Članek obravnava jezikovno realnost slovenskih državljanov v Avstriji, ki s prenosom svojega prebivališča ali delovnega mesta zaradi nemščine, njenih različic in drugih jezikov, ki se tam govorijo, ...vstopijo v jezikovno heterogen družbeni prostor. Namen raziskave je bil na eni strani ugotoviti, katere jezike in jezikovne zvrsti slovenski uporabljajo državljani v svojem (delovnem) vsakdanjiku v Avstriji, na drugi strani pa, ali med priseljenci in čezmejnimi delavci obstajajo statistično značilne razlike. Raziskava ponuja prvi sociolingvistični vpogled v še precej neraziskano temo.
Die sprachliche Realität slowenischer Staatsangehöriger, die ihren Wohnort oder Arbeitsplatz nach Österreich verlagern, gestaltet sich durch die deutsche Amtssprache, ihre Varietäten und andere, dort ...gesprochene Sprachen mitunter sehr divers. Während das sprachliche Handeln von GrenzgängerInnen bereits vereinzelt betrachtet wurde (vgl. Lipavic Oštir), fanden ausgewan-derte Personen weniger Beachtung. Vor allem der Vergleich zwischen beiden Gruppen stellt ein Desiderat der soziolinguistischen Forschung dar. Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht daher zum einen die Sprachpraxis von slowenischen Staatsangehörigen in Österreich und be-trachtet zum anderen erstmals Unterschiede zwischen AuswanderInnen (n = 254) und Grenz-gängerInnen (n = 253) mittels quantitativer und qualitativer Analysen. Die Untersuchungen erfolgten hinsichtlich dreier Dimensionen: (1) Sprachrepertoire, (2) Spracheinstellungen und (3) Sprachenverwendung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen unter anderem, dass sich (1) beide Gruppen in der Art und Weise wie sie Deutsch in Slowenien erworben haben und in der Bewertung ihrer Standarddeutsch- und Dialektkenntnisse unterscheiden, (2) AuswanderInnen den österreichi-schen Standard und Dialekt fast ausschließlich besser beurteilen als GrenzgängerInnen und auch ihren SprecherInnen in einigen Merkmalsdimensionen höhere Werte zuweisen, (3) Aus-wanderInnen im Alltag in Österreich häufiger Standarddeutsch, GrenzgängerInnen hingegen öfter slowenische oder deutsche Dialektvarianten verwenden und sich in fünf von zehn kom-munikativen Interaktionsszenarien unterschiedliches Sprachakkommodationsverhalten zwi-schen beiden Gruppen zeigt. In Anbetracht der zunehmenden (Aus)Wanderungsbewegungen slowenischer Staatsangehöriger nach Österreich stellt die Studie eine erste Grundlage zur Er-forschung transnationaler Sprachpraxis in einer plurizentrischen Super-Diversity-Gesellschaft dar, die es durch weitere Untersuchungen zu ergänzen gilt.
V pričujočem članku smo v sklopu projekta »Jeziki štejejo« s pomočjo t. i. instrumenta jezikovni portreti ugotavljali razlike v dojemanju posameznih jezikov med učenci petih razredov. Posebno ...pozornost smo namenili primerjavi odgovorov med učenci, ki obiskujejo osnovne šole na narodno mešanem območju slovenske Istre in Prekmurja, in učenci, ki obiskujejo osnovne šole drugje v Sloveniji. Na podlagi rezultatov smo ugotovili, da med učenci prihaja do statistično značilnih razlik glede na obiskovan model osnovne šole v tem, katere jezike so najpogosteje označevali v jezikovnih portretih in katero mesto so posameznim jezikom dodelili.
In this article, which originated as part of the project “Jeziki štejejo” (Languages matter), we discuss the differences in perception of individual languages, expressed through language portraits ...created by fifth-grade elementary school students. Special attention was paid to the comparison of portraits between pupils in nationally diverse regions (Slovenian Istria and Prekmurje) and pupils in other parts of the country. The results of quantitative analysis of these language portraits reveal statistically relevant differences with regard to the school model. Differences were particularly evident in the choice of marked languages and the position of each individual language in the language portraits.
In this article, which originated as part of the project “Jeziki štejejo” (Languages matter), we discuss the differences in perception of individual languages, expressed through language portraits ...created by fifth-grade elementary school students. Special attention was paid to the comparison of portraits between pupils in nationally diverse regions (Slovenian Istria and Prekmurje) and pupils in other parts of the country. The results of quantitative analysis of these language portraits reveal statistically relevant differences with regard to the school model. Differences were particularly evident in the choice of marked languages and the position of each individual language in the language portraits.
Atherosclerosis is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. With therapeutic consequences in mind, several risk scores are being used to differentiate individuals with low, ...intermediate or high cardiovascular (CV) event risk. The most appropriate management of intermediate risk individuals is still not known, therefore, novel biomarkers are being sought to help re-stratify them as low or high risk. This narrative review is presented in two parts. Here, in Part 1, we summarise current knowledge on serum (serological) biomarkers of atherosclerosis. Among novel biomarkers, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) has emerged as the most promising in chronic situations, others need further clinical studies. However, it seems that a combination of serum biomarkers offers more to risk stratification than either biomarker alone. In Part 2, we address genetic and imaging markers of atherosclerosis, as well as other developments relevant to risk prediction.
This is Part 2 of a two-part review summarising current knowledge on biomarkers of atherosclerosis. Part 1 addressed serological biomarkers. Here, in part 2 we address genetic and imaging markers, ...and other developments in predicting risk. Further improvements in risk stratification are expected with the addition of genetic risk scores. In addition to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), recent advances in epigenetics offer DNA methylation profiles, histone chemical modifications, and micro-RNAs as other promising indicators of atherosclerosis. Imaging biomarkers are better studied and already have a higher degree of clinical applicability in cardiovascular (CV) event prediction and detection of preclinical atherosclerosis. With new methodologies, such as proteomics and metabolomics, discoveries of new clinically applicable biomarkers are expected.
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