A structural-functional diagram of a dynamic model of a mechatronic system with a planetary hydraulic motor is proposed. The initial conditions for the simulation of transients occurring in a ...mechatronic system with a planetary hydraulic motor are substantiated. The design parameters of the distribution system, which determine the unevenness of the output characteristics of the planetary hydraulic motor, are also substantiated. The influence of the design features of a serial and modernized hydraulic motors on the dynamic processes of the mechatronic system is investigated. It is established that fluctuations in the flow area of the distribution system of a serial hydraulic motor cause pulsations of torque on the hydraulic motor shaft and pressure in the discharge line of the mechatronic system. At the time of acceleration, significant pulsations of the flow of working fluid through the safety valve are observed, and as a result, pulsations of the flow of working fluid through the hydraulic motor. Elimination of fluctuations in the flow area of the distribution system of the upgraded hydraulic motor allows you to stabilize the values of pressure, torque and flow rate of the working fluid throughout the study of the acceleration process. Under steady-state operation, fluctuations in the area of the passage section of the distribution system do not affect the nature of the change in the shaft speed, either of the modernized or serial hydraulic motors.
One of the main stages of research related to increasing the efficiency of planetary hydraulic motors operating as part of the mechatronic systems of self-propelled vehicles is the experimental ...research of real samples. Experimental studies of the influence of design features of the rotor system of serial and modernized hydraulic motors on the output characteristics of mechatronic systems were carried out by means of comparative bench tests. A technique has been developed for conducting comparative bench studies of planetary hydraulic motors. A test bench scheme is proposed for testing a family of unified series of high-torque, low-speed planetary-type hydraulic motors. The main factors determining the change in the output characteristics of the planetary hydraulic motor, taking into account the design features of the rotor system, are: pressure drop, flow rate of the working fluid and the error the manufacturing form of the gear profile of its rotors. Tests of planetary hydraulic motors with a serial and modernized rotor systems were carried out. The modernization of the rotor system was carried out by changing the design of the external and internal rotors in order to reduce the shape error of their gear profile. As a result of experimental studies, it was found that eliminating the error the manufacturing form of the rotors of the modernized hydraulic motor can significantly improve its output characteristics - increase the torque at specified rotation speeds, and as a result, increase the hydromechanical and overall efficiency of the mechatronic system as a whole.
The optimal composition of PEDOT:PSS-based ink for inkjet printing of the semiconductor layer for liquid sensors is determined. It was proposed to modify silicon substrates with ...(3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane to improve the adhesion of the printed semiconductor layer. This made it possible to fabricate organic electrochemical transistors that demonstrated stable operation under reusable conditions in physiological solutions with high ionic strength without significant loss of performance.
Device makes it possible to study the structure of the magnetic field lines, to determine the uniformity of the field in various magnetic systems, etc. In addition, our studies using a developed ...quantum visualizer have made it possible to establish the degree of influence of various factors on the homogeneity of the structure of the magnetic field lines. The experimental results obtained by us made it possible to develop the design of an autonomous quantum sensor for recording variations in the magnetic field, which are created, for example, by a moving magnetic object.
The reliability of orbital hydraulic motors which are used in mechatronic systems with a hydraulic drive for active working tools on self-propelled machinery is a pressing engineering problem. To ...increase the reliability, a specific design method was proposed. It required development of a mathematical apparatus and a calculation algorithm. The mathematical tools allowed to realize the method for determination of hydraulic motor reliability by simulating changes in a technical state of the rotors in a hydraulic motor. A program, which has been developed, enabled modeling the conjugation of external and internal rotors. The program implemented an algorithm for the sequence of calculating the parameters for the external and internal rotors. The proposed program made it possible to obtain a three-dimensional image of zones with admissible interfaces which ensure the efficient and reliable operation of orbital motors. The modeling of working capacity change for an orbital motor has established some dependence. The changes in the number of teeth and overall dimensions of the rotor in the investigated range enabled to develop a standard size range for hydraulic machines, which operate in mechatronic drive systems for active working tools on self-propelled machinery.
In this work, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray microanalysis are used to investigate Ti and Ti/Pt buffer-layer effect on the eutectic formation in 1μm Au80Sn20 thin film solder ...obtained by electron-beam deposition of gold tin alternating layers.
Current trends in expanding the field of application of mechatronic systems with a hydraulic drive of active working bodies of self-propelled vehicles necessitates the creation of new designs of ...hydraulic machines. For mechatronic systems with a hydraulic drive of the active working bodies of self-propelled vehicles, various types of hydraulic machines are used, but special attention is paid to orbital and planetary hydraulic motors. The crank in this hydraulics machines is a rotating hydraulic field formed by the distribution system of the planetary hydraulic motor. The distribution system of the considered hydraulic motor is one of the main mechanisms determining the stable operation of the planetary hydraulic motor. As a result of the research, design schemes, a mathematical apparatus, and a calculation algorithm have been developed that make it possible to justify the angular arrangement of the working and unloading windows of the moving distributor. The angular arrangement of the working and unloading windows of the moving distributor of the planetary hydraulic motor distribution system is substantiated. A technique has been developed for shifting the distribution window of the movable distributor, which allows to reduce fluctuations in the flow of the working fluid, and as a result, improve the functional parameters of the planetary hydraulic motor.
A systematic analysis of the species composition of the prey of killer whale
Orcinus orca
Linnaeus, 1758 was carried out. The results of observations of killer whales hunting for different types of ...prey and the data from an analysis of the contents of their stomachs were summarized; the species affiliation of the prey was compared with the affiliation of predators to the R- or T-type based on a genetic analysis. It has been shown that killer whales of the Far Eastern seas of Russia have a pronounced foraging specialization, which correlates with the haplotype of the mitochondrial DNA control region. Killer whales with the NT1 and GAT haplotypes previously described for mammal-eating T-type killer whales from the northeast Pacific (also called Bigg’s killer whales) have been observed preying on marine mammals but not on fish. Killer whales with the SR haplotype, previously described for fish-eating R-type killer whales from the northeastern Pacific, preyed only on fish. Two new T-type killer whale haplotypes have been discovered; animals with these haplotypes have been observed preying on large baleen whales. The importance of traditions and social learning in the differentiation of ecological niches in cetaceans has been noted. The specialization to hunt certain prey transmitted from mother to calves allows killer whales of different ecotypes to avoid food competition and acquire morphological and behavioral adaptations that facilitate hunting for a particular type of prey.
As a result of the study, an experimental test bench was developed for testing high-torque hydraulic motors. A methodology for experimental studies of a unified series of planetary hydraulic motors ...has been developed. It has been established that an increase in the throughput of a hydraulic motor with a modernized distributed system makes it possible to increase the hydromechanical efficiency of the modernized hydraulic motor by 11 to 14%, the volumetric efficiency by 2 to 4%, and the overall efficiency by 7 to 9%. The increase in the values of the hydromechanical, volumetric and overall efficiency of the modernized hydraulic motor explains the increase in the throughput of its distributed system. It has been established that the torque of the developed serial hydraulic motor is 300 to 325 min−1, which is a sign of the rigid characteristics of this hydraulic motor. The stability of the torque (within 1.5%) developed by the modernized hydraulic motor 370 to 375 H.m in the frequency range of 75 to 450 min−1 is confirmed by its rigid characteristic.
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