The impact of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) therapy on lipid and glucose metabolism and kidney function in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, along with its side effects on blood ...cells, remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted a study that enrolled 280 patients with HCV infection who achieved sustained virologic response after treatment with DAA therapy without ribavirin to evaluate the metabolic changes, renal function, and anemia risk based on real-world data. This study was an observational prospective study with a follow-up period of 12 weeks after the initiation of DAA therapy. Data on biochemical tests, renal function, blood counts, viral load, and host genomics were recorded before treatment and after 12 weeks of treatment with DAAs. DAA therapy reduced fibrosis-4 scores and improved liver function, with significant reductions in aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin levels. However, DAA therapy slightly increased uric acid, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. It significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels and hemoglobin A1C index (HbA1C) in the study group, while hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) concentrations decreased significantly (4.78 ± 21.79 g/L and 0.09% ± 0.11%, respectively). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decreased by 12.89 ± 39.04 mL/min/1.73m.sup.2 . Most variations were not related to the genotype, except for Hb, HCT, and HbA1C. Anemia incidence increased from 23.58% before treatment to 30.72% after treatment. Patients with HCV-1 genotype had a higher rate of anemia than did patients with genotype 6 (36.23% vs. 24.62%). Multivariate analysis showed that the risk of anemia was related to female sex, cirrhosis status, fibrosis-4 score, pretreatment eGFR, and pretreatment Hb level. The results of our study can provide helpful information to clinicians for the prognosis and treatment of HCV infection.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Samples of the bimetallic-based NH2-MIL-125(Ti) at a ratio of Mn+/Ti4+ is 0.15 (Mn+: Ni2+, Co2+ and Fe3+) were first synthesized using the solvothermal method. Their fundamental properties were ...analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption–desorption measurements, and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). The as-acquired materials were used as high-efficiency heterogeneous photocatalysts to remove Rhodamine B (RhB) dye under visible light. The results verified that 82.4% of the RhB (3 × 10−5 M) was degraded within 120 min by 15% Fe/Ti−MOFs. Furthermore, in the purpose of degrading Rhodamine B (RhB), the rate constant for the 15% Fe/Ti-MOFs was found to be 2.6 times as fast as that of NH2-MIL-125(Ti). Moreover, the 15% Fe/Ti-MOFs photocatalysts remained stable after three consecutive cycles. The trapping test demonstrated that the major active species in the degradation of the RhB process were hydroxyl radicals (HO∙) and holes (h+).
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In materials technology, composites are considered as one of the potential materials due to their stable structure, ability to contain functional groups that are essential for ...adsorption, porosity and large specific surface area, and processing process. Metal-organic framework materials based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) substrates were synthesized through a solvothermal method to recover the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in an aqueous medium. Several experimental parameters that affect the adsorption process were investigated, including adsorption time, solution pH, ionic strength, and initial concentration. The langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order are in close agreement with the ciprofloxacin adsorption assay data. The CoFe-MOF aerogel material at the ratio of 1 CMC has a relatively high CIP adsorption capacity with an adsorption capacity of 226.8 mg/g at pH 8, an initial CIP concentration of 80 ppm for 90 min. The Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the adsorption process through 15 runs of experiments based on the response surface method (RSM). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the correlation between the test and the prediction followed the quadratic polynomial model with the regression parameter R2 = 0.9984. The optimal conditions for removal of 64.85% CIP were predicted to be 0.013 g/L CoFe-MOF aerogel, a CIP concentration of 92.42 mg/L, and a pH 7.26 within 90 min. In addition, the electrostatic interaction between the adsorbent and the adsorbent surface is significantly affected by the competition of Na ions in the salt and the solution pH value. In summary, CoFe-MOF aerogel is considered a suitable material that can have significant effects on wastewater treatment and a potential candidate for extended advanced research.
Chloroaluminate ionic liquid bound on magnetic nanoparticles (Fe
O
@O
SiPrMIMCl·AlCl
) was prepared and used as a heterogenous Lewis acidic catalyst for the Friedel-Crafts sulfonylation of aromatic ...compounds with sulfonyl chlorides or
-toluenesulfonic anhydride. The catalyst's stability, efficiency, easy recovery, and high recyclability without considerable loss of catalytic capability after four recycles were evidence of its advantages. Furthermore, the stoichiometry, wide substrate scope, short reaction time, high yield of sulfones, and solvent-free reaction condition also made this procedure practical, ecofriendly, and economical.
In this work, Pt-SiO2/graphene nanocomposites have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions and investigated as electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation. Structure and morphology of these ...catalysts are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption/desorption studies. The Pt and SiO2 contents of these nanocomposites are determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Their electrocatalytic properties are investigated by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impendence spectroscopy. The as-prepared nanocomposites show the improved catalytic performance, better stability and good antiposoining ability compared with Pt supported on graphene catalyst. Particularly, the catalyst containing 9.24% of SiO2 exhibits the best electrocatalytic performance for methanol oxidation with mass activity of 1047mAmg−1.
Waste oyster shells were used to remove phosphate and the effects of thermal pretreatment were studied. Thermal pretreatment under different conditions (400 °C for 0.5 h, 400 °C for 2 h, and 700 °C ...for 2 h) shifted the isoelectric point (pH
IEP
) of oyster shells to more alkaline range, while surface area decreased from 3.47 to 0.52 m
2
/g when pretreated at 700 °C for 2 h. Phosphate adsorption was enhanced when using pretreated oyster shells. Adsorption fitted well with Langmuir isotherm model. Both the maximum monolayer coverage (
Q
0
) and the adsorption constant (
b
) increased when using oyster shells preheated at 400 °C. The values of
Q
0
and
b
increased significantly to 5.332 mg/g and 0.728 L/mg, respectively, at pH 10.59 when using oyster shells preheated at 700 °C for 2 h, which could be attributed to the formation of calcium oxide (CaO) as evidenced by analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Both adsorption and precipitation processes were involved in the reactions as supported by analysis of loaded oyster shells by XPS, and hydroxyapatite (Ca
5
(PO
4
)
3
(OH)) was formed on surfaces of oyster shells.
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•Pt/rGO catalysts were successfully synthesized using either NaBH4 or ethylene glycol.•Synthesis using NaBH4 could improve electrocatalytic towards methanol oxidation of Pt/rGO ...catalyst.•40%Pt/rGO synthesized using NaBH4 showed the best electrocatalytic performance.
The synthesis processes of Platinum (Pt) on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) catalysts from graphene oxide (GO) using two reducing agents including sodium borohydride and ethylene glycol is reported. Structure and morphology of Pt/rGO catalysts are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrocatalytic methanol oxidation properties of these catalysts are evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The results show that catalyst synthesized using sodium borohydride has a higher metallic Pt content and an improved catalytic performance in comparison to catalyst synthesized using ethylene glycol. Moreover, effect of Pt loading amount on electrocatalytic methanol oxidation performance of catalysts synthesized using sodium borohydride is systematically investigated. The optimal Pt loading amount on graphene is determined to be 40%.
•Protein scaffold PSAT, PSP, and EamA for the production of L-serine.•Overexpression with synthesis scaffold protein harvested 2.3 g/l L-serine.•Highest L-serine titer reached 3.18 g/l, which is ...23.7% mass yield.
Although L-Serine has wide applications and great market potential, its application is limited by its high cost and low yields. Microbial factories have many advantages for producing L-serine from renewable carbon resources. To achieve L-serine production with high efficiency, three enzymes (SerB, SerC, and EamA) were physically re-localized by using a scaffold system GBD:SH3:PDZ. Such strategy was highly effective in improving the production of L-serine in Escherichia coli. The highest concentration of L-serine harvested was at 3.8 g/l after 48 h in strain E. coli with the scaffold GBD:SH3:PDZ at ratio of 1:2:1, reaching a high yield of 0.24 mol/mol glucose.
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The objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate some physiochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of bitter taste masking microparticles containing azithromycin loaded in ...dispersible tablets. In the first stage of the study, the bitter taste masking microparticles were prepared by solvent evaporation and spray drying method. When compared to the bitter threshold (32.43µg/ml) of azithromycin (AZI), the microparticles using AZI:Eudragit L100=1:4 and having a size distribution of 45–212µm did significantly mask the bitter taste of AZI. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) proved that the taste masking of microparticles resulted from the intermolecular interaction of the amine group in AZI and the carbonyl group in Eudragit L100. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis was used to display the amorphous state of AZI in microparticles. Images obtaining from optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated the existence of microparticles in regular cube shape with many layers. In the second stage, dispersible tablets containing microparticles (DTs-MP) were prepared by direct compression technique. Stability study was conducted to screen pH modulators for DTs-MP, and a combination of alkali agents (CaCO3:NaH2PO4, 2:1) was added into DTs-MP to create microenvironment pH of 5.0–6.0 for the tablets. The disintegration time of optimum DTs-MP was 53±5.29s and strongly depended on the kinds of lubricant and diluent. The pharmacokinetic study in the rabbit model using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry showed that the mean relative bioavailability (AUC) and mean maximum concentration (Cmax) of DTs-MP were improved by 2.19 and 2.02 times, respectively, compared to the reference product (Zithromax®, Pfizer).
In recent years, the shortage of water resources has become a serious threat to human and living creatures. Water shortages were caused by climate change, such as altered weather patterns, including ...droughts or floods, increased pollution, and increased human demand and overuse of water. Without the proper source of water, people encounter a lot of problems in health, hunger, education, and poverty. In this work, an electrochemical system was applied to cut the heavy metals in semiconductor processing wastewater and also was able to generate a notable volume of recovered water. Consequently, a batch system to treat each 10 L of heavily affected Cadmium ions effluent and recover 70% of those input solutions as a clean water resource was introduced. The systems are prepared with a pair of Polyaniline coated (PAC) electrodes together work under low voltage input, and yet still maintain a high removal efficiency of Cadmium at the maximum rate of 92% and produce reclaimed water over time with 5.5–6.5 L every 60 min. Parameters such as treatment temperature, initial concentration of Cadmium and other pollutants, electrolysis time, and the current efficiency of the system play a significant role during the process. The results obtained from electrode material analysis confirm the successfully preparing of the Polyaniline coated electrode and also describes its behavior under different working conditions. On the other hand, the efficiency of the treatment process is also carefully evaluated by examining the output effluent properties using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) measurement, turbidity measurement, and total solid suspended (TSS) measurement.
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-A simple, efficient way of recovering water.-Supply a cheaper electrochemical process.-Highly eliminates cadmium ion from industrial wastewater.-Ideal for small companies or developing countries.
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