Abstract
To better harvest cool-season forages in unpredictable weather, harvesting forages as haylage or baleage is becoming increasingly popular in Arkansas. A summer internship project was created ...to increase our understanding of the variation in nutrient composition and basic preservation characteristics of Arkansas haylage while providing hands-on learning in Animal Science Extension programming. A survey instrument was first created to record the use of additives, harvest date, quantity of haylage produced, forage type harvested and notes were made on what method of wrapping was used. Seven farms were visited in northern Arkansas. There was an average of 4 samples/ farm with a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 13 samples within farm. A Colorado Hay probe (model 2004, UDY Corp., Fort Collins, CO) or Star Quality probe (multi-sampler, Star Quality Samplers, Irricana, AB, Canada) was used to collect the haylage samples. Samples were placed in plastic bags and pressed to remove air before sealing and were immediately placed on ice. Dry matter was measured after drying for 48 h at 50°C. Olfactory evaluations were determined by majority response using 3 appraisers and were scored as Desirable, Acceptable, or Undesirable. The pH was measured using a Oakton pH 150 meter (Oakton Instruments, Vernon Hills, IL). Nutritive values (CP, ADF, and NDF) were determined by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (FOSS, Eden Prairie, MN). The mean ± sd for moisture, CP, ADF, and NDF was 53.9 ± 10.8, 14.5 ± 3.6, 36.6 ± 4.4, and 58.2 ± 7.6, respectively. Principle component analysis revealed the main variant in the first principle component was moisture. The main variants in the second principle component were CP and fiber (ADF and NDF). The first 2 principle components explained 98% of the variation. The pH averaged 5.2 ± 0.5 and was negatively correlated with moisture (r = -0.7, P < 0.001). Olfactory counts were 11 desirable, 12 acceptable, and 12 undesirable. Logistic regression indicated that increasing CP (P = 0.02) and moisture (P = 0.06) increased the likelihood for an undesirable scent. This project provided insight into the strengths and weaknesses of haylage. In addition, this exercise provided a hands-on learning opportunity in forage evaluation methods and producer education for an agricultural student completing a summer internship in Extension.
The enzyme phosphomannomutase/phosphoglucomutase (PMM/PGM) is responsible for the formation of mannose 1-phosphate and glucose 1-phosphate in the human pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ...Mannose 1-phosphate and glucose 1-phosphate are required for the biosynthesis of polysaccharides that contribute to the virulence of P. aeruginosa, so inhibitors of PMM/PGM may lead to clinically useful compounds. The V/K values for mannose 6-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate show that they are equally good substrates for the enzyme. PMM/PGM overexpressed in Escherichia coli is isolated as a phosphoenzyme; surprisingly, mutation of serine 108 where phosphorylation occurs results in phosphorylation of a different residue so that activity is reduced only 20-fold from that of wild-type enzyme. In the reverse reaction glucose 1-phosphate exhibits substrate inhibition, which arises through its competition with the activator glucose 1,6-bisphosphate for binding to dephosphoenzyme. This phenomenon is consistent with a mechanism in which the enzyme phosphorylates the substrate to generate a bisphosphorylated intermediate that reorients in the active site to return its original phosphoryl group to the enzyme and generate the observed product. The pH dependence of the kinetic parameters suggests that the active site contains a residue that serves as a general base in the catalytic reaction and one that acts as a general acid. However, the pK of the general acid is 7.4 and that of the general base is 8.4 so these residues exist in a state of reverse protonation in the active enzyme.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUD) are complex psychiatric conditions that commonly co-occur. No preferred, evidence-based treatments for PTSD/SUD comorbidity are ...presently available. Promising integrated treatments have combined prolonged exposure therapy with cognitive-behavioral relapse prevention therapy for SUD. We describe a case study that showcases a novel, integrated cognitive-behavioral treatment approach for PTSD/SUD, entitled Treatment of Integrated Posttraumatic Stress and Substance Use (TIPSS). The TIPSS program integrates cognitive processing therapy with cognitive-behavioral therapy for SUD for the treatment of co-occurring PTSD/SUD. The present case report, based upon a woman with PTSD comorbid with both cocaine and alcohol dependence, demonstrates that TIPSS has the potential to effectively reduce PTSD symptoms as well as substance use.
•This case study showcases a novel, integrated cognitive-behavioral treatment approach for posttraumatic stress and substance use disorders.•Novel approach is entitled Treatment of Integrated Posttraumatic Stress and Substance Use (TIPSS).•TIPSS integrates cognitive processing therapy with cognitive-behavioral therapy for substance use disorder.•The treatment is comprised of 12, 60-minute individual psychotherapy sessions.•The profiled case demonstrates significant reduction in PTSD symptoms and substance use.
The enzyme RhlI catalyzes the formation of N-butyrylhomoserine lactone from S-adenosylmethionine and N-butyrylacyl carrier protein. N-Butyrylhomoserine lactone serves as a quorum-sensing signal ...molecule in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and is implicated in the regulation of many processes involved in bacterial virulence and infectivity. The P. aeruginosa genome contains three genes encoding acyl carrier proteins. We have cloned all three genes, expressed the acyl carrier proteins, and characterized each as a substrate for RhlI. A continuous, spectrophotometric assay was developed to facilitate kinetic and mechanistic studies of RhlI. Acp1, which has not been characterized previously, was a good substrate for RhlI, with a K m of 7 μM; the reaction proceeded with a k cat value of 0.35 s-1. AcpP, which supports fatty acid biosynthesis, was also a good substrate in the RhlI reaction, where k cat was 0.46 s-1, and the K m for AcpP was 6 μM. The third acyl carrier protein, Acp3, was a poor substrate for RhlI, with a K m of 280 μM; k cat was 0.03 s-1. Taken together with microarray data from the literature which show that expression of the gene encoding Acp1 is under the control of the quorum-sensing system, our data suggest that Acp1 is likely to be the substrate for RhlI in vivo. Isotope labeling studies were conducted to investigate the chemical mechanism of the RhlI-catalyzed lactonization reaction. Solvent deuterons were not incorporated into product, which implicates a direct attack mechanism in which the carboxylate oxygen of the presumptive N-butyryl-SAM intermediate attacks the methylene carbon adjacent to the sulfonium ion. Alternative mechanisms, in which N-butyrylvinylglycine is formed via elimination of methylthioadenosine, were ruled out on the basis of the observation that RhlI failed to convert authentic N-butyrylvinylglycine to N-butyryl-l-homoserine lactone.
A new generation of higher gain commercial buck converters built using advanced short channel CMOS processes has the potential to operate in the Atlas Inner Detector at the Super Large Hadron ...Collider (sLHC). This approach would inherently be more efficient than the existing practice of locating the power conversion external to the detector. The converters must operate in a large magnetic field and be able to survive both high doses of ionizing radiation and large neutron fluences. The presence of a large magnetic field necessitates the use of an air core inductor which is developed and discussed here. Noise measurements will be made to investigate the effect of the high frequency switching of the buck converter on the sensitive front end electronics. Radiation hardness of selected buck converters and mosfets will also be reported.
A combination of fifteen top quark mass measurements performed by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the LHC is presented. The datasets used correspond to an integrated luminosity of up to 5 and ...Formula Presented of proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, respectively. The combination includes measurements in top quark pair events that exploit both the semileptonic and hadronic decays of the top quark, and a measurement using events enriched in single top quark production via the electroweak Formula Presented channel. The combination accounts for the correlations between measurements and achieves an improvement in the total uncertainty of 31% relative to the most precise input measurement. The result is Formula Presented, with a total uncertainty of 0.33 GeV.
A combination of searches for a new resonance decaying into a Higgs boson pair is presented, using up to Formula Presented of Formula Presented collision data at Formula Presented recorded with the ...ATLAS detector at the LHC. The combination includes searches performed in three decay channels: Formula Presented, Formula Presented, and Formula Presented. No excess above the expected Standard Model background is observed and upper limits are set at the 95% confidence level on the production cross section of Higgs boson pairs originating from the decay of a narrow scalar resonance with mass in the range 251 GeV-5 TeV. The observed (expected) limits are in the range 0.96-600 fb (1.2-390 fb). The limits are interpreted in the type-I two-Higgs-doublet model and the minimal supersymmetric standard model, and constrain parameter space not previously excluded by other searches.
A search for the single production of a vectorlike top partner (Formula Presented) with mass greater than 1 TeV decaying into a Formula Presented boson and a top quark is presented, using the full ...Run 2 dataset corresponding to Formula Presented of Formula Presented collisions at Formula Presented, collected in 2015-2018 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The targeted final state is characterized by the presence of a pair of electrons or muons with opposite-sign charges which form a Formula Presented-boson candidate, as well as by the presence of Formula Presented-tagged jets and forward jets. Events with exactly two or at least three leptons are categorized into two independently optimized analysis channels. No significant excess above the background expectation is observed and the results from the two channels are statistically combined to set exclusion limits at 95% confidence level on the masses and couplings of Formula Presented. The results are interpreted in several benchmark scenarios to set limits on the mass and universal coupling strength (Formula Presented) of the vectorlike quark. For singlet Formula Presented quarks, Formula Presented values between 0.22 and 0.64 are excluded for masses between 1000 and 1975 GeV. For Formula Presented quarks in the doublet scenario, where the production cross section is much lower, Formula Presented values between 0.54 and 0.88 are excluded for masses between 1000 and 1425 GeV.
This paper presents a search for pair production of higgsinos, the supersymmetric partners of the Higgs bosons, in scenarios with gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking. Each higgsino is assumed to ...decay into a Higgs boson and a nearly massless gravitino. The search targets events where each Higgs boson decays into Formula Presented, leading to a reconstructed final state with at least three energetic Formula Presented-jets and missing transverse momentum. Two complementary analysis channels are used, with each channel specifically targeting either low or high values of the higgsino mass. The low-mass (high-mass) channel exploits Formula Presented of Formula Presented data collected by the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider. No significant excess above the Standard Model prediction is found. At 95% confidence level, masses between 130 GeV and 940 GeV are excluded for higgsinos decaying exclusively into Higgs bosons and gravitinos. Exclusion limits as a function of the higgsino decay branching ratio to a Higgs boson are also reported.
Measurements of the substructure of top-quark jets are presented, using Formula Presented of 13 TeV Formula Presented collision data recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Top-quark jets ...reconstructed with the anti-Formula Presented algorithm with a radius parameter Formula Presented are selected in top-quark pair (Formula Presented) events where one top quark decays semileptonically and the other hadronically, or where both top quarks decay hadronically. The top-quark jets are required to have transverse momentum Formula Presented, yielding large samples of data events with jet Formula Presented values between 350 and 600 GeV. One- and two-dimensional differential cross sections for eight substructure variables, defined using only the charged components of the jets, are measured in a particle-level phase space by correcting for the smearing and acceptance effects induced by the detector. The differential cross sections are compared with the predictions of several Monte Carlo simulations in which top-quark pair-production quantum chromodynamic matrix-element calculations at next-to-leading-order precision in the strong coupling constant Formula Presented are passed to leading-order parton shower and hadronization generators. The Monte Carlo predictions for measures of the broadness, and also the two-body structure, of the top-quark jets are found to be in good agreement with the measurements, while variables sensitive to the three-body structure of the top-quark jets exhibit some tension with the measured distributions.
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