γδ T cells are a distinct subgroup of T cells that bridge the innate and adaptive immune system and can attack cancer cells in an MHC-unrestricted manner. Trials of adoptive γδ T cell transfer in ...solid tumors have had limited success. Here, we show that DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis) upregulate surface molecules on cancer cells related to γδ T cell activation using quantitative surface proteomics. DNMTi treatment of human lung cancer potentiates tumor lysis by ex vivo-expanded Vδ1-enriched γδ T cells. Mechanistically, DNMTi enhances immune synapse formation and mediates cytoskeletal reorganization via coordinated alterations of DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility. Genetic depletion of adhesion molecules or pharmacological inhibition of actin polymerization abolishes the potentiating effect of DNMTi. Clinically, the DNMTi-associated cytoskeleton signature stratifies lung cancer patients prognostically. These results support a combinatorial strategy of DNMTis and γδ T cell-based immunotherapy in lung cancer management.
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The pyrolysis of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) is becoming a popular approach for the synthesis of catalysts comprising porphyrin-like metal single atom catalysts (SACs) on ...N-doped carbons (M-N-C). Understanding the structural evolution of M-N-C as a function of ZIF pyrolysis temperature is important for realizing high performance catalysts. Herein, we report a detailed investigation of the evolution of Zn single atom catalyst sites during the pyrolysis of ZIF-8 at temperatures ranging from 500 to 900 °C. Results from Zn L-edge and Zn K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies reveal that tetrahedral ZnN4 centers in ZIF-8 transform to porphyrin-like ZnN4 centers supported on N-doped carbon at temperatures as low as 600 °C. As the pyrolysis temperature increased in the range 600–900 °C, the Zn atoms moved closer to the N4 coordination plane. This subtle geometry change in the ZnN4 sites alters the electron density on the Zn atoms (formally Zn2+), strongly impacting the catalytic performance for the peroxidase-like decomposition of H2O2. The catalyst obtained at 800 °C (Zn-N-C-800) offered the best performance for H2O2 decomposition. This work provides valuable new insights about the evolution of porphyrin-like single metal sites on N-doped carbons from ZIF precursors and the factors influencing SAC activity.
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•Nutrient reuse and energy recovery of HTL-WW are realized.•Anaerobic digestion of HTL-WW is vital to the sustainability of algal biocrude.•An anaerobic toxicity assay was conducted ...to evaluate HTL-WW toxicity.•The presence of adsorbents and biofilms effectively minimized inhibition.•A portion of the toxic compounds could be removed after anaerobic digestion.
Previous studies demonstrate anaerobic digestion of hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater (HTL-WW) is significant to the sustainability of algal biofuel development for nutrient reuse and residual energy recovery. HTL-WW contains substantial amounts of residual energy but is toxic to anaerobes. With 6% HTL-WW converted from cyanobacteria (e.g. Spirulina), anaerobes were 50% inhibited. In this study, zeolite, granular activated carbon (GAC), and polyurethane matrices (PM) were used during a two-round anaerobic batch test with HTL-WW, and in the presence of each material, the total methane yields were 136mL/g COD, 169mL/g COD, and 168mL/g COD, respectively, being 11%, 37% and 36% higher than the control. GAC was considered promising due to its highest methane yield of 124mL/g COD at the second feeding, indicating a good recovery of adsorption capacity. The observed low methane production rates indicated the necessity for anaerobic process optimization. The physicochemical analysis of the digestates demonstrated that most of the compounds identified in the HTL-WW were degraded.
A substantial amount of research has examined the role of individual differences in the regulation of emotion and the impact of emotion regulation on mental health; however, few studies have covered ...the role of situational context in the selection of emotion regulation strategies. In this paper, we investigate the extent to which an individual’s choice of emotion regulation strategy is affected by factors such as emotional intelligence, the person with whom one is in conflict, situational sense of control, and the individual’s aim in dealing with the conflict. A total of 300 participants (46.67% female) between the ages of 21 and 35 were recruited from the community (female’s mean age = 28.14, SD = 4.49; male’s mean age = 28.12, SD = 4.32). Participants filled out a set of questionnaires related to their emotion intelligence and emotion regulations they used in two interpersonal incidents with parents and partner. Structural equation modeling was used for data analyses. Results showed that positive correlation between emotional intelligence and cognitive reappraisal, in contrast to previous studies, a positive correlation between emotional intelligence and repression was found. Moreover, the person one is interacting with influences the degree to which one’s sense of control impacts the choice of emotion regulation strategy. For example, in the event of conflict with one’s parents, the degree of situational control has little impact on emotion regulation; however, in conflicts with spouses or partners, women have more situational control and are more likely to use cognitive reappraisal or suppression. Regarding the relationship between the goal of emotion regulation and the strategies used, this study found that they are moderated by gender and the persons involved; for example, when maintaining the relationship is the primary goal of emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal is more likely the strategy of choice for men involved in a conflict with their partner and for women involved in a conflict with their parents. Overall, the results confirm that emotion regulation is affected by both individual and situational factors, indicating the importance of adopting a dynamic approach when investigating emotion regulation.
Optimizing interfacial contacts and thus electron transfer phenomena in heterogeneous electrocatalysts is an effective approach for enhancing electrocatalytic performance. Herein, we successfully ...synthesized ultrafine β-Mo2C nanoparticles confined within hollow capsules of nitrogen-doped porous carbon (β-Mo2C@NPCC) and found that the surface layer of molybdenum atoms was further oxidized to a single Mo–O surface layer, thus producing intimate O–Mo–C interfaces. An arsenal of complementary technologies, including XPS, atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM, and XAS analysis clearly reveals the existence of O–Mo–C interfaces for these surface-engineered ultrafine nanostructures. The β-Mo2C@NPCC electrocatalyst exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water. Theoretical studies indicate that the highly accessible ultrathin O–Mo–C interfaces serving as the active sites are crucial to the HER performance and underpinned the outstanding electrocatalytic performance of β-Mo2C@NPCC. This proof-of-concept study opens a new avenue for the fabrication of highly efficient catalysts for HER and other applications, whilst further demonstrating the importance of exposed interfaces and interfacial contacts in efficient electrocatalysis.
ABSTRACT
Aims/Introduction
Cardiovascular mortality risk is elevated among patients with diabetes and concurrent chronic kidney disease. However, controversy surrounds the use of aspirin for primary ...prevention within this population. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of low‐dose aspirin for primary prevention in patients with diabetes and pre‐end‐stage renal disease.
Materials and Methods
This was a retrospective population‐based cohort study using the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. The study included adults with type 2 diabetes who were enrolled in the pre‐end‐stage renal disease pay‐for‐performance program and had no atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We used propensity score analysis to control baseline characteristics between the two groups. Clinical outcomes including cardiovascular mortality, all‐cause mortality, major bleeding, and renal disease progression were compared between patients who first received aspirin and those who did not.
Results
Between January 2012 and December 2015, a total of 2,155 low‐dose aspirin users and 6,737 nonaspirin users were identified. Following propensity score adjustment, aspirin use exhibited a comparable risk of cardiovascular death compared with nonaspirin users (adjusted hazard ratio aHR 1.12; 95% confidence interval CI 0.65–1.95; P = 0.681). The risk of all‐cause mortality was similar between the two groups (aHR 1.07; 95% CI 0.92–1.24; P = 0.385). Similar risks were observed in terms of major bleeding and renal disease progression.
Conclusions
In patients with diabetes and pre‐end‐stage renal disease who lacked atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, low‐dose aspirin did not demonstrate a reduction in mortality. These findings do not support the use of aspirin for primary prevention in this high‐risk population.
This retrospective population‐based cohort study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of low‐dose aspirin for primary prevention in patients with diabetes and pre‐end‐stage renal disease. This study showed that low‐dose aspirin did not reduce cardiovascular mortality, nor increase the risk of major bleeding and renal disease progression. These findings do not support the use of aspirin for primary prevention in this high‐risk population.
Emotional variability has been posited as a risk factor for adolescent psychopathology. However, it is unclear whether parent emotional variability may also function as a risk factor that heightens ...adolescent mental health problems. To fill this gap, the present study examined whether parent and adolescent emotional variability in both positive emotion (PE) and negative emotion (NE) is associated with adolescent psychopathology and potential sex differences in these associations. Participants were 147 adolescents and their parents in Taiwan who completed a baseline assessment, a 10-day daily diary study, and a 3-month follow-up assessment. The results indicated that parent NE variability was associated with risk for adolescent internalizing problems and depressive symptoms, after accounting for baseline levels, adolescent NE variability, parent internalizing problems, and mean levels of parent and adolescent NE. Adolescent PE variability was also associated with the risk for adolescent externalizing problems. Furthermore, higher parent PE variability was associated with more internalizing problems only for female but not male adolescents. The findings highlight the importance of assessing emotion dynamics in both parents and adolescents to better understand the development of adolescent psychopathology.
Defect engineering represents a significant approach for atomically thick 2D semiconductor material development to explore the unique material properties and functions. Doping‐induced conversion of ...conductive polarity is particularly beneficial for optimizing the integration of layered electronics. Here, controllable doping behavior in palladium diselenide (PdSe2) transistor is demonstrated by manipulating its adatom‐vacancy groups. The underlying mechanisms, which originate from reversible adsorption/desorption of oxygen clusters near selenide vacancy defects, are investigated systematically via their dynamic charge transfer characteristics and scanning tunneling microscope analysis. The modulated doping effect allows the PdSe2 transistor to emulate the essential characteristics of photo nociceptor on a device level, including firing signal threshold and sensitization. Interestingly, electrostatic gating, acting as a neuromodulator, can regulate the adaptive modes in nociceptor to improve its adaptability and perceptibility to handle different danger levels. An integrated artificial nociceptor array is also designed to execute unique image processing functions, which suggests a new perspective for extension of the promise of defect engineered 2D electronics in simplified sensory systems toward use in advanced humanoid robots and artificial visual sensors.
Modulable conductive polarity is demonstrated in the PdSe2 ambipolar transistor by Se vacancy‐dominated defect engineering via laser irradiation. It endows the PdSe2 transistor‐based synaptic device with convertible plasticity to emulate the tunable adaptive features in the photo nociceptor, providing a new vista for the defect‐engineered van der Waals electronics to exploit novel applications toward advanced artificial intelligent machines.
This work reports an environmentally benign and readily scalable process for production of akaganéite (β-FeOOH) nanocomposites by using abundant gallic acid or grape seed tannins and urea. Influences ...from those phytochemicals on the properties of β-FeOOH nanocomposites were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy and Photoluminescence. The addition of 0.1% (w/v) grape seed tannins or gallic acid (640 mg L−1) solution yielded single-crystalline β-FeOOH nanocomposites with reduced dimensions, increased porosities and BET surface area, and no oxidized impurities such as hematite (Fe2O3) were formed. The added grape seed tannins (S0.8) or gallic acid together with less urea (0.8 M) produced β-FeOOH nanocomposites with higher activities as peroxidase mimics compared to those prepared with only urea (C0.8). Moreover, S0.8 was more efficient in methylene blue (MB) discoloration compared to C0.8 at all three pH values of 4, 7 and 11, and the S0.8-mediated MB degradation pathways at pH 4 and 7 were different from those at pH 11 due to the generation of different predominant oxidants. The overall MB discoloration efficacies by S0.8 at pH 4, 7 and 11 were combinative effects of both physical adsorption and chemical reactions. These β-FeOOH nanocomposites possess great potential as peroxidase mimics for facile monitoring of excess hydrogen peroxide and applications in environmental remediation.
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•Grape seed tannins applicable in hydrothermal synthesis of β-FeOOH nanocomposites.•Grape seed tannins produced smaller β-FeOOH nanocomposites with improved porosity.•β-FeOOH showed improved peroxidase-mimic activities for methylene blue discoloration.•Methylene blue degradation underwent different pathways with a change in pH.
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•The first work co-liquefied swine manure and algae from wastewater into bio-crude oil.•Demonstrated comparable energy consumption ratios in contrast to HTL of pure algae.•The highest ...bio-crude oil yield was 35.7% based on dry matter.•Thermal gravimetric analysis showed both light oils and heavy crudes were produced.
This study explored the feasibility of combining two types of feedstocks, swine manure (SW) and mixed-culture algae (AW) from wastewater treatment systems, for bio-crude oil production via hydrothermal liquefaction. The effect of feedstock combination ratios on the bio-crude oil yields and qualities were investigated. SW to AW ratios (dry weight basis) were 1:3, 1:1 and 3:1 with a total solids content of 25%. Pure SW and AW were also hydrothermally converted at the same reaction condition for comparison. By combining 75% SW with 25% AW, the highest bio-crude oil yield was achieved (35.7% based on dry matter). By mixing 25% SW with 75% AW, the highest heating value (27.5MJ/kg) was obtained. GC–MS spectra and thermal gravimetric analysis of bio-crude oils revealed that both light oils and heavy crude were produced, averaging 25% and 20% of the bio-crude oil, respectively. Analysis of energy consumption ratios indicated that co-liquefaction of AW and SW is energetically feasible and could be an economically competitive system for bio-crude oil production.
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