The pathogenesis of severe dengue is not well understood. Maternally derived subneutralizing levels of dengue virus-reactive IgG are postulated to be a critical risk factor for severe dengue during ...infancy. In this study, we found that, in healthy Vietnamese infants, there was a strong temporal association between the Fc-dependent, dengue virus infection-enhancing activity of neat plasma and the age-related epidemiology of severe dengue. We then postulated that disease severity in infants with primary infections would be associated with a robust immune response, possibly as a consequence of higher viral burdens in vivo. Accordingly, in infants hospitalized with acute dengue, the activation phenotype of peripheral-blood NK cells and CD8+ and CD4+ T cells correlated with overall disease severity, but HLA-A*1101-restricted NS3133–142-specific CD8+ T cells were not measurable until early convalescence. Plasma levels of cytokines/chemokines were generally higher in infants with dengue shock syndrome. Collectively, these data support a model of dengue pathogenesis in infants whereby antibody-dependent enhancement of infection explains the age-related case epidemiology and could account for antigen-driven immune activation and its association with disease severity. These results also highlight potential risks in the use of live attenuated dengue vaccines in infants in countries where dengue is endemic.
In the study, rGO was used as an electron mediator to establish WO3@rGO@AgI (WrGA) ternary heterojunction to apply for degradation of Amoxil upon excitation of visible light. Various characterization ...methods and technologies, such as XRD, SEM, TEM, UV–Vis and PL, and trapping experiments of active species were applied to determine charge separation as well as degradation mechanism. The achieved data showed that both WO3 and AgI in the synthesized WrGA had suitable band gap energies to absorb provided visible light for e− jumping from valence band (VB) to conduction band (CB) leaving h+ at the VB. Then, the rGO effectively acted as e− mediator to promote Z scheme mechanism for its migration from the WO3 CB to the AgI VB to prevent charge recombination in WO3 as well as AgI. The charge separation via Z scheme mechanism also maintained significant charges (e− at AgI CB and h+ at WO3 VB) with high redox potentials for photocatalysis. Therefore, the Amoxil degradation efficiency of the WrGA was 24% higher than that of the WA (without rGO). Finally, the recycling tests showed novel stability and recycling potential of the synthesized WrGA opening new era for its application in practical system for degradation of organic pollutants.
Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer is a leading cancer incidence and cause of death worldwide and in Vietnam. Although screening is considered an effective measure to prevent and control ...colorectal cancer, there is no such effort in Vietnam.
Methods
Between 01 January 2018 and 31 October 2019, a population-based colorectal cancer screening program was conducted in Hanoi, Vietnam. A health advocacy campaign and follow-up phone calls were used to enroll residents aged ≥40 years old to complete an immunochemical-fecal occult blood testing. Positive immunochemical-fecal occult blood testing was followed by a colonoscopy. We also conducted a systematic review of the colorectal cancer screening programs in the Asia-Pacific region that used similar approach by searching Ovid Medline and PubMed databases.
Results
During study period, 103 542 individuals among 672 742 eligible residents attended the screening of whom 81.5% participants finished immunochemical-fecal occult blood testing test and the positive rate was 6.1%. The coverage rate for immunochemical-fecal occult blood testing test was 11.9%. Among 2278 individuals who underwent colonoscopy, 3.5% were histologically diagnosed with cancer, 17.8% with advanced adenomas, and 23.1% with non-advanced adenomas. Males had significantly higher detection rate of advanced adenomas, cancer or ≥ two polyps/tumor than females (P < 0.0001). The systematic review showed that in two-step modality (i.e. immunochemical-fecal occult blood testing/fecal immunochemical test and colonoscopy), the test positive was from 4.1 to 10.6%. Once colonoscopy was performed subsequently, the rate of cancer among positive participants was from 1.7 to 16.4% and that of advanced adenomas was from 7.1 to 23.1%.
Conclusion
We showed that the two-step modality is a promising strategy for colorectal cancer screening in Vietnam that might apply to similar settings with limited resources
This report described the first-ever population-based colorectal cancer screening program in 103 542 individuals in Vietnam, using immunochemical-fecal occult blood testing test and subsequent colonoscopy among those with positive test results of immunochemical-fecal occult blood testing.
A novel tertiary magnetic ZnFe2O4/BiOBr/rGO visible light-driven photocatalytic system was successfully synthesized from graphite, bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, iron (III) nitrate, and zinc nitrate ...precursors. The produced materials were characterized regarding micro-structure, chemical composition and functional groups, surface charge properties, photocatalytic characteristics such as band gap energy (Eg), recombination rate of charge carriers, and magnetic properties. ZnFe2O4/BiOBr/rGO heterojunction photocatalyst exhibited a saturation magnetization of 7.5 emu/g, and a visible light response (Eg = 2.08 eV). Thus, under visible light, these materials could generate effective charge carriers responsible for forming free hydroxyl radicals (HO•) for degrading organic pollutants. ZnFe2O4/BiOBr/rGO also exhibited the lowest charge carriers recombination rate compared to all individual components. The construction of ZnFe2O4/BiOBr/rGO system resulted in 1.35 to 2.55 times higher in photocatalytic degradation of DB 71 compared to individual components. At the optimal conditions (0.5 g/L catalyst load and pH 7.0), the ZnFe2O4/BiOBr/rGO system could completely degrade 30 mg/L DB 71 after 100 min. DB 71 degradation process was best described by the pseudo-first-order model, with the coefficient of determination within the range of 0.9043–0.9946 for all conditions. HO• radicals were mainly responsible for degrading the pollutant. The photocatalytic system could be effortlessly regenerated, very stable, which showed an efficiency of >80.0 % after 5 repetitive runs regarding the DB 71 photodegradation. The photocatalyst was easily recovered by a magnet. This research provides a novel approach for producing an effective and practical photocatalyst that can be applied in real organic pollutants-containing waste water treatment systems.
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•Novel magnetic ZnFe2O4/BiOBr/rGO system generated both O2•- and HO• by visible light.•Synergic effects between components led to lowering charge carrier recombination rate.•ZnFe2O4/BiOBr/rGO system exhibited better photocatalytic activity than other systems.•Dye degradation process impacted by various factors, following Pseudo-1st-Order Kinetics.•The photocatalyst was easily regenerated and recovered with high stability and reactivity.
Reading practices play an important role in the learning process of students. Especially in a fast-changing world where knowledge about nature and society is in a constant state of flux, book reading ...helps students foster skills such as thinking, valuing, adaptability and creativity for sustainable development. This research study used a dataset of 1676 observations of junior high school students from Northern Vietnam to explore students’ academic achievement and its association with their reading passion, family socio economic condition, parental education and occupational aspiration. The empirical results show that higher grades in STEM-related subjects are predicted by reading interest (βReadbook = 0.425, p < 0.0001), with students who love reading books achieve higher score than those who take no interest in books. Remarkably, the education level of the mother strongly enhances academic performance, with β = 0.721 (p < 0.0001) in cases of mother having a university diploma or higher. Students coming from wealthy families are more likely to buy books whereas borrowing from the library is the main source of books for students who grow up in not-rich families. However, even among wealthy families, investment into buying books still rely more on personal interest, despite the aforementioned educational benefits of book reading, as evidenced by an over 7 percentage point disparity between the likelihood of purchasing books among wealthy-family students who took an interest in reading (45%) versus students of the same background who did not like to read (38.7%). The results present implications for education policy making with a vision towards United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 4: Quality Education.
In this study, InVO4 was effectively hybridized with g-C3N4 to create InVO4/g-C3N4 Z-scheme heterojunction. Ag metals were also successfully decorated on the InVO4/g-C3N4 to further improve its ...photocatalytic performance for tetracycline degradation. Scavenger experiments were conducted to investigate photocatalytic degradation mechanism of the synthesized materials. The characterization and experimental results showed that InVO4 and g-C3N4 would absorb incident visible light to induce electrons to their conduction band (CB) leaving holes at their valence band (VB). Then, photo-induced electrons in the InVO4 CB would move to the g-C3N4 VB to recombine with its holes leading to preservation of photo-induced electrons at the g-C3N4 CB, which has high reduction potential, and holes in the InVO4 VB, which has high oxidation potential, for effective degradation of tetracycline. When Ag metals were decorated on InVO4/g-C3N4, plasmon resonance of Ag would effectively increase light absorption and induce electron-hole separation of the InVO4 as well as the g-C3N4. The decorated Ag also acted as charge mediator to enhance electron transfer from the InVO4 CB and the g-C3N4 VB to improve electron-hole separation or photocatalytic efficiency of the InVO4/g-C3N4. Therefore, the Ag decorated on InVO4/g-C3N4 (AIC) presented novel photocatalytic performance for degradation of tetracycline. Finally, the regenerating experiment results indicated that the AIC could be effectively regenerated after being used.
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•Successfully established InVO4/g-C3N4 Z-scheme heterojunction.•Successfully decorated Ag on InVO4/g-C3N4 to further enhance its photocatalytic activity.•The Ag decorated on InVO4/g-C3N4 showed novel photocatalytic activity for TC degradation.•The synthesized photocatalyst exhibited novel stability and regenerating ability.
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In this work, we report 14 novel quinazoline derivatives as immune checkpoint inhibitors, IDO1 and PD-L1. The antitumor screening of synthesized compounds on ovarian cancer cells ...indicated that compound V-d and V-l showed the most activity with IC50 values of about 5 μM. Intriguingly, compound V-d emerges as a stand out, triggering cell death through caspase-dependent and caspase-independent manners. More importantly, V-d presents its ability to hinder tumor sphere formation and re-sensitized cisplatin-resistant A2780 cells to cisplatin treatment. These findings suggest that compound V-d emerges as a promising lead candidate for the future development of immuno anticancer agents.
Objectives
To evaluate the impact of clinical pharmacist‐led interventions on the switch from intravenous (IV) to oral (PO) antibiotics among inpatients with infectious diseases.
Methods
A ...before‐and‐after study was conducted among inpatients aged 18 or older who were diagnosed with infectious diseases and received IV antibiotics for at least 24 h at the Thong Nhat Hospital during the pre‐intervention (between January 2021 and June 2021) and intervention (between January 2022 and June 2022) periods. Information on patient characteristics, antibiotic usage, length of hospital stay and treatment outcomes was obtained from medical records. The interventions included introducing IV‐to‐PO switch guidelines to physicians and clinical pharmacists' feedback on eligible cases. The impact of the pharmacists' interventions was evaluated by comparing primary outcomes (switch rate and appropriateness of switching) and secondary outcomes (duration of IV therapy, length of hospital stay and treatment outcomes) between the two study periods.
Results
We included 99 patients in the pre‐intervention and 80 patients in the intervention period. The proportion of patients who switched from IV‐to‐PO antibiotics increased from 44.4% in the pre‐intervention period to 67.8% in the intervention period (p = 0.008). The overall rate of appropriate conversion increased significantly from 43.8% to 67.5% (p = 0.043). There were no statistically significant differences between the two periods with respect to the median duration of IV therapy (9 days vs. 8 days), length of hospital stay (10 days vs. 9 days) and treatment outcomes. Logistic regression analysis showed that the interventions resulted in a higher switch rate, whereas age was negatively associated with the switching rate.
Conclusions
The implementation of clinical pharmacist‐led interventions was effective in promoting IV‐to‐PO antibiotic conversion.
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•CuFe2O4@tetracarboxy-porphyrin nanofiber hybrid materials were synthesized.•Hybrid material exhibited good photoenergy-harvesting from solar fuel.•Hybrid material was magnetically ...separable and recyclable.•Self-assembly was used to produce efficient photocatalysts for water splitting.•Rhodamine B degradation mechanism using composite material is proposed.
The main aim of this study was to synthesize an innovative magnetic CuFe2O4@porphyrin nanofiber hybrid material via one-step re-precipitation self-assembly of freebase-tetracarboxy-porphyrin (TCPP), in the presence of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles. The resultant hybrid materials were thoroughly characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray mapping, X-ray diffractometry, and Fourier-transform infrared, and UV–vis spectroscopy. Results showed well-integration of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles into TCPP nanofiber network, with the average size of CuFe2O4 being less than 100 nm and diameter and length of TCPP aggregate being approximately 20 nm and several µm, respectively. The as-prepared hybrid material possessed strong magnetic properties with a saturated magnetization value of approximately 25 emu/g. This photocatalyst was highly efficient in the removal of rhodamine B (RhB) dye, with the rate constant reaching 2.1 × 10−2 min−1. This paper describes in detail a plausible photocatalytic mechanism for RhB removal by CuFe2O4@porphyrin nanofiber hybrid material.
Increasing water temperatures and salinity intrusion due to climate change are serious challenges for freshwater aquaculture. In this study, we assessed the combined effects of salinization at 0, 6, ...and 9‰ and water temperatures of 28, 31, and 34 °C on the survival and growth rates, and feed utilization, of freshwater snakehead
Channa striata
. We also assessed feed digestibility in snakeheads to explore their physiological mechanisms. The lowest survival rate (66.7%) was found at 34 °C-9‰. The highest daily weight gain of 0.72 g/day was found at 34 °C-0‰, while the second highest (0.62 g/day) was at 31 °C-0‰. Chymotrypsin activity increased at higher temperatures; the activities of α-amylase and pepsin were lowest at 34 °C-9‰. The highest apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for dry matter (80.3%), protein (95.3%), and lipid (97.9%) were observed at 31 °C-0‰ (
p
< 0.05). Elevated temperature (34 °C) combined with high salinity (9‰) was lethal for one-third of the fish. The lowest ADC and α-amylase activities led to the highest feed-conversion ratio. Snakehead growth rates were highest in the 31 °C-0‰ and 34 °C-0‰ treatments. The combined highest salinity and highest temperature treatment (34 °C-9‰) decreased snakehead growth, feed utilization efficiency, feed digestibility, and enzyme activities (except for chymotrypsin).
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