Climate change, linked with an increase in temperature, contributes to the possibility growing of non-typical and lesser-known vegetable species in the Slovak Republic, including okra. Seven okra ...cultivars were tested as part of this study, which focused on the basic yield parameters, antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content in okra fruits. The statistical analysis of obtained results revealed significant differences in all monitored parameters of okra. The selection of “plastic” crop cultivars that can produce a steadier yield in each growing year is required due to the significant climate variations between growing seasons. In this regard, the okra cultivar ‘Baby Bubba’ can be recommended. The results also showed the high antioxidant activity and polyphenol content of okra pulp and seeds. Okra has a higher nutritional quality than other vegetable species frequently grown in the Slovak Republic. Okra cultivars ‘Burgundy’, ‘Pure Luck F1′ and ‘Jing Orange’ can be suggested from a nutritional perspective. Finally, it is possible to state that okra cultivars showed good yield potential and nutritional quality compared to the studies realized in countries in which okra is known and commonly used by the human population.
The aim of work was the investigation of the input of chosen heavy metals into chickpea and polyphenols accumulation in seeds cultivated after Zn and Cu application into soil in model conditions. The ...soil used in the pot trial was uncontaminated. Chickpea (cv. Slovák) was harvested in full ripeness. With increased Zn (Cu) doses applied into the soil (0-500 and 0-100 mg.kg-1 for Zn and Cu, respectively), the strong statistical positive relationship between soil Zn (Cu) content and Zn (Cu) amount in seeds of chickpea was confirmed. Despite of high Zn (Cu) doses applied into the soil in model conditions, in all variants the determined Zn and Cu amount in chickpea was below the maximal allowed content in foodstuffs. Chickpea cv. Slovák accumulated high amounts of Pb and Cd (in all variants higher than hygienic limits). The contents of other tested heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr) were lower than hygienic limits. With increased Zn doses applied into the soil the polyphenols contents determined in seeds of chickpea were increased. With increased Cu doses applied into the soil the polyphenols contents determined in seeds of chickpea were decreased. The strong statistical relationship between soil Zn content and polyphenols amount (R=0.911) as well as the antioxidant capacity values (R=0.992) was confirmed. The moderate statistical linear negative relationship between soil Cu content and polyphenols content (R= - 0.671) and increased antioxidant capacity values in seeds of chickpea was confirmed.
We investigated the impact of zinc on chosen heavy metals contents (Cu, Zn, Co, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni) and polyphenols content and antioxidant capacity of chosen legume. Used soil was from Cakajovce ...locality (located in Nitra upland) with the neutral soil reaction suitable for the legume cultivation. Determined Cd content as well as Pb content in the soil was on the level of critical value given for the relationship between soil and plant. The values of both elements were far below threshold values proposed by European Commission. In experiment we used two cultivars of fababean - Saturn, Zobor. Seeds of fababean were harvested in milk ripeness. The different high doses of zinc (as ZnSO4.7H2O) were applied into the uncontaminated soil in model conditions. The strong statistical relationship between added Zn content in the soil and in seeds of both faba bean cultivars as well as was the total polyphenols content and the total antioxidant capacity values was confirmed. In all variants the determined Zn amount was below (Saturn) or slightly above (Zobor) the hygienic limit given by the legislative. On the other hand faba bean of both cultivars accumulated high amounts of Pb and Cd - in all variants higher than hygienic limits. The contents of all other heavy metals (Ni, Co, Cr, Cu) were lower than hygienic limits. The polyphenols content ranged from 2208 to 4622 milligrams per kilogram of fresh sample calculated as gallic acid equivalents. Faba bean shows a very small antioxidant capacity - 4.66 - 5.71% of DPPH inhibition.
The green pea is ranged between the crops with high antioxidant potential. This potential is connected with phytochemical components mainly with polyphenols. All these bioactive chemicals have ...disease-fighting properties. In real human diet there is no usually possibility of fresh garden pea consumption during the whole year. The total polyphenol content is significantly changed among other things by processing methods. Focus on variety, bio-fortification and other specific agricultural inputs, could be the right method of total polyphenol contents and total antioxidant capacity increasing. The main objective of the present work was to consider the changes of total polyphenols content in dependence on variety and to evaluate an antioxidant potential six garden pea varieties arranged by the ripening point of view. Variety Exzeleus belongs to very early type, Premium is early maturing, Flavora is middle ripening variety and the last three varieties Utrio, Jumbo and Ambassador are middle late types of varieties. Every variety was grown in four replications, i.e. on 24 m2 total plot in Botanical garden of Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra during 2013. Total polyphenols were determined by the Lachman´s method and expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalent per kg fresh mater. Total antioxidant capacity was measured by the Brand-Williams method using a compound DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-pikrylhydrazyl)). The highest value was reached in case of variety ´Jumbo´ 1179.995 ±28.081 mg/kg, the lowest value in case of ´Premium´ 674.505 ±26.541 mg/kg. When evaluating an antioxidant capacity in chosen varieties of garden pea, the interval estimated by our trail ranged from 0.523 ±0.206% (Exzeleus) to 6.844 ±0.591% (Flavora). Following the both observed parameters, TPC and TAC, variety Flavora (as a member of middle ripening varieties) seems to be the most optimal from the human nutrition point of view. The various varieties had significant influence on TPC and TAC according to used statistical analyzes. Within the all observed varieties, when they were arranged by ripening, there was estimated significant difference only in case of garden pea varieties ´early - middle late. Other couples didn´t show any statistical important differences in total polyphenol content
The key aim of our study was to define the correlation of total polyphenols contents in seven cultivars of strawberries (Clery, Sonata, Alba, Korona, Ázia juh, Anthea, Joly) grown in the parcels with ...exceeded levels of pseudo-total Cd and mobile Pb in soil. Strawberries were grown in rows long 200 m, the distance of the plants was 0.35 m and inter-row distance was 1 m. Following fertilizing was applied - at the beginning of vegetation period the doses of elements (in kg.ha) were: N48.2 +P78.3 +K66.3 +Mg7.2, afterwards 23 days of elements were applied in liquid irrigation in amount: N46.5 +P34.8 +K118.7. Heavy metals in contamination soil were analysed by the method of atomic absorption spectroscopy and total contents of polyphenols spectrophotometrically. The highest content of all monitored parameters (pseudo-total and mobile Cd and Pb, as well as the amount of total polyphenols) was found in Ázia juh cultivar. There was statistically significant positive relation of total polyphenols contents in Anthea cultivar to levels of all monitored forms of metals in soil and contrary, in Clery cultivar there was found non-correlation of total polyphenols contents on levels of monitored heavy metals in soil (mainly of mobile contents of Cd and Pb contents). Contents of mobile forms of individual heavy metals positively correlated with total polyphenols (except of Clery and Ázia juh cultivars). Varietal relation on levels of total polyphenols was confirmed in experiment prior to relation of these organic compounds to the presence of monitored heavy metals in soil.
In the plant, the polyphenols create in the defense mechanism against stress conditions, such as heavy metals. In view of the above aspects, therefore we will work focused on monitoring the influence ...of accumulation of cadmium on the formation of polyphenols in lentil and faba bean in a model vegetation conditions, in which have been deliberately added dose of Cd with 5,10,15 multiple as the limit value claimed by the limits of the Law no. 220/2004 Z.z. to assess the state of soil contamination. In all scenarios exceed the maximum permitted levels for Food Codex SR for cadmium in grains of both crops. Influence of soil contamination on the content of polyphenols was significantly confirmed, although the content of polyphenols in some variants show some tendency with increasing dose of heavy metal, but results both indicate that the formation of polyphenols (as response to stress) is probably genetically determined.
The aim of this work is to evaluate the extent of risk for the transfer of heavy metals from contaminated soil to selected parts of crops. The goal is to be achieved under the model conditions of ...vegetation pot experiment. Soil taken from the area of Výčapy-Opatovce and three types of cereals - millet (Panicum miliaceum) cv. UNIQUM, oats (Avena sativa) cv. ATEGO and amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus) - were used. For each crop, four variants (A - control with basic ferilization, B, C, D) were made and cadmium in the form of a water-soluble salt of Cd(NO
was applied in gradual specific doses with 5- (variant B), 10- (variant C), 15-fold (variant D) as the limit values by Law no. 220/2004 Z.z. to assess the state of soil contamination. Crops were harvested at ‘full ripeness’ and using the AAS method (VARIAN 240FS) the heavy metal content was determined by the wet mineralization of plant samples. The lowest cadmium content in the aboveground biomass was observed in millet in comparison to other plants, while the highest was recorded in amaranth. The highest increase in the cadmium content in the aboveground biomass in this crop (appr. 18-fold) was noticed in variant C. The lowest cadmium content was also observed in millet seeds. The highest content of Cd in the seeds was recorded in oats in all variants.
Celem pracy jest ocena zakresu narażenia na przemieszczenie metali ciężkich z zanieczyszczonej gleby na wybrane części plonów. Ocenę przeprowadzono w doświadczeniu z uprawą roślin w pojemnikach w warunkach modelowych. Zastosowano próbki gleb z obszaru Výčapy- Opatovce oraz trzy typy zbóż: proso (Panicum miliaceum) cv. UNIQUM, owies (Avena sativa) cv. ATEGO oraz szarłat (Amaranthus caudatus). Dla każdego zboża wykonano cztery warianty eksperymentu (A - wariant kontrolny z normalnym nawożeniem, B, C, i D), w których do próbek gleb dodano kadm w postaci rozpuszczalnej soli Cd(NO
w ilości stopniowo wzrastających dawek: 5 (wariant B), 10 (wariant C), i 15 (wariant D) - krotności wartości granicznej ustanowionej przez Ustawę nr 220/2004 Z.z. w celu oceny stopnia zanieczyszczenia gleby. Zboża uprawiano do całkowitej dojrzałości; zawartość metali ciężkich oceniono z zastosowaniem metody AAS (VARIAN 240FS) na próbkach roślin zmineralizowanych na mokro. Najniższą zawartość kadmu w biomasie naziemnej stwierdzono dla prosa. Najwyższą zawartość kadmu w biomasie naziemnej zanotowano dla szarłatu. Najwyższy wzrost zawartości kadmu w biomasie naziemnej w tym zbożu (około 18-krotny) stwierdzono w wariancie C. Najniższą zawartość kadmu zaobserwowano także w nasionach prosa. Najwyższą zawartość kadmu w nasionach stwierdzono dla owsa we wszystkich wariantach eksperymentu.
Our attention is being given especially to four representative flavonoids: kaempherol, apigenin, genistein and daidzein. These flavonoids were studied in the seeds of colored varieties of dry pea. ...Isocratic HPLC analysis with DAD detection after acid hydrolysis of samples was performed. The differences of flavonoid contents in individual pea varieties were not significant. The determined values of flavonoids in green peas were: daidzein 1,746-2,688 mg.kg-1, genistein 0,412-0,706 mg.kg-1, kaempherol 0,621-1,484 mg.kg-1, apigenin 0,261-0,479 mg.kg-1. Yellow varieties of pea contained between 0,375-0,779 mg.kg-1 daidzein, 0,115-0,158 mg.kg-1 genistein, kaempherol 0,742-1,314 mg.kg-1, apigenin 0,462-0,698 mg.kg-1. Also the changes in content of chosen flavonoids in pea in the dependence on variety in dried legumes stored under natural conditions were surveyed. From the results it came out that in interval 7 month the content of all observed flavonoids declined in dry material (in some cases even to non-detectable levels).
LEGUMES UTILISED IN TRADITIONAL FOODS IN IRAQ Ismael, Dalaram S; Vollmannová, Alena; Timoracká, Mária ...
Journal of microbiology, biotechnology and food sciences,
02/2014, Letnik:
3
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Iraq is famous in the traditional food from legumes, especially chickpea, lentil, and beans are fresh and dry seeds and as well as for peas, beans and the seeds of faba, cowpea and chickpeas boiled ...with salt eaten in the form of Lablabe, or make soup from fresh cowpea, fresh faba bean, fresh fasoulia, as well as lentil soup (shorbat adas) and different kinds of salad. Turshi, pickled vegetables and fresh pea, fresh fasoulia in the cuisine of many Balkan and Middle East countries. It is a traditional appetizer, meze. Chickpea is eaten on form falafel . The cuisine of Iraq reflects this rich inheritance as well as strong influence from the culinary traditions of neighbouring Persia, Turkey and the Syria region area. Meals begin with appetizers and salads known as Mezza. Some popular dishes include kebab (often marinated with garlic, lemon and spices, then grilled). It can be challenging to help people adjust their diet to meet their nutrient needs and promote weight loss, while at the same time still keeping them satiated. Nutrient rich legumes can be a valuable part of such a diet. They contain soluble fibre and protein and are low glycemic index, all of which may help promote satiety. Legumes are one of the most sustainable sources of protein in the world. Legumes are also significant sources of resistant starch, which is fermented by colonic bacteria to short chain fatty acids.
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of cultivar and growth phase on the antioxidant activity (AOA) changes in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), as well as the its ...distribution in different plant parts. During 4 growth phases (GP) (buds formation - I, beginning of flowering - II, full flowering - III, full maturity - IV) stems, leaves, flowers, seeds were collected sequentially from 6 buckwheat cultivars - ‘Pyra’, ‘Spacinska’, ‘Kasho’, ‘Jana C1’, ‘Hrusowska’, ‘Emka’. The highest values of AOA were measured in flowers (GP III) in ‘Jana C1’ (93.17%) and the lowest value in stems (GP I) in ‘Spacinska’ (46.09%). The highest increase of AOA was observed in GP IV in stems in ‘Pyra’. Differences were compared for statistical significance at the level P < 0.05.
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