Background/Aim: Magnetic stimulation is used in the treatment of a diversity of diseases, but a complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms of action requires further investigation. We ...examined the effect of static magnetic stimulation (SMS) in different cell lines. Materials and Methods: A culture plate holder with attached NeFeB magnets was developed. Different magnetic field intensities and periods were tested in tumoral and non-tumoral cell lines. To verify the cellular responses to SMS, cell viability, cell death, cell cycle and BDNF expression were evaluated. Results: Exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to SMS for 24 hours led to a decrease in cell viability. Analysis 24 h after stimulation revealed a decrease in apoptotic and double-positive cells, associated with an increase in the number of necrotic cells. Conclusion: The effects of SMS on cell viability are cell type-specific, inducing a decrease in cell viability in SH-SY5Y cells. This suggests that SMS may be a potential tool in the treatment of neuronal tumors.
Two outbreaks of Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed) poisoning occurring in cattle in southern Brazil in late summer and early autumn are described. In both instances too many cattle were held ...in small paddocks heavily invaded by A retroflexus in its seeding stage. In 1 herd 8/28 heifers and in the other 15/45 adult cows died. Clinical courses ranged from 3 to 7 d. Clinical signs included depression, loss of weight, mild serous nasal discharge, foul smelling liquid feces tinged with blood, subcutaneous dependent edema, and laborious and incoordinated walking. Main necropsy findings were subcutaneous, cavitary and perirenal edemas, renal subcapsular hematomas, and ulcerative lesions in the alimentary tract. The kidneys were swollen and pale. Histopathological findings were in the kidneys and consisted of tubular degeneration, necrosis and regeneration with interstitial fibrosis and tubular proteinosis.
1 The present study assessed the fitness of a lambda‐cyhalothrin‐resistant population of Eriopis connexa (Germar) with respect to development, reproduction, survival under prey scarcity and prey ...consumption. 2 Nontreated resistant females (R0) and females recovered after the topical application of 0.05, 0.10 and 0.25 mg active ingredient/mL of lambda‐cyhalothrin (R0.05, R0.10 and R0.25) produced, on average, 50% less eggs than susceptible females (S0), irrespective of the applied dose. All of the other traits evaluated remained similar. With respect to developmental characteristics, the larval viability and weight of adult male R0.25 progeny were statistically lower compared with the R0 and S0 progenies. Prey scarcity between days 3 and 13 of adulthood did not affect R0 and R0.25 survival, although egg production was significantly lower for R0 females, followed by R0.25 females, compared with S0 females. 3 The mean consumption of cotton aphids Aphis gossypii Glover over 5 consecutive days was significantly higher for S0, followed by R0 and R0.25, up to day 3 of observation. However, after day 4, prey consumption was similar among the three populations. 4 The results obtained in the present study show that resistant females have a lower reproductive output than susceptible females and that this is not related to the knockdown effect; however, the costs of recovering from knockdown interfere with the survival of offspring and also slightly with prey consumption. Thus, we conclude that the lambda‐cyhalothrin‐resistant E. connexa population exhibits an egg production disadvantage relative to the susceptible population and that this is increased when the population is subjected to prey scarcity.
The east greenland spill jet PICKART, Robert S; TORRES, Daniel J; FRATANTONI, Paula S
Journal of physical oceanography,
06/2005, Letnik:
35, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Abstract
High-resolution hydrographic and velocity measurements across the East Greenland shelf break south of Denmark Strait have revealed an intense, narrow current banked against the upper ...continental slope. This is believed to be the result of dense water cascading over the shelf edge and entraining ambient water. The current has been named the East Greenland Spill Jet. It resides beneath the East Greenland/Irminger Current and transports roughly 2 Sverdrups of water equatorward. Strong vertical mixing occurs during the spilling, although the entrainment farther downstream is minimal. A vorticity analysis reveals that the increase in cyclonic relative vorticity within the jet is partly balanced by tilting vorticity, resulting in a sharp front in potential vorticity reminiscent of the Gulf Stream. The other components of the Irminger Sea boundary current system are described, including a presentation of absolute transports.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Malaria persists as a major public health problem. Atovaquone is a drug that inhibits the respiratory chain of Plasmodium falciparum, but with serious limitations like known resistance, low ...bioavailability and high plasma protein binding.
The aim of this work was to perform molecular modelling studies of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinones analogues of atovaquone on the Qo site of P. falciparum cytochrome bc1 complex (Pfbc1) to suggest structural modifications that could improve their antimalarial activity.
We have built the homology model of the cytochrome b (CYB) and Rieske iron-sulfur protein (ISP) subunits from Pfbc1 and performed the molecular docking of 41 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinones with known in vitro antimalarial activity and predicted to act on this target.
Results suggest that large hydrophobic R2 substituents may be important for filling the deep hydrophobic Qo site pocket. Moreover, our analysis indicates that the H-donor 2-hydroxyl group may not be crucial for efficient binding and inhibition of Pfbc1 by these atovaquone analogues. The C1 carbonyl group (H-acceptor) is more frequently involved in the important hydrogen bonding interaction with His152 of the Rieske ISP subunit.
Additional interactions involving residues such as Ile258 and residues required for efficient catalysis (e.g., Glu261) could be explored in drug design to avoid development of drug resistance by the parasite.
The hydrographic structure of the Labrador Sea during wintertime convection is described. The cruise, part of the Deep Convection Experiment, took place in February-March 1997 amidst an extended ...period of strong forcing in an otherwise moderate winter. Because the water column was preconditioned by previous strong winters, the limited forcing was enough to cause convection to approximately 1500 m. The change in heat storage along a transbasin section, relative to an occupation done the previous October, gives an average heat loss that is consistent with calibrated National Centers for Environmental Prediction surface heat fluxes over that time period ( similar to 200 W m super(-2)). Deep overturning was observed both seaward of the western continental slope (which was expected), as well as within the western boundary current itself - something that had not been directly observed previously. These two geographical regions, separated by roughly the 3000-m isobath, produce separate water mass products. The offshore water mass is the familiar cold/fresh/dense classical Labrador Sea Water (LSW). The boundary current water mass is a somewhat warmer, saltier, lighter vintage of classical LSW (though in the far field it would be difficult to distinguish these products). The offshore product was formed within the cyclonic recirculating gyre measured by Lavender et al. in a region that is limited to the north, most likely by an eddy flux of buoyant water from the eastern boundary current. The velocity measurements taken during the cruise provide a transport estimate of the boundary current "throughput" and offshore "recirculation." Finally, the overall trends in stratification of the observed mixed layers are described.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Mutations in PRKCSH, encoding the β-subunit of glucosidase II, an N-linked glycan-processing enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), cause autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease. We found that ...mutations in SEC63, encoding a component of the protein translocation machinery in the ER, also cause this disease. These findings are suggestive of a role for cotranslational protein-processing pathways in maintaining epithelial luminal structure and implicate noncilial ER proteins in human polycystic disease.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We compare the effect of HAS, a-tDCS on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (l-DLPFC), and rest-testing on pain measures (cold pressor test (CPT) (primary outcome) and heat pain threshold. We ...also compare their effects on the motor evoked potential (MEP) (primary outcome), short intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), and cortical silent period (CSP).
This randomized, blind, crossover trial included 18 women with fibromyalgia, aged from 18 to 65 years old. They received at random and in a crossover order a-tDCS over the l-DLPFC (2mA), HAS, or a rest-testing.
HAS compared to a-tDCS increased the pain tolerance with a moderate effect size (ES) Cohen's f=-0.78; (CI 95%; -1.48 to -0.12). While compared to rest-testing, HAS increased the CPT with a large ES Cohen's f=-0.87; (CI 95%; -1.84 to -0.09). The a-tDCS compared to HAS increased the MEP amplitude with large ES Cohen's f=-1.73 (CI 95%; -2.17 to -0.17). Likewise, its ES compared to rest-testing in the MEP size was large Cohen's f=-1.03; (CI 95%; -2.06 to -0.08).
These findings revealed that HAS affects contra-regulating mechanisms involved in perception and pain tolerance, while the a-tDCS increased the excitability of the corticospinal pathways. They give a subsidy to investigate their effect as approaches to counter regulate the maladaptive neuroplasticity involved in fibromyalgia.
www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier - NCT05066568.
The dynamics of the flow of dense water through Barrow Canyon is investigated using data from a hydrographic survey in summer 2002. The focus is on the winter-transformed Bering water—the highest ...volumetric mode of winter water in the Chukchi Sea—which drains northward through the canyon in spring and summer. The transport of this water mass during the time of the survey was 0.2–0.3
Sv. As the layer flowed from the head of the canyon to the mouth, it sank, decelerated, and stretched. Strong cyclonic relative vorticity was generated on the seaward side of the jet, which compensated for the stretching. This adjustment was incomplete, however, in that it did not extend across the entire current, possibly because of internal mixing due to shear instabilities. The resulting vorticity structure of the flow at the canyon mouth was conducive for baroclinic instability and eddy formation. Multiple eddies of winter-transformed Bering water were observed along the Chukchi–Beaufort shelfbreak. Those to the west of Barrow Canyon were in the process of being spawned by the eastward-flowing shelfbreak current emanating from Herald Canyon, while the single eddy observed to the east originated from the Barrow Canyon outflow. It is argued that such an eddy formation is a major source of the ubiquitous cold-core anti-cyclones observed historically throughout the Canada Basin. Implications for the ventilation of the upper halocline of the Western Arctic are discussed.
We present the first results from a densely instrumented mooring array upstream of the Denmark Strait sill, extending from the Iceland shelfbreak to the Greenland shelf. The array was deployed from ...September 2011 to July 2012, and captured the vast majority of overflow water denser than 27.8kgm−3 approaching the sill. The mean transport of overflow water over the length of the deployment was 3.54±0.16Sv. Of this, 0.58Sv originated from below sill depth, revealing that aspiration takes place in Denmark Strait. We confirm the presence of two main sources of overflow water: one approaching the sill in the East Greenland Current and the other via the North Icelandic Jet. Using an objective technique based on the hydrographic properties of the water, the transports of these two sources are found to be 2.54±0.17Sv and 1.00±0.17Sv, respectively. We further partition the East Greenland Current source into that carried by the shelfbreak jet (1.50±0.16Sv) versus that transported by a separated branch of the current on the Iceland slope (1.04±0.15Sv). Over the course of the year the total overflow transport is more consistent than the transport in either branch; compensation takes place among the pathways that maintains a stable total overflow transport. This is especially true for the two East Greenland Current branches whose transports vary out of phase with each other on weekly and longer time scales. We argue that wind forcing plays a role in this partitioning.
•Overflow transport upstream of Denmark Strait measured as 3.54±0.16Sv over one year.•Two main sources of overflow: EGC (2.54±0.17Sv) and NIJ (1.00±0.17Sv).•Total overflow more consistent than either branch: pathways compensate for each other.•EGC split between Greenland and Iceland slopes in time-varying manner over year.•Wind forcing proposed as a mechanism for this splitting.
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