Background: type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1) is the most common neurocutaneous disorder, and it is an inherited condition that causes a tumour predisposition. Central nervous system (CNS) ...manifestations are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in NF1. We provide a pictorial review of neuroradiological features of NF1, with emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and we assess the frequency of those features on a cohort of NF1 patients. Methods: we retrospectively evaluated all patients with a diagnosis of NF1 who underwent MRI of the spine and brain in our centre over a period of almost 5 years. A total of 74 patients were enrolled, 28 males and 46 females, with a mean age of 21 ± 12.67 years. The frequency of CNS manifestations encountered in our cohort of NF1 patients was assessed and compared with the data found in other studies published in the literature. Results: many of our findings were in line with the literature, and possible interpretations for those that turned out to be different were suggested in the discussion. Conclusion: imaging plays a central role in the diagnosis and management of NF1, and the knowledge of CNS manifestations could be critical for its early detection and identification, such as for treatment planning and prognostic implications.
Branchiogenic fistulas are congenital alterations that affect the cervical compartments. Those of the fourth branchial cleft are rarest and can begin late with very serious complications. The ...suppurative thyroiditis can be a complication of these alterations. We describe a case of 3-year-old girl with high fever, left cervical swelling and increased inflammation indices. The neck ultrasound showed an abscess of the left thyroid lobe and a fluid mass with aerial content in laterocervical region. On MRI, the fluid mass extended from the left piriform sinus to the mediastinum. Fluoroscopy also highlighted a fistolose trait that extended from the left side wall of the esophagus, anteriorly towards the trachea. Treatment of these pathologies must be early and a late diagnosis can put patients' lives at risk.
Branchiogenic fistulas are congenital alterations that affect the cervical compartments. Those of the fourth branchial cleft are rarest and can begin late with very serious complications. The ...suppurative thyroiditis can be a complication of these alterations. We describe a case of 3-year-old girl with high fever, left cervical swelling and increased inflammation indices. The neck ultrasound showed an abscess of the left thyroid lobe and a fluid mass with aerial content in laterocervical region. On MRI, the fluid mass extended from the left piriform sinus to the mediastinum. Fluoroscopy also highlighted a fistolose trait that extended from the left side wall of the esophagus, anteriorly towards the trachea. Treatment of these pathologies must be early and a late diagnosis can put patients' lives at risk.
Improving mental health in youth is a major concern. Future approaches to monitor and intervene in youth mental health problems should rely on mobile tools that allow for the daily monitoring of ...mental health both actively (eg, using ecological momentary assessments EMAs) and passively (eg, digital phenotyping) by capturing individuals' data.
This umbrella review aims to (1) report the main characteristics of existing reviews on mental health and young people, including mobile approaches to mental health; (2) describe EMAs and trace data and the mental health conditions investigated; (3) report the main results; and (4) outline promises, limitations, and directions for future research.
A systematic literature search was carried out in 9 scientific databases (Communication & Mass Media Complete, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, the ProQuest Sociology Database, Web of Science, and PubMed) on January 30, 2022, coupled with a hand search and updated in July 2022. We included (systematic) reviews of EMAs and trace data in the context of mental health, with a specific focus on young populations, including children, adolescents, and young adults. The quality of the included reviews was evaluated using the AMSTAR (Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews) checklist.
After the screening process, 30 reviews (published between 2016 and 2022) were included in this umbrella review, of which 21 (70%) were systematic reviews and 9 (30%) were narrative reviews. The included systematic reviews focused on symptoms of depression (5/21, 24%); bipolar disorders, schizophrenia, or psychosis (6/21, 29%); general ill-being (5/21, 24%); cognitive abilities (2/21, 9.5%); well-being (1/21, 5%); personality (1/21, 5%); and suicidal thoughts (1/21, 5%). Of the 21 systematic reviews, 15 (71%) summarized studies that used mobile apps for tracing, 2 (10%) summarized studies that used them for intervention, and 4 (19%) summarized studies that used them for both intervention and tracing. Mobile tools used in the systematic reviews were smartphones only (8/21, 38%), smartphones and wearable devices (6/21, 29%), and smartphones with other tools (7/21, 33%). In total, 29% (6/21) of the systematic reviews focused on EMAs, including ecological momentary interventions; 33% (7/21) focused on trace data; and 38% (8/21) focused on both. Narrative reviews mainly focused on the discussion of issues related to digital phenotyping, existing theoretical frameworks used, new opportunities, and practical examples.
EMAs and trace data in the context of mental health assessments and interventions are promising tools. Opportunities (eg, using mobile approaches in low- and middle-income countries, integration of multimodal data, and improving self-efficacy and self-awareness on mental health) and limitations (eg, absence of theoretical frameworks, difficulty in assessing the reliability and effectiveness of such approaches, and need to appropriately assess the quality of the studies) were further discussed.
PROSPERO CRD42022347717; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=347717.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Background Some patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) develop severe acute respiratory failure (ARF) requiring admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and ventilatory support. ...A limited number of observational studies have reported that noninvasive ventilation (NIV) can be an effective treatment to support breathing and to prevent use of invasive mechanical ventilation in these patients. This study aimed to retrospectively investigate the clinical status and outcomes in IPF patients receiving NIV for ARF and to identify those clinical and laboratory characteristics, which could be considered risk factors for its failure. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of short-term outcomes in 18 IPF patients being administered NIV for ARF. This study was conducted in a 4-bed respiratory ICU (RICU) in a university hospital. Eighteen IPF patients who were administered NIV between January 1, 2005, and April 30, 2013, were included. The outcome measures are the need for endotracheal intubation despite NIV treatment and mortality rate during their RICU stay. The length of the patients' stay in the RICU and their survival rate following RICU admission were also evaluated. Results Noninvasive ventilation was successful in 8 patients and unsuccessful in 10 who required endotracheal intubation. All the patients in the NIV failure group died within 20.2 ± 15.3 days of intubation. The patients in the NIV success group spent fewer days in the RICU (11.6 ± 4.5 vs 24.6 ± 13.7; P = .0146). The median survival time was significantly shorter for the patients in the NIV failure with respect to the success group (18.0 95% confidence interval {CI}, 9.0-25.0 vs 90.0 95% CI, 65.0-305.0 days; P < .0001); the survival rate at 90 days was, likewise, lower in the NIV failure group (0% vs 34% ± 19.5%). At admission, the patients in the failure group had significantly higher respiratory rate values (36.9 ± 7.8 vs 30.5 ± 3.3 breaths/min; P = .036), plasma N-terminal fragment of the prohormone of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels (4528.8 ± 4012.8 vs 634.6 ± 808.0 pg/mL; P = .023) and serum C-reactive protein values (72.0 ± 50.0 vs 20.7 ± 24.0 μ g/mL; P = .0289) with respect to those in the success group. Noninvasive ventilation failure was correlated to the plasma NT-proBNP levels at RICU admission ( P = .0326) with an odds ratio of 12.2 (95% CI, 1.2 to infinity) in the patients with abnormally high values (>900 pg/mL). Conclusions The outcome of IPF patients who were administered NIV was quite poor. The use of NIV was, nevertheless, found to be associated with clinical benefits in selected IPF patients, preventing the need for intubation and reducing the rate of complications/death. Elevated plasma NT-proBNP levels at the time of ICU admission is a simple clinical marker for poor NIV outcome.
Ce volume s'adresse aux spécialistes de différentes disciplines allant de la littérature, à l’histoire de l’art jusqu’à des formes artistiques plus proches de notre époque comme la photographie et la ...bande dessinée. Le fil rouge qui relie les différentes contributions est non seulement l’intérêt constant que toutes les époques traversées ont porté à cette interaction, mais également le lien entre passé et présent que le couple texte et image parvient à établir (voir par exemple le cas du dessinateur Vincent Vanoli qui, en 2000, réalise une bande dessinée à partir du Décaméron de Boccace). Ce sujet a été choisi parce qu'il traverse plusieurs périodes et plusieurs genres de la culture italienne. Il a donc été intéressant de voir comment chaque époque a abordé cette question. D'un point de vue strictement méthodologique, quatre sont les principaux points forts du volume : 1) le croisement des regards et des approches de spécialistes de divers horizons et formations (littéraires, historiens de l’art, photographes, auteurs de bandes dessinées) ; 2) le choix d’étudier le rapport entre textes et images sur une ample période qui va de Dante à l’époque contemporaine, en passant par le Quattrocento et la Renaissance ; 3) le fait d’avoir considéré le terme image tant d’un point de vue figuratif que littéraire ; 4) l’absence d’un cadre théorique prédéterminé de référence. Les coordinatrices du volume ont en effet privilégié une approche historique laissant aux contributeurs la liberté de s’exprimer sur la base de leurs connaissances. Ce qui ne veut pas dire que l’ouvrage n’ait pas une cohérence intrinsèque, comme le souligne par ailleurs la présentation. L’ouvrage se structure en deux grandes parties (« De Dante à Cellini » ; « Expériences contemporaines »), reliées entre elles par une « Note d’histoire de l’art » consacrée à une œuvre d’Antonello de Messine qui, par ses déviations par rapport à la règle de la perspective, renouvelle la jouissance de l’œuvre d’art et donc la perception que le spectateur a de l’image artistique.
