Neutrino oscillations are one of the first evidences of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). Since Lorentz invariance is a SM fundamental symmetry, recently also neutrino physics has been explored ...to verify this symmetry eventual modification and its potential magnitude. In this work we study the Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) introduction consequences in the high energy neutrinos propagation and evaluate the impact of this eventual violation on the oscillations predictions. An effective theory explaining these physical effects is introduced via modified dispersion relations. This approach, originally introduced by Coleman and Glashow, corresponds in our model to a special relativity geometry modification. Moreover, this perspective generalization leads to the introduction of a maximum attainable velocity which is specific of the particle. This can be formalized in Finsler geometry, a more general theory of space-time. In the present paper the impact of this kind of LIV on neutrino phenomenology is studied, in particular by analyzing the corrections introduced in neutrino oscillation probabilities for different values of neutrino energies and baselines of experimental interest. The possibility of further improving the present constraints on CPT-even LIV coefficients by means of our analysis is also discussed.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract In this paper, we aim to explore the interplay between neutrinos and quantum gravity, illustrating some proposals about the use of these particles as probes for the supposed quantized ...structure of spacetime. The residual signatures of a more fundamental theory of quantum gravity can manifest themselves modifying the free particle dispersion relations and the connected velocity. In neutrino sector these supposed effects can modify the time of flight for astrophysical particles with different energies and can affect the usual neutrino oscillation pattern introducing species depending perturbations. We will highlight how perturbations caused by non-standard interactions in the solar neutrino sector can mimic the presumed quantum gravity effects. In fact, the mathematical formulation of non-standard interactions is equivalent to that of CPT-odd perturbations. We will, therefore, emphasize the need to identify the nature of different contributions in order to disentangle them in the search for quantum gravity effects. As a final point we will discuss the possibility to detect in the neutrino sector decoherence effects caused by the quantum gravity supposed perturbations. By reviewing current experimental constraints and observations, we seek to shed light on the intricate relationship between neutrinos and quantum gravity, and discuss the challenges and future directions in this fascinating field of research.
The optimization of outcomes for pediatric cancer patients relies on the successful advancement of supportive care to ease the treatment burden and mitigate the long-term impacts of cancer therapy. ...Advancing pediatric supportive care requires research prioritization as well as the development and implementation of innovations. Like the prevailing theme throughout pediatric oncology, there is a clear need for personalized or precision approaches that are consistent, evidence-based, and guided by clinical practice guidelines. By incorporating technology and datasets, we can address questions which may not be feasible to explore in clinical trials. Now is the time to listen to patients' voices by using patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to ensure that their contributions and experiences inform clinical care plans. Furthermore, while the extrapolation of knowledge and approaches from adult populations may suffice in the absence of pediatric-specific evidence, there is a critical need to specifically understand and implement elements of general and developmental pediatrics like growth, nutrition, development, and physical activity into care. Increased research funding for pediatric supportive care is critical to address resource availability, equity, and disparities across the globe. Our patients deserve to enjoy healthy, productive lives with optimized and enriched supportive care that spans the spectrum from diagnosis to survivorship.
The combined use of field data on anchovy (
Engraulis encrasicolus
, Linnaeus, 1758) egg distribution in the Central Mediterranean Sea on both sides of the Strait of Sicily (Sicilian–Maltese and ...Tunisian waters) and Lagrangian simulations were used to assess the pattern of connectivity between these two sub-areas as a result of spawning activity. The field data were collected during ichthyoplankton surveys carried out in summer 2008 and 2010. The simulation runs showed considerable (up to 20%) rates of particle exchange in both directions (from Tunisian to Sicilian–Maltese waters and vice versa). However, considering the typical high mortality rates of anchovy early stages, the actual larval exchange rates across the Sicily Strait are supposed to be significantly lower (<1%), supporting the hypothesis that the anchovy population sub-units in the Strait of Sicily can be considered as separate fish stocks for the evaluation of their optimum exploitation rates.
Coccolithophore were collected and analyzed at 10 stations during summer 2010, from coastal and offshore areas off the eastern Libyan coast (southern Mediterranean Sea). The results were compared ...with oceanographic data. Total coccosphere concentrations, associated with nutrient-depleted stratified waters, show good correlation with the summer data from the central and eastern Mediterranean sites.
K
-strategist taxa dominate the surface/intermediate water, while
Florisphaera profunda
is more abundant in the deep photic zone. The canonical correlation analysis reveals that the distribution of coccolithophore taxa is influenced by environmental parameters:
K
-strategist taxa are related to nutrient-depleted surface/intermediate waters, whereas lower photic zone taxa are influenced by the development of a deep chlorophyll maximum and high salinity values, well below the thermocline. Finally, the occurrence of three clusters above 50 m, between 50 and 100 m, and below 100 m depth can be detected. These results confirm that a vertical species zonation, as a typical feature of low-middle latitude, characterizes the eastern Libyan coast, where the holococcolithophores represent one of the most important features of coccolithophore production during summer. The distribution of
F. profunda
matches the depth of the DCM layer, once again confirming its use as a proxy of DCM development and paleoproductivity estimates.
This article describes a design of an field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of a clock and data recovery (CDR) system. The core will be integrated in the FPGA configuration for the ...front-end electronics (FEE) board of the Jiangmen underground neutrino observatory (JUNO) experiment. The front-end will be placed on the main detector, underground and underwater, making the electronics not accessible after installation. The timing and trigger system relies on a synchronous link connection over CAT5e cable (up to 100 m long) between the front-end and the back-end electronics (BEE), where a twisted-pair is dedicated to clock-forwarding. The robustness of the recovery clock system is essential for the stability of the FPGA firmware. The proposed project is intended to improve the clock recovery operation by increasing the immunity of the link to sudden electromagnetic interference (EMI). On top of this, the core allows to free a twisted-pair in the link, since the clock can be recovered from the data and there is no more need for a clock-dedicated transmission. This will optimize the link granting the possibility to implement other features. The design is based on two components: a numerically-controlled oscillator (NCO), in order to create a controlled frequency clock signal, and a digital phase detector (PD) to match the clock frequency with the data rate. NCOs are often coupled with a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to create direct digital synthesizers (DDSs), which are able to produce analog waveforms of any desired frequency. In the presented case instead, the NCO generates a digital clock signal of an arbitrary frequency, while the PD manages this frequency by intercepting any shifting on the relative phase between the clock and the data. A phase aligner (PA) module guarantees that data are sampled in the middle of the eye pattern, which represents the optimal sampling point. The article presents an overview of the NCO-based CDR design and implementation, together with some tests and results in order to verify the CDR reliability. Moreover, in the last section, some other possible applications of the core are illustrated.
Early life stages of marine fish populations may be strongly affected by environmental factors. Changes in the physical environment or the availability of food resources could lead to stress-related ...physiological responses affecting larval fitness, growth and survival. In the present study, we determined, for the first time, amino acid composition (AAC), lipid, and carbohydrate content, as well as alkaline phosphatase and peroxidase activities in larvae from the European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus. Fishes were caught in two different spawning areas of the Strait of Sicily, characterized by different environmental conditions, including a coastal upwelling with a lower temperature (Adventure Bank; 20.22 ± 0.38°C) and a thermohaline front with a higher temperature (Maltese Bank 23.10 ± 0.25°C). The results showed that the two groups of larvae, in their early life, had similar nutritional status. However, compared with the samples from the Maltese Bank, the specimens collected in the Adventure Bank area exhibited higher alkaline phosphatase activity, lower concentrations of aspartate plus asparagine, threonine, and arginine but a higher concentration of leucine, highlighting different patterns of amino acid metabolism. Collectively, these results indicated that AAC analysis could represent an additional valid tool to evaluate the link between physiological responses and environmental conditions at early life stages.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of adding different starches (native and modified) on the physicochemical, sensory, structural and microbiological characteristics of low-fat ...chicken mortadella. Two formulations containing native cassava and regular corn starch, coded CASS (5.0 % of cassava starch) and CORN (5.0 % of regular corn starch), and one formulation produced with physically treated starch coded as MOD1 (2.5 % of Novation 2300) and chemically modified starch coded as MOD2 (2.5 % of Thermtex) were studied. The following tests were performed: physicochemical characterization (moisture, ash, protein, starch and lipid contents, and water activity); cooling, freezing and reheating losses; texture (texture profile test); color coordinates (L*, a*, b*, C and h); microbiological evaluation; sensory evaluation (multiple comparison and preference test); and histological evaluation (light microscopy). There was no significant difference (
p
> 0.05) for ash, protein, cooling loss, cohesiveness or in the preference test for the tested samples. The other evaluated parameters showed significant differences (
p
< 0.05). Histological study allowed for a qualitative evaluation between the physical properties of the food and its microscopic structure. The best results were obtained for formulation MOD2 (2.5 % Thermtex). The addition of modified starch resulted in a better performance than the native starch in relation to the evaluated technological parameters, mainly in relation to reheating losses, which demonstrated the good interaction between the modified starch in the structure of the product and the possibility of the application of this type of starch in other types of functional meat products.
Abstract
One of the key open questions in fundamental physics concerns the supposed quantum structure of spacetime. New physical effects are expected as residual evidence of a more fundamental theory ...of nature. In this fundamental theory the underlying physical symmetries could be modified by the quantized structure of geometry. One of the most important symmetries in our description of Physics is Lorentz Invariance (LI). Nowadays LI is at the root of our understanding of nature and underlies its physical description. Even if there is no definitive evidence to sustain departures from this symmetry, there are consistent points indicating that Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) can be a consequence of quantum gravity. A critical issue concerns therefore the necessity of testing this fundamental symmetry validity. Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) and neutrino flavor oscillation are promising physical processes of investigation for LIV, since the high energy involved and the interaction of different particle species.
We report a first measurement for ultrahigh energy cosmic rays of the correlation between the depth of shower maximum and the signal in the water Cherenkov stations of air-showers registered ...simultaneously by the fluorescence and the surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Such a correlation measurement is a unique feature of a hybrid air-shower observatory with sensitivity to both the electromagnetic and muonic components. It allows an accurate determination of the spread of primary masses in the cosmic-ray flux. Up till now, constraints on the spread of primary masses have been dominated by systematic uncertainties. The present correlation measurement is not affected by systematics in the measurement of the depth of shower maximum or the signal in the water Cherenkov stations. The analysis relies on general characteristics of air showers and is thus robust also with respect to uncertainties in hadronic event generators. The observed correlation in the energy range around the ‘ankle’ at lg(E/eV)=18.5–19.0 differs significantly from expectations for pure primary cosmic-ray compositions. A light composition made up of proton and helium only is equally inconsistent with observations. The data are explained well by a mixed composition including nuclei with mass A>4. Scenarios such as the proton dip model, with almost pure compositions, are thus disfavored as the sole explanation of the ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray flux at Earth.
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