A cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 cattle slaughtered at Addis Ababa abattoir to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) and characterize its causative agents. Postmortem ...examination, mycobacteriological culturing, region of difference-4 (RD4)-based PCR and spoligotyping were applied. The prevalence of BTB was 5 % on the basis of postmortem inspection alone but 1.2 % based on molecular confirmation. Factors including age, sex, and breed showed statistically significant association with BTB (
p
< 0.05). Gross lesions were observed most frequently (68 %) in the lungs and lung-associated lymph nodes compared to other organs and lymph nodes. Of the 25 grossly suspicious TB lesions processed and cultured, only six (24 %) were culture-positive, yielding
Mycobacterium bovis
confirmed by RD4 deletion typing. Further characterization of the six
M
.
bovis
isolates at the strain level by using spoligotyping revealed that one did not belong to any previously known type, while the others belonged to types SB1176 (two), SB1477 (two), and SB0133 (one). The new strain was submitted to the international
M
.
Bovis
.org database for international code designation. The study confirms the considerable prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in cattle slaughtered at Addis Ababa abattoir and highlights the need for control of bovine tuberculosis in the country.
An experimental study to investigate the susceptibility pattern of
Haemonchus contortus
to commonly used anthelmintics (albendazole, tetramisole, ivermectin, and triclobendazole) was conducted ...between June and September 2009. Adult
H. contortus
parasites were collected from a total of 30 sheep slaughtered at Jimma municipal abattoir. The anthelmintics were assessed for egg hatch inhibition ability against
H. contortus
eggs. The eggs (500 eggs/ml) were incubated with different concentrations (0.25, 0.125, 0.0625, 0.03125, and 0.015625 μg/ml) at 26°C for 48 h. Egg hatching inhibition of different anthelmintics at different concentrations was recorded. The overall mean percent inhibition showed that there was a significant difference (
p
< 0.05) among the different concentrations. Mean egg hatch inhibition of ivermectin showed the highest result (84.90 %) at 0.25 μg/ml, followed by albendazole (78.77 %), triclobendazole (76.66 %), and tetramisole (78.98 %), respectively. The overall mean percent inhibition showed a significant difference (
p
< 0.05) among the different anthelmintics. Further evaluation of these anthelmintics was recommended.
A cross sectional study was conducted in Jabi Tehenan district of West Gojjam administrative zone from October 2008 to April 2009 to determine the current prevalence rate of bovine trypanosomosis. In ...the parasitological survey, blood samples of 300 cattle were examined using a buffy coat technique. The PCV value of each animal was also measured using hematocrit reader. The overall prevalence of trypanosomosis was found to be 11.7% and it consists of 16, 10 and 9% in Regeb Kebero Meda, Weyenema Workema and around Finote Selam peasant associations respectively. The most positive cases were due to Trypanosoma congolense (54.3%) followed by Trypanosoma vivax (45.7%). The mean PCV value (%) of parasitaemic and aparasitaemic animals during the study period were 20.3±4.1 SD and 25.29±4.67 SD with a significance difference (p < 0.05). The study also demonstrated variations prevalent among different age groups and between both sexes which were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Infection rate in poor body condition animals were significantly higher than good body condition animals (p < 0.05). The present prevalent study generated valuable information on the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis in the study area and revealed that trypanosomosis is an important disease in the study area.
Ethiopia is located in tropical region and livestock production represents a major national resource and forms an integral part of the Agricultural production system and livelihood of the society. ...Dairy farming being one of the agricultural production in Ethiopia, is practiced mainly as an extensive type of management system, which involves smallholder farmers in rural areas and semi-intensive and intensive managements in per urban and urban areas. Despite a large number of milking cows, there is low milk production because of many factors, including low genetic potential of indigenous breeds, extensive and poor husbandry practices, and widespread livestock diseases. Among the dairy cows’ diseases, mastitis is prevalent in the dairy production system incurring high economic losses and social burden. Several reports on mastitis in Ethiopia are present but are scattered. We focused on reviewing articles published in indexed journals reporting bovine mastitis to summarize its common etiologies, prevalence, and risk factors in Ethiopia. The common pathogens reported from different parts of Ethiopia are Staphylococcus aureus (Staph. aureus), non-aureus staphylococci, Streptococcus spp. (Strep. agalactiae, Strep. dysgalactiae, Strep. uberis), coliforms (E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonae), Trueperella pyogenes and Mannheimia haemolytica (M. haemolytica), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeroginosa), Enterobater aerogenes, Bacillus species, Micrococcus species. Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli are the most common isolates from clinical mastitis (CM). Staphylococcus aureus is also the most frequently isolated pathogen from sub-clinical mastitis (SCM). Sub-clinical mastitis which usually ranges from 25.4% to 73.3%, is highly prevalent than the clinical cases of mastitis which ranges from 3.2% to 26.5%. Several mastitis risk factors were reported. These were breed of animals, parity number, stage of lactation, presence of teat/udder lesion and hygiene measure of the farms. Thus, it is essential to plan and implement control measures including maintenance of good dairy farm environment, udder and milking hygiene at farm level; regular monitoring of udder health with special attention to exotic, crossbred and lactating cows and culling of older cows. Isolation, characterization and conducting antibacterial sensitivity test should be integral part of mastitis control strategy for effective control of the mastitis causing pathogens.
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