from each gilt prior to and following challenge with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Samples were evaluated for the presence of neutralizing antibodies via a fluorescent focus neutralization assay and a high-throughput neutralization assay. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for the fluorescent focus neutralization and high-throughput neutralization assays for this study were optimized at a cutoff of a dilution of 80 and 80% fluorescent reduction respectively and demonstrated moderate agreement based off the kappa statistic. The focus fluorescent neutralization and high-throughput neutralization assays can be used to monitor the status of neutralizing antibodies within animals or a population of animals. The high-throughput assay has advantages over the focus fluorescent assay in that it has a higher specificity at the indicated cut-off and the nature of the results allows for more discrimination between individual results.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In cognitive radio (CR) networks with non-continuous carriers, designing spectrally-null-constrained (SNC) sequences with good correlation properties is an important research task. In this letter, ...two types of SNC sequences with zero correlation zone (ZCZ) property are considered: single-channel SNC-ZCZ sequences and multi-channel SNC-Z-periodic complementary sequences (SNC-ZPCSs), which have potential applications for CR-multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel estimation and CR-quasi-synchronization communications to achieve interference-free performance. The resultant SNC-ZCZ sequence sets are optimal with respect to the theoretical bound and the spectral-null constraint can be set flexibly. Simulation results demonstrate that such sequences are suitable for pilot design in CR-MIMO-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. Besides, a construction of multi-channel SNC-ZPCS sets was provided based on single-channel SNC-ZCZ sequence sets.
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