Nanoconjugations have been demonstrated to be a dominant strategy for drug delivery and biomedical applications. In this review, we intend to describe several strategies for drug formulation, ...especially to improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble molecules for future application in the therapy of numerous diseases. The context of current studies will give readers an overview of the conjugation strategies for fabricating nanoparticles, which have expanded from conjugated materials to the surface conjugation of nanovehicles. Moreover, nanoconjugates for theranostics are also discussed and highlighted. Overall, these state-of-the-art conjugation methods and these techniques and applications for nanoparticulate systems of poorly water-soluble drugs will inspire scientists to explore and discover more productive techniques and methodologies for drug development.
Targeted exosomal delivery systems for precision nanomedicine attract wide interest across areas of molecular cell biology, pharmaceutical sciences, and nanoengineering. Exosomes are naturally ...derived 50–150 nm nanovesicles that play important roles in cell‐to‐cell and/or cell‐to‐tissue communications and cross‐species communication. Exosomes are also a promising class of novel drug delivery vehicles owing to their ability to shield their payload from chemical and enzymatic degradations as well as to evade recognition by and subsequent removal by the immune system. Combined with a new class of affinity ligands known as aptamers or chemical antibodies, molecularly targeted exosomes are poised to become the next generation of smartly engineered nanovesicles for precision medicine. Here, recent advances in targeted exosomal delivery systems engineered by aptamer for future strategies to promote human health using this class of human‐derived nanovesicles are summarized.
Recent advances in research and development of aptamer‐guided exosomes as a new nanoengineering strategy to achieve targeted drug delivery using bio‐nanoparticles highlight a promising next generation of targeted drug delivery systems. Cross‐fertilization between areas of exosomes and aptamers in both preclinical translational studies predicts a bright future for aptamer‐guided exosomal delivery in precision nanomedicine.
Despite many available approaches for transdermal drug delivery, patient compliance and drug targeting at the desired concentration are still concerns for effective therapies. Precise and efficient ...film-forming systems provide great potential for controlling drug delivery through the skin with the combined advantages of films and hydrogels. The associated disadvantages of both systems (films and hydrogels) will be overcome in film-forming systems. Different strategies have been designed to control drug release through the skin, including changes to film-forming polymers, plasticizers, additives or even model drugs in formulations. In the current review, we aim to discuss the recent advances in film-forming systems to provide the principles and review the methods of these systems as applied to controlled drug release. Advances in the design of film-forming systems open a new generation of these systems.
Although drugs are intended to be selective, at least some bind to several physiological targets, explaining side effects and efficacy. Because many drug-target combinations exist, it would be useful ...to explore possible interactions computationally. Here we compared 3,665 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved and investigational drugs against hundreds of targets, defining each target by its ligands. Chemical similarities between drugs and ligand sets predicted thousands of unanticipated associations. Thirty were tested experimentally, including the antagonism of the beta(1) receptor by the transporter inhibitor Prozac, the inhibition of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) transporter by the ion channel drug Vadilex, and antagonism of the histamine H(4) receptor by the enzyme inhibitor Rescriptor. Overall, 23 new drug-target associations were confirmed, five of which were potent (<100 nM). The physiological relevance of one, the drug N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) on serotonergic receptors, was confirmed in a knockout mouse. The chemical similarity approach is systematic and comprehensive, and may suggest side-effects and new indications for many drugs.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Although zein is a natural protein derived from corn, it has attracted much interest in pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences. Recent remarkable investigations on the use of zein in controlled drug ...delivery have contributed both important knowledge and potential applications of various products, particularly in the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. Zein has also been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for oral delivery. Substantial research has been performed to demonstrate the roles and promise of materials containing zein for pharmaceutical applications. Significant efforts have focused on the biodegradable and hydrophobic properties of zein and on technology using zein as a nanocarrier specifically for nanomedicine. However, important issues concerning the use of zein in technical advances and in the development of poorly water-soluble drugs must be addressed in order to use zein in translational research. This review aims to focus on the classification of potential approaches for using zein in the controlled release of poorly water-soluble drugs and to discuss recommended techniques for creating high-quality products from zein.
This study sought to monitor the presence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and the proportion New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1 (NDM-1)-producing bacteria between August 2010 and ...December 2012 in a surgical hospital in Vietnam. We identified 47 CRE strains from a total of 4,096 Enterobacteriaceae isolates (1.1 %) that were NDM-1-positive from 45 patients admitted to 11 different departments, with the majority being from the urology department. The NDM-1 gene was found in seven different species. Genotyping revealed limited clonality of NDM-1-positive isolates. Most of the isolates carried the NDM-1 gene on a plasmid and 17.8 % (8/45) of those were readily transferable. We found five patients at admission and one patient at discharge with NDM-1-positive bacteria in their stool. From 200 screening environmental hospital samples, five were confirmed to be NDM-1-positive and included
Acinetobacter
species (
n
= 3) and
Enterobacter aerogenes
(
n
= 2). The results reveal that NDM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae are commonly isolated in patients admitted to a Vietnamese surgical hospital and are also detected in the hospital environment.
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Although solid dispersions have been reported as an efficient drug delivery system, the design of specific dosage forms for pharmaceutical therapy is necessary to improve the ...solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Solid dispersions can be incorporated in general solid dosage forms such as powders, granules, capsules and tablets, but only to enhance solubility and the dissolution rate. However, further development of solid dispersions will be required in certain circumstances for further in vivo drug improvement of those solid dosage forms. In the current review, specific designs of solid dosage forms for controlled drug release will be reported. Moreover, methods and strategies for incorporating these solid dispersions into controlled drug release forms will also be discussed. Overall, the outlook of current studies will provide potential approaches for the further improvement of solid dispersions, especially for clinical developments in pharmaceutical therapy.
The improvement of mucoadhesive buccal formulations has attracted profound interest in recent years. Drug permeability and controlled drug release via this route of administration are still a concern ...for effective therapy, although various strategies have been proposed. Advanced developments in nanotechnology have been investigated with promising clinical applications. The incorporation of nanoparticles in dosage forms for buccal delivery not only ensures efficient delivery but also reduces side effects to biological systems. Many approaches have been suggested to load and deliver nanoparticles containing drugs to the buccal mucosa both in topical and systemic administrations. This paper describes recent advanced concepts to include nanoparticles in dosage forms with improving drug delivery or targeting. The classification and discussion of these technologies are aimed at providing an overview of current strategies for applying controlled drug delivery. All remarkable findings will encourage innovative nanoparticle-delivered dosage forms for buccal delivery in clinical applications.
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Ternary solid dispersions have been demonstrated to be an effective strategy in the improvement of drug absorption and bioavailability.
The applications of the combination of hydrophilic polymers ...with the potential of hydrophobic polymer incorporation at moderate concentrations have been discussed in recent publications.
In this paper, the general review of this specific type of solid dispersion will be provided with comprehensive understanding of polymer blends of either hydrophilic or hydrophobic polymers. A detailed description of miscible polymers has been developed in recent studies. In addition to dissolution rate improvement, the role of second polymers in crystal growth inhibition and in maintaining the amorphous state will be mentioned.
We also present a summary of characterization techniques commonly used to evaluate solid dispersion and polymer miscibility.
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with diameters of 30-150 nm. In both physiological and pathological conditions, nearly all types of cells can release exosomes, which play important roles in ...cell communication and epigenetic regulation by transporting crucial protein and genetic materials such as miRNA, mRNA, and DNA. Consequently, exosome-based disease diagnosis and therapeutic methods have been intensively investigated. However, as in any natural science field, the in-depth investigation of exosomes relies heavily on technological advances. Historically, the two main technical hindrances that have restricted the basic and applied researches of exosomes include, first, how to simplify the extraction and improve the yield of exosomes and, second, how to effectively distinguish exosomes from other extracellular vesicles, especially functional microvesicles. Over the past few decades, although a standardized exosome isolation method has still not become available, a number of techniques have been established through exploration of the biochemical and physicochemical features of exosomes. In this work, by comprehensively analyzing the progresses in exosome separation strategies, we provide a panoramic view of current exosome isolation techniques, providing perspectives toward the development of novel approaches for high-efficient exosome isolation from various types of biological matrices. In addition, from the perspective of exosome-based diagnosis and therapeutics, we emphasize the issue of quantitative exosome and microvesicle separation.
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