Abstract
In this paper the excitations of collective electronic modes and currents induced in nanostructured semiconductor systems by two-mode quantum light with non-zero orbital angular momenta are ...investigated. Transfer of photon correlations to the excitations and currents induced in the semiconductor system is demonstrated. Birth of correlated electrons arising in the conduction band of the nanostructure due to the interaction with correlated photons of quantum light is found. Azimuthal and radial spatial distributions of the entangled electrons are established. The obtained results make possible to register the correlated electrons experimentally and to implement quantum information and nanoelectronics circuits in nanosystems using the found azimuthal and radial electron entanglement.
We develop a fully quantum theoretical approach which describes the dynamics of Frenkel excitons and bi-excitons induced by few photon quantum light in a quantum well or wire (atomic chain) of finite ...lateral size. The excitation process is found to consist in the Rabi-like oscillations between the collective symmetric states characterized by discrete energy levels. At the same time, the enhanced excitation of high-lying free exciton states being in resonance with these 'dressed' polariton eigenstates is revealed. This found new effect is referred to as the formation of Rabi-shifted resonances and appears to be the most important and new feature established for the excitation of 1D and 2D nanostructures with final lateral size. The found new physics changes dramatically the conventional concepts of exciton formation and play an important role for the development of nanoelectronics and quantum information protocols involving manifold excitations in nanosystems.
We show how novel photonic devices such as broadband quantum memory and efficient quantum frequency transduction can be implemented using three-wave mixing processes in a 1D array of nonlinear ...waveguides evanescently coupled to nearest neighbors. We do this using an analogy of an atom interacting with an external optical field using both classical and quantum models of the optical fields and adapting well-known coherent processes from atomic optics, such as electromagnetically induced transparency and stimulated Raman adiabatic passage to design. This approach allows the implementation of devices that are very difficult or impossible to implement by conventional techniques.
The article is dedicated to Professor Vsevolod Nikolaevich Ruzhnikov, Doctor of Philology, whose name is associated with the very first scientific studies of the phenomenon of radio, radiotelegraphy ...and radiotelephony. The purpose of the author is to recall that Professor Ruzhnikov is the founder of the national scientific school of radio journalism: he comprehended and systematically presented (in the format of textbooks and monographs) the history of radio broadcasting and radio journalism, presented the genre palette of radio programs, studied the functions and principles of radio organizations. He is a co-organizer of the country’s first university department of radio broadcasting and television of the Faculty of Journalism of Moscow State University (now it is called the Department of Television and Radio Broadcasting). The contribution of Vsevolod Nikolaevich Ruzhnikov to editorial and publishing activities is significant; the features of his editing of scientific texts require a separate study. The author of the article, in the past a postgraduate student of the professor, and now the scientific editor of the annual Ruzhnikov Readings at Moscow State University, refers to unstudied materials that are not known to modern media students and young scientists, radio journalists. The facts of the biography of Professor Ruzhnikov reflect the personality of a teacher and a citizen - a bearer of high moral values. The article uses the methods of retrospection, observation and in-depth interviews.
The proteins of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that originate from tumors reflect the producer cells' proteomes and can be detected in biological fluids. Thus, EVs provide proteomic signatures that are ...of great interest for screening and predictive cancer diagnostics. By applying targeted mass spectrometry with stable isotope-labeled peptide standards, we assessed the levels of 28 EV-associated proteins, including the conventional exosome markers CD9, CD63, CD81, CD82, and HSPA8, in vesicles derived from the lung cancer cell lines NCI-H23 and A549. Furthermore, we evaluated the detectability of these proteins and their abundance in plasma samples from 34 lung cancer patients and 23 healthy volunteers. The abundance of TLN1, TUBA4A, HSPA8, ITGB3, TSG101, and PACSIN2 in the plasma of lung cancer patients was measured using targeted mass spectrometry and compared to that in plasma from healthy volunteers. The most diagnostically potent markers were TLN1 (AUC, 0.95), TUBA4A (AUC, 0.91), and HSPA8 (AUC, 0.88). The obtained EV proteomic signature allowed us to distinguish between the lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma histological types. The proteomic cargo of the extracellular vesicles represents a promising source of potential biomarkers.
Exogenous bioactive peptides are considered promising for the wound healing therapy in humans. In this regard, parasitic trematodes proteins may potentially become a new perspective agents. Foodborne ...trematode Opisthorchis felineus is widespread in Europe and has the ability to stimulate proliferation of bile duct epithelium. In this study, we investigated skin wound healing potential of O. felineus proteins in mouse model. C57Bl/6 mice were inflicted with superficial wounds with 8 mm diameter. Experimental groups included several non-specific controls and specific treatment groups (excretory-secretory product and lysate). After 10 days of the experiment, the percentage of wound healing in the specific treatment groups significantly exceeded the control values. We also found that wound treatment with excretory-secretory product and worm lysate resulted in: (i) inflammation reducing, (ii) vascular response modulating, (iii) type 1 collagen deposition promoting dermal ECM remodeling. An additional proteomic analysis of excretory-secretory product and worm lysate samples was revealed 111 common proteins. The obtained data indicate a high wound-healing potential of liver fluke proteins and open prospects for further research as new therapeutic approaches.
CD133 is an extensively studied marker of the most malignant tumor cell population, designated as cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the function of this glycoprotein and its involvement in cell ...regulatory cascades are still poorly understood. Here we show a positive correlation between the level of CD133 plasma membrane expression and the proliferative activity of cells of the Caco-2, HT-29, and HUH7 cancer cell lines. Despite a substantial difference in the proliferative activities of cell populations with different levels of CD133 expression, transcriptomic and proteomic profiling revealed only minor distinctions between them. Nonetheless, a further in silico assessment of the differentially expressed transcripts and proteins revealed 16 proteins that could be involved in the regulation of CD133 expression; these were assigned ranks reflecting the apparent extent of their involvement. Among them, the TRIM28 transcription factor had the highest rank. The prominent role of TRIM28 in CD133 expression modulation was confirmed experimentally in the Caco2 cell line clones: the knockout, though not the knockdown, of the TRIM28 gene downregulated CD133. These results for the first time highlight an important role of the TRIM28 transcription factor in the regulation of CD133-associated cancer cell heterogeneity.
Bright squeezed vacuum, a promising tool for quantum information, can be generated by high-gain parametric down-conversion. However, its frequency and angular spectra are typically quite broad, which ...is undesirable for applications requiring single-mode radiation. We tailor the frequency spectrum of high-gain parametric down-conversion using an SU(1,1) interferometer consisting of two nonlinear crystals with a dispersive medium separating them. The dispersive medium allows us to select a narrow band of the frequency spectrum to be exponentially amplified by high-gain parametric amplification. The frequency spectrum is thereby narrowed from (56.5±0.1) to (1.22±0.02) THz and, in doing so, the number of frequency modes is reduced from approximately 50 to 1.82±0.02. Moreover, this method provides control and flexibility over the spectrum of the generated light through the timing of the pump.
In vitro models are often used for studying macrophage functions, including the process of phagocytosis. The application of primary macrophages has limitations associated with the individual ...characteristics of animals, which can lead to insufficient standardization and higher variability of the obtained results. Immortalized cell lines do not have these disadvantages, but their responses to various signals can differ from those of the living organism. In the present study, a comparative proteomic analysis of immortalized PMJ2-R cell line and primary peritoneal macrophages isolated from C57BL/6 mice was performed. A total of 4005 proteins were identified, of which 797 were quantified. Obtained results indicate significant differences in the abundances of many proteins, including essential proteins associated with the process of phagocytosis, such as Elmo1, Gsn, Hspa8, Itgb1, Ncf2, Rac2, Rack1, Sirpa, Sod1, C3, and Msr1. These findings indicate that outcomes of studies utilizing PMJ2-R cells as a model of peritoneal macrophages should be carefully validated. All MS data are deposited in ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD022133.
Human placenta hydrolysates (HPH), the study of which was initiated by the scientific school of Vladimir P. Filatov, are currently being investigated using modern proteomic technologies. HPH is a ...promising tool for maintaining the function of mitochondria and regenerating tissues and organs with a high content of mitochondria (liver, heart muscle, skeletal muscles, etc.). The molecular mechanisms of action of HPH are practically not studied.
Identification of mitochondrial support mitochondrial function-supporting peptides in HPH (Laennec, produced by Japan Bioproducts).
Data on the chemical structure of the peptides were collected through a mass spectrometric experiment. Then, to establish the amino acid sequences of the peptides,
peptide sequencing algorithms based on the mathematical theory of topological and metric analysis of chemographs were applied. Bioinformatic analysis of the peptide composition of HPH was carried out using the integral protein annotation method.
The biological functions of 41 peptides in the composition of HPH have been identified and described. Among the target proteins, the activity of which is regulated by the identified peptides and significantly affects the function of mitochondria, are caspases (CASP1, CASP3, CASP4) and other proteins regulating apoptosis (BCL2, CANPL1, PPARA), MAP kinases (MAPK1, MAPK3, MAPK4, MAPK8, MAPK9 , MAPK10, MAPK14), AKT1/GSK3B/MTOR cascade kinases, and a number of other target proteins (ADGRG6 receptor, inhibitor of NF-êB kinase IKKE, pyruvate dehydrogenase 2/3/4, SIRT1 sirtuin deacetylase, ULK1 kinase).
HPH peptides have been identified that promote inhibition of mitochondrial pore formation, apoptosis, and excessive mitochondrial autophagy under conditions of oxidative/toxic stress, chronic inflammation, and/or hyperinsulinemia.
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