Voda je bitan faktor u nastanku i razvoju speleološkog objekta, stoga je primarna baza ovog istraživanja analiza vode u speleološkim objektima. Preliminarna istraživanja kemije voda provedena su u ...četiri speleološka objekta; Bačva, Vela peć, Šparožna pećina i Vela špilja u krugu, a kao kontrolna voda korištena je voda iz lokve Višnjana. Voda se u objektima uzorkovala iz kamenica, jezera te voda koja se procjeđivala iz sige. Određivana je ukupna (UT) i karbonatna (KT) tvrdoća vode, pH i električna vodljivost. Uzorcima sa sva tri lokaliteta izmjeren pH je oko neutralnog. Tvrdoća vode je najniža u Veloj peći (kamenica), a i najviša u Bačvi (siga). Najveće vrijednosti UT i KT dobivene su u uzorku vode s iz Bačve, a najmanje iz kamenice u Veloj peći. Ističe se velika razlika između UT i KT kod vode iz kamenice u Bačvi (12,1 i 7,3) i u jezeru Vele peći (11,8 i 6,6). Vrijednost UT i KT vode iz lokve (8,68 i 7,45) uspoređujemo s uzorcima iz objekata jer je voda iz lokveon pod najznačajnijim utjecajem padalina. Električna vodljivost vode također se razlikovala s obzirom na lokalitet uzorkovanja u objektu. Najviša vodljivost izmjerena je u uzorku vode s iz Bačve (0,8 mS/cm), a najniža u kamenici u Veloj veći, Šparožnoj pećini i lokvi. Buduća istraživanja trebala bi se fokusirati na speleološke objekte u različitim litološkim jedinicama te na monitoring istih radi usporedbe i ovisnosti o vremenskim faktorima.
Cilj ovog rada bio je provesti preliminarna istraživanja brojnosti heterotrofnih mikroorganizama u zraku i na površinama stijena u speleološkim objektima. Istraživanje je provedeno na pet objekata na ...područja Istre i Kvarnerskog zaleđa koristeći klasične mikrobiološke tehnike (kultivaciju). Rezultati pokazuju trend smanjenja broja bakterija u zraku i na površinama speleoloških objekata s odmicanjem od ulaza, uz odstupanja koja se mogu objasniti pojavama šišmiša, otjecanjima vode, zračnim strujama ili antropogenim utjecajem. Rezultati istraživanja će omogućiti optimizaciju metoda uzorkovanja, uzgoja i određivanja brojnosti bakterija u speleološkim objektima te osnovu za daljnji monitoring mikrobiologije speleoloških objekata.
In arXiv:1811.04649, we extended the Dong-Mason theorem on irreducibility of modules for cyclic orbifold vertex algebras to the entire category weak modules and applied this result to Whittaker ...modules. In this paper we present further generalizations of these results for nonabelian orbifolds of vertex operator superalgebras. Let \(V\) be a vertex superalgebra with a countable dimension and let \(G\) be a finite subgroup of \(\mathrm{Aut}(V)\). Assume that \(h\in Z(G)\) where \(Z(G)\) is the center of the group \(G\). For any irreducible \(h\)-twisted (weak) \(V\)-module \(M\), we prove that if \(M\not\cong g\circ M\) for all \(g\in G\) then \(M\) is also irreducible as \(V^G\)-module. We also apply this result to examples and give irreducibility of modules of Whittaker type for orbifolds of Neveu-Schwarz vertex superalgebras, Heisenberg vertex algebras, Virasoro vertex operator algebra and Heisenberg-Virasoro vertex algebra.
Summary
Previous TBC lesions, diabetes and use of corticosteriods are recognised as risk factors for developing long‐standing disease caused by Schizophyllum commune. In the case report presented in ...this work, S. commune was isolated from an inflamed bronchogenous cyst of previously immunocompetent patient. The isolated mould failed to sporulate and identification was achieved by nucleotide sequencing.
We extend the Dong-Mason theorem on the irreducibility of modules for orbifold vertex algebras from C. Dong, G. Mason, Duke Math. J. 86 (1997) 305-321 for the category of weak modules. Let \(V\) be a ...vertex operator algebra, \(g\) an automorphism of order \(p\). Let \(W\) be an irreducible weak \(V\)--module such that \(W,W\circ g,\dots,W\circ g^{p-1}\) are inequivalent irreducible modules. We prove that \(W\) is an irreducible weak \(V^{\left\langle g\right\rangle }\)-module. This result can be applied on irreducible modules of certain Lie algebra \(\mathfrak L\) such that \(W,W\circ g,\dots,W\circ g^{p-1}\) are Whittaker modules having different Whittaker functions. We present certain applications in the cases of the Heisenberg and Weyl vertex operator algebras.
Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries as well as in our country. That explains why medications for the treatment of CVD ...are the most used group of drugs. The aim of this study was to analyze the consumption of ACE-inhibitors in Serbia and Norway during 2009 and 2010. Material and methods The data about the use of ACE-inhibitors in Serbia and Norway in 2009 and 2010 were taken from the Agency for Drugs and Medical Devices of the Republic of Serbia and from the site of Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Results Use of drugs of first choice in the treatment of hypertension in Serbia was very uneven, where the consumption of ACE-inhibitors was dominant. Opposed to this condition, the consumption of the first choice antihypertensive drugs was very balanced in Norway. During both analyzed years large part of consumption of ACE-inhibitors was taken by more expensive drugs in Serbia, as fosinopril, cilazapril and quinapril. In Norway in the observed period, dominated the consumption of cheaper drugs such as enalapril and ramipril. The situation is similar when it comes to fixed combination of diuretics and ACE-inhibitors. In Norway dominated the fixed combination of diuretics and cheaper ACE-inhibitors like enalapril and lisinopril. However, in Serbia, we have large consumption fixed combinations of diuretics with expensive ACE-inhibitors, such as cilazapril and fosinopril. Conclusions In both countries, ACE-inhibitors and their fixed combination with diuretics are most frequently used drugs within the group of drugs which is used for treatment of CVD in Serbia in 2009 and 2010. The amount and structure of the utilized ACE-inhibitors in Serbia is different from the amount and structure of the utilized ACE inhibitors in Norway. From pharmacoeconomic point of view, high consumption of expensive ACE-inhibitors (plain and fixed combination with diuretics) in 2009 and 2010 in Serbia resulted in the higher spending of funds.
Provedeno je on-line anketno ispitivanje na uzorku od 659 hrvatskih studenata o njihovim navikama vezanim uz objedovanje i potrošnju brze hrane. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da ispitanici najčešće ...konzumiraju brzu hranu nekoliko puta mjesečno (42%), uglavnom za ručak (48,7%), pri čemu najčešće odabiru pizzu (79,7%). Najvažnija obilježja brze hrane za ispitanike su okus (srednja vrijednost na Likertovoj ljestvici od 5 stupnjeva je 4,68) i miris (srednja vrijednost 4,38). Istraživanjem je utvrđena povezanost između učestalosti konzumiranja brze hrane i stručne spreme roditelja, prosječnog mjesečnog džeparca i dobi ispitanih studenata, kao i prehrambenih navika ispitanih studenata. Spol utječe na odabir pojedinih jela i namirnica brze hrane, muškarci učestalije konzumiraju hamburger, ćevape i kebab, dok žene češće jedu pomfrit. Na temelju rezultata istraživanja preporuča se edukacija studenata i njihovih roditelja o važnosti zajedničkog objedovanja u krugu obitelji, kao i o štetnom učinku učestale potrošnje brze hrane na zdravlje. Rezultati istraživanja značajni su za zdravstvene organizacije koje se svakodnevno bore protiv porasta potrošnje brze hrane među mladima, kao i za unapređenje aktivnosti u marketingu hrane.
OBJECTIVE
Examine the influence of the chronic use of erythropoietin on the value of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) and nitric oxide (NO), as well as on ET‐1/NO ratio in serum, before and after dialysis.
...METHODS
A total of 30 patients on hemodialysis were included in the study. Different doses of erythropoietin were administered at least 3 weeks before study. All patients had stable blood pressure values, without changes in antihypertensive therapy in the last 3 months, and without significant intradialytic hypertension and hypotension. The concentration of ET‐1 and NO was measured before and after dialysis treatment. Blood pressure was measured before dialysis, each hour during dialysis, and after dialysis. The control group had 20, age and sex matched, healthy examinees.
RESULTS
Endothelin‐1 was increased in all patients treated with hemodialysis compared to healthy controls, but their values did not correlate with the weekly dosage of erythropoietin. The level of NO after dialysis was significantly lower in patients receiving hemodialysis compared to healthy controls. The ET‐1/NO ratio is increased in patients treated with dialysis compared to healthy controls, but this does not correlate with the weekly dosage of erythropoietin. The decrease of the value of ET‐1 and NO was noted at the end of dialysis compared to the values measured before dialysis.
DISCUSSION
Our results show that the chronic use of erythropoietin in patients treated with hemodialysis does not affect the levels of serum ET‐1 and NO as well as the ET‐1/NO ratio. A significant decrease of ET‐1 and NO is noted compared to the values before dialysis.
Rasprava Budin, Leo; Jakovljević, Jasna; Strugar, Vladimir ...
2012
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The aim of this study was to determine pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and heavy metals in seawater
and sediment in Kostrena coastal area, as well as their toxicity using ...bioluminescence based tests. Total PAH concentration
in seawater ranged 1.7-155.3 ng/L. The share of carcinogenetic PAH was relatively high, ranging 22–48.3%.
Nickel concentrations in seawater were beyond detection limits (<0.1 mg/L), vanadium concentrations ranged 0.66–1.96
mg/L, chrome concentrations were beyond detection limits, and copper concentrations were also beyond detection limits or
extremely low (up to 0.32 mg/L). EC50 values in seawater ranged 23.80–90.90 ng/L. Correlation between total PAH concentration
and toxicity of seawater showed strong connection between them (r=0.9579). Total PAH concentration in marine
sediment ranged 58.02–1116 mg/kg dry weight (d.w.). The share of carcinogenetic PAH was extremely high ranging
10–53%. Nickel concentrations in marine sediment ranged 8–24 mg/kg d.w., vanadium concentrations ranged 24–42
mg/kg d.w., chrome concentrations ranged 11–19 mg/kg d.w., and copper concentrations ranged 7–25 mg/kg d.w. EC50
values in marine sediment ranged 818–4596 mg/kg d.w. Correlation between total PAH concentration and toxicity of marine
sediment showed weak connection between them (r=0.2590). Previous studies of seawater samples from areas of the
Adriatic sea under the direct influence of oil industry did not include concentrations of heavy metals, which makes our
study the first to present such comprehensive results. Our results point out the need for further evaluations and following
of marine environment pollution and its consequences on living organisms and marine ecosystem in whole.
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