This letter describes the one-step conversion of heteroatom-substituted potassium organotrifluoroborates (KRBF3) to metal monoorganoborohydrides (MRBH3) using alkali metal aluminum hydrides. The ...method tolerates a variety of functional groups, expanding MRBH3 diversity. Hydride removal with Me3SiCl in the presence of dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) affords the organoborane·DMAP (RBH2·DMAP) adducts.
The purpose of this study was to characterize emergency pediatric burn care triage at a tertiary children's hospital to identify targets for quality improvement.
A retrospective review of patients ...<18 years with primary burn injuries who presented to a children's emergency department in 2016 was conducted. Demographic and injury characteristics were recorded. Low acuity was defined by size (<5% total body surface area burn), depth (not third degree), and no need for conscious sedation for debridement. Multiple logistic regression was used for analysis.
A total of 309 pediatric burn patients were triaged in the emergency department. Patients were typically young (median 3.3 years), male (59%), Hispanic (47%), publically insured (77%), and transferred in (65%). Scalding was the most common mechanism (59%). Though most burns were small (median 2% total body surface area), not deep (<third degree: 91%), and debrided without sedation (70%), most patients were admitted (80%). On regression, larger total body surface area, child protective services involvement, and in-transfer, but not mechanism, location of injury, or time of day, were associated with observation admission (<24 hours) versus emergency department discharge.
Though burns were low acuity, most children were admitted. Social factors may play an important role in triage decisions but there may be an opportunity for improved resource utilization.
Environmental reconstructions from pollen records collected within archaeological landscapes have traditionally taken a broadly narrative approach, with few attempts made at hypothesis testing or ...formal assessment of uncertainty. This disjuncture between the traditional interpretive approach to palynological data and the requirement for detailed, locally specific reconstructions of the landscapes in which people lived has arguably hindered closer integration of palaeoecological and archaeological datasets in recent decades. Here we implement a fundamentally different method for reconstructing past land cover from pollen records to the landscapes of and around the Somerset Levels and Moors—the Multiple Scenario Approach (MSA)—to reconstruct land cover for a series of 200-year timeslices covering the period 4200–2000 cal BC. Modelling of both archaeological and sediment chronologies enables the integration of reconstructed changes in land cover with archaeological evidence of contemporary Neolithic human activity. The MSA reconstructions are presented as a series of land cover maps and as graphs of quantitative measures of woodland clearance tracked over time. Our reconstructions provide a more nuanced understanding of the scale and timing of Neolithic clearance than has previously been available from narrative-based interpretations of pollen data. While the archaeological record tends to promote a view of long-term continuity in terms of the persistent building of wooden structures in the wetlands, our new interpretation of the palynological data contributes a more dynamic and varying narrative. Our case study demonstrates the potential for further integration of archaeological and palynological datasets, enabling us to get closer to the landscapes in which people lived.
Following repeal of the Don't Ask Don't Tell Policy, nearly one million lesbian, gay, and bisexual veterans and service members may increasingly seek access to Veterans Affairs services (
G. Gates, ...2004
; G. J. Gates, 2010). Limited data exist regarding lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) military personnel posing a unique challenge to clinicians and healthcare systems serving veterans with evidence-based and culturally relevant practice. In an effort to fill this information void, participatory program evaluation is used to inform recommendations for LGBT-affirmative health care systems change in a post-DADT world.
Lattice disorder produced by 40 keV indium ions has been studied using conventional channelling and Rutherford backscattering of 2.0 MeV helium ions. Plots of lattice disorder as a function of dose ...are nonlinear and sigmoidal in shape. The lattice disorder saturates for doses approaching 10
14
ions. cm
−2
, the higher the implantation dose rate, the higher this saturation level becomes. By varying the nominal dose rate between 2 × 10
10
ions. cm
−2
. sec
−1
and 10
13
ions. cm
−2
. sec
−1
a series of damage build up curves may be obtained. The dose rate effects can be described by the Vook and Stein model of annealing during irradiation. Direct observation of implantation beam annealing strongly supports this model. Electron diffraction data indicates that no amorphous gallium arsenide phase is produced under the implantation conditions prevailing in this investigation. The dose rate effects together with the room temperature annealing of implanted samples and the behaviour of several "warm" substrate implants, leads to the conclusion that room temperature lies within a damage annealing stage for implanted gallium arsenide. Preliminary high energy implants indicate that the surface proximity of these low energy implants is also an important factor in their annealing behaviour.
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