PurposeDrawing on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study highlights the mediating role of goal-directed energy as a critical psychological resource. The purpose of this study is to ...examine the mediating effect of goal-directed energy on the relationship between narcissistic leadership and employee resilience. The study also explores the moderating effect of psychological availability on the relationship between narcissistic leadership and goal-directed energy.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 857 employees and their supervisors at 137 enterprises in China. Confirmatory factor analysis, hierarchical multiple regression analysis and path analysis were adopted to analyze the data.FindingsThe results indicate that narcissistic leadership has a positive effect on goal-directed energy, which, in turn, enhances employee resilience. Furthermore, the effect of narcissistic leadership on goal-directed energy becomes more prominent in the context of lower psychological availability.Practical implicationsFirst, narcissistic leadership is supposed to play an effective role in helping employees gain resources. Second, organizations should attach importance to implementing resilience-building programs on employees to cope with uncertainty. Third, organizations should offer multiple training opportunities to stimulate employees’ goal-directed energy.Originality/valueFirst, the findings suggest that employee resilience is influenced by narcissistic leadership, which provides more possibilities for the study on the antecedents of resilience. Second, the study offers novel insights regarding the effect of narcissistic leadership on employee resilience through goal-directed energy. Finally, it also examines psychological availability as the boundary condition between narcissistic leadership and goal-directed energy.
Pd was electro-deposited on Ni foam using nitrogen-doped carbon as an inter-layer (EDPd/CNx/Ni). The as-prepared material was employed as the cathode for the electrochemical dechlorination of ...3,6-dichloropicolinic acid (3,6-D) in an aqueous solution. When compared to the electrodes that direct the electrodeposition or chemical deposition of Pd on Ni foam, EDPd/CNx/Ni exhibited higher activity and selectivity during the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of 3,6-D to form the intermediates 3-chloropicolinic acid and 6-chloropicolinic acid, as well as the final product, 2-picolinic acid. Furthermore, the modified electrode maintained its high dechlorinating activity after continuous operation for three batches. On the basis of physical-chemical characterization and electrochemical measurements, it is proposed that the superior performance of the EDPd/CNx/Ni electrode benefits sufficiently from the accelerated generation of adsorbed hydrogen (Hads). The electrodeposition method facilitates the generation of Pd with a higher percentage of exposed {111} facets. The CNx functions as an efficient support for the enlargement of the electrochemically active surface area, the reduction of Pd particle size, and improvement of the Pd dispersion. Moreover, CNx may also act as an electrocatalyst for the water-splitting reaction and favors the stabilization of chemisorbed active hydrogen.
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•Pd was electro-deposited on Ni foam using nitrogen-doped carbon as an inter-layer.•CNx facilitated the electrochemical dechlorination of 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid.•Accelerated generation of adsorbed hydrogen.
To reveal the geochemical characters of water coproduced with coalbed gas and shallow groundwater,water samples were collected from 12 wells of coalbed methane and 7 wells of shallow groundwater.The ...pH,CODMn,fCO2,total dissolved solids （TDS）,total hardness,and concentrations of metasilicic acid,sodium and kalium,calcium ion,magnesium ion,ammonium iron,bicarbonate ion,carbonate,chloride,sulfate ion,nitrate ion,fluoride,lithium,zinc,nickel,manganese,iron,boron,barium,etc.of the samples were measured.Research results showed the following：（1） Concentrations of TDS,chloride,fluoride,sodium and kalium,ammonium,iron,and barium in the water coproduced with coalbed gas exceeded the national standards of China; however,physical,chemical,and biological properties of shallow groundwater could meet the national standard.（2） The water produced from coalbed contained mainly Na-Cl·HCO3,with average TDS of 4588.5 ppm,whereas shallow groundwater contained a mixture of chemicals including Na.Mg.Ca-HCO3·SO4 and Na.Mg-HCO3·SO4,with average TDS of 663.8 ppm.（3） In general,it was observed that bicarbonate and sodium accumulated in a reducing environment and deeper system,while depletion of hydrogen ions and dissolution of sulfate,calcium,and magnesium occurred in a redox environment and shallow system.（4） Sodium and kalium,ammonium,chloride,and bicarbonate ions were the main ions found in the study area.
The detection of viable bacteria in wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） is very important for public health, as WWTPs are a medium with a high potential for waterborne disease transmission. The aim ...of this study was to use propidium monoazide （PMA） combined with the quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PMA-qPCR） to selectively detect and quantify viable bacteria cells in full-scale WWTPs in China. PMA was added to the concentrated WWTP samples at a final concentration of 100 μmol/L and the samples were incubated in the dark for 5 min, and then lighted for 4 min prior to DNA extraction and qPCR with specific primers for Escherichia coli and Enterococci, respectively. The results showed that PMA treatment removed more than 99% of DNA from non-viable cells in all the WWTP samples, while matrices in sludge samples markedly reduced the effectiveness of PMA treatment. Compared to qPCR, PMA-qPCR results were similar and highly linearly correlated to those obtained by culture assay, indicating that DNA from non-viable cells present in WWTP samples can be eliminated by PMA treatment, and that PMA-qPCR is a reliable method for detection of viable bacteria in environmental samples. This study demonstrated that PMA-qPCR is a rapid and selective detection method for viable bacteria in WWTP samples, and that WWTPs have an obvious function in removing both viable and non-viable bacteria. The results proved that PMA-qPCR is a promising detection method that has a high potential for application as a complementary method to the standard culture-based method in the future.
Artificial upwelling, as a geoengineering tool, has received worldwide attention because it may actualize ocean fer- tilization in a sustainable way, which could potentially alleviate the pressures ...on the fish stocks and human-driven climate change in the ocean. We reviewed the current knowledge on the development of an artificial upwelling system and its potential environmental effects. Special attention was given to the research progress on the air-lift concept artificial upwelling by Zhejiang University. The research on artificial upwelling over the past few decades has generated a range of devices that have been successfully applied in the field for months. Based on field experiments and the associated modeling results, part of them reported positive effects on increasing primary production and enhancing CO2 sequestration. However, as a significant dis- turbance to the environment, especially for large-scale applications, the uncertainties related to the potential effects on ecosys- tem remain unsolved. Zhejiang University has overcome the technical challenges in designing and fabricating a robust and high efficiency artificial upwelling device which has been examined in two field experiments in Qiandao Lake and one sea trial in the East China Sea. It was investigated that cold and hypoxic deep ocean water （DOW） could be uplifted to the euphotic layer, which could potentially change the nutrient distribution and adjust the N/P ratio. Both simulation and field experiments results confirmed that utilizing self-powered energy to inject compressed air to uplift DOW was a valid and efficient method. Therefore, further field-based research on artificial upwelling, especially for long-term field research is required to test the scientific hypothesis.
As one of the most popular beverages in the world, tea is highly susceptible to mold contamination during its planting, processing, and distribution. Toxigenic fungi produce mycotoxins under suitable ...conditions, and humans drinking tea may be at risk of ingesting mycotoxins. In this review, we briefly describe the sources, types, and hazards of mycotoxins in tea, summarize the current status of mycotoxin contamination in tea, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of mycotoxin detection technologies, and outline the prevention and control measures for mycotoxins in tea. This article is expected to provide a reference for the quality control of tea.
•A Conical-like cavity was formed near the water source, and the preferential passage of water flow appeared below the cavity.•The wetting body shape gradually transformed from oblate ellipsoid to ...long ellipsoid after the formation of the passage.•Seepage process can be defined as four periods: rapid infiltration, stable infiltration, slow infiltration, and preferential infiltration.•A two-dimensional seepage diffusion calculation model was established and preliminarily verified by example calculations.
Synthetic melanin has been increasingly exploited as a new class of functional ink materials due to its promising properties such as ultrahigh reflective index and blackness, and good stability in ...aqueous solution. Whilst the promising photothermal conversion feature of synthetic melanin has been well devoted, the relatively low near-infrared (NIR) light absorption limited their further application as the NIR imaging inks. Herein, we developed a series of synthetic melanin nanoparticles (SMNPs) inks doped with different kinds of metal ions and found that all the products exhibited enhanced light absorption ability and total photothermal effect compared to the undoped sample. Interestingly, it was also found that these properties could be improved correspondingly with the increase of metal ion concentration. This study not only provides a comprehensive understanding of the metal ion-loaded SMNPs with enhanced photothermal effect, but also paves the way towards fabricating new SMNP inks for NIR imaging applications.
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•A family of metal ion-loaded synthetic melanins has been developed as functional ink materials.•Doping different kinds of metal ions can increase the NIR absorption and photothermal effect of synthetic melanin.•Increasing metal ion concentration within synthetic melanins can enhance their total photothermal effect.
Mounting evidence suggests that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can function as microRNA sponges and compete for microRNA binding to protein-coding transcripts. However, the prevalence, functional ...significance and targets of lncRNA-mediated sponge regulation of cancer are mostly unknown. Here we identify a lncRNA-mediated sponge regulatory network that affects the expression of many protein-coding prostate cancer driver genes, by integrating analysis of sequence features and gene expression profiles of both lncRNAs and protein-coding genes in tumours. We confirm the tumour-suppressive function of two lncRNAs (TUG1 and CTB-89H12.4) and their regulation of PTEN expression in prostate cancer. Surprisingly, one of the two lncRNAs, TUG1, was previously known for its function in polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-mediated transcriptional regulation, suggesting its sub-cellular localization-dependent function. Our findings not only suggest an important role of lncRNA-mediated sponge regulation in cancer, but also underscore the critical influence of cytoplasmic localization on the efficacy of a sponge lncRNA.
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