The disuse hypothesis of cognitive aging attributes decrements in fluid intelligence in older adults to reduced cognitively stimulating activity. This study experimentally tested the hypothesis that ...a period of increased mentally stimulating activities thus would enhance older adults' fluid intelligence performance. Participants (N = 44, mean age 67.82) were administered pre- and post-test measures, including the fluid intelligence measure, Cattell's Culture Fair (CCF) test. Experimental participants engaged in diverse, novel, mentally stimulating activities for 10-12 weeks and were compared to a control condition. Results supported the hypothesis; the experimental group showed greater pre- to post-CCF gain than did controls (effect size d = 0.56), with a similar gain on a spatial-perceptual task (WAIS-R Blocks). Even brief periods of increased cognitive stimulation can improve older adults' problem solving and flexible thinking.
Individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) show a specific deficit in visuo‐spatial abilities. This finding, however, derives mainly from performance on small‐scale laboratory‐based tasks. This study ...investigated large‐scale route learning in individuals with WS and two matched control groups (moderate learning difficulty group MLD, typically developing group TD). In a non‐labelling and a labelling (verbal information provided along the route) condition, participants were guided along one of two unfamiliar 1‐km routes with 20 junctions, and then retraced the route themselves (two trials). The WS participants performed less well than the other groups, but given verbal information and repeated experience they learnt nearly all of the turns along the route. The extent of improvement in route knowledge (correct turns) in WS was comparable to that of the control groups. Relational knowledge (correctly identifying spatial relationships between landmarks), compared with the TD group, remained poor for both the WS and the MLD group. Assessment of the relationship between performance on the large‐scale route‐learning task and that on three small‐scale tasks (maze learning, perspective taking, map use) showed no relationship for the TD controls, and only a few non‐specific associations in the MLD and WS groups.
Book Reviews Lucas, A. M.; Reddaway, Jim; Stone, Lesley ...
Journal of Biological Education,
19/9/1/, Letnik:
25, Številka:
3
Book Review
Recenzirano
Is science necessary?: Essays on science and scientists M. Perutz. 285 pp. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991. £5.99. ISBN 0 19 286118 2 Reviewed by A. M. Lucas
Understanding biology for advanced ...level 2nd edn. G. Toole and S. Toole. 712 pp. Cheltenham, Glos: Stanley Thornes, 1991. £16.50. ISBN 0 7487 0539 2 Reviewed by Jim Reddaway
Classic experiments in modern biology M. H. Green. 208 pp. Oxford: W. H. Freeman, 1991. £11.95. ISBN 0 7167 2149 X Reviewed by A. M. Lucas
Mastering science R. Barrass. 414 pp. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan Education, 1991. £5.99. ISBN 0 333 49985 9 Reviewed by Lesley Stone
Sport science R. Hawkey. 118 pp. Sevonoaks, Kent: Hodder and Stoughton, 1991. £6.99. ISBN 0 340 52523 1 Reviewed by John A. Barker
Introduction to chemistry for biology students 4th edn. G. I. Sackheim. 184 pp. Wokingham, Berks: Addison-Wesley (for Redwood City, California: Benjamin/Cummings), 1991. £8.95. ISBN 0 8053 7704 2 Reviewed by Stephen M. Neate
Higher grade biology J. Torrance et al. 262 pp. Sevenoaks, Kent: Hodder and Stoughton, 1991. £9.50. ISBN 0 340 53611 X Reviewed by N. T. Souter
Collins Gem Basic Facts Dictionary of Biology 3rd edn. T. A. McCahill. 312 pp. Glasgow, Scotland: Harper Collins, 1991. £2.99. ISBN 0 00 459114 3 Reviewed by Pat Blakeley
Preparing COSHH risk assessments for project work in schools Scottish Schools Equipment Research Centre (SSERC). Edinburgh, Scotland: SSERC, 1991. £7.50 Reviewed by E. W. Jenkins
Biology: concepts and applications C. Starr. 599 pp. London: Chapman and Hall (for Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing), 1991. £15.95. ISBN 0 534 98463 0 Reviewed by Jan Dick
Leeuwenhoek legacy Brian J. Ford. 10+181 pp. Colchester, Essex: Portland Press, 1991. £25/US$47.50. ISBN 1 85083 0169 Reviewed by John A. Barker
Ceil communication in health and disease Readings from Scientific American. Ed. H. Rasmussen. 185 pp. Oxford: W. H. Freeman, 1991. £10.95. ISBN 0 7167 2224 0 Reviewed by Ann Schofield
AIDS and you: an illustrated guide to HIV and AIDS 2nd edn. Ed. D. R. Morgan, 59 pp. London: British Medical Association and the Health Education Authority, 1991. £2.25/£3.25 (overseas). ISBN 0 7279 0307 1 (BMA)/l 85448 246 7 (HEA) Reviewed by Michael Reiss
AIDS simulation game G. Thomas, 53pp. Cambridge: Daniels Pearson (38 Cambridge Place, Cambridge CB2 INS), 1991. £24.95. ISBN 1 85467 147 2 Reviewed by Maureen Hayward
Exercises in applied genetics L. Burnet. 120 pp. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. £5.95. ISBN 0 521 33883 2 Reviewed by Dave Davey
Biochemistry C. K. Mathews and K. E. van Holde. 1129 pp. Wokingham, Berks: AddisontVesley (for Redwood City, California: BenjaminlCummings), 1990. USS24.95. ISBN 0 8053 5015 2 Reviewed by Stuart Elford
Molecular parasitology J. E. Hyde. 302 pp. Milton Keynes, Bucks: Open University Press, 1990. £45.001£18.99. ISBNs 0335 15889 7/15888 9 Reviewed by David Rollinstone
Anaerobic bacteria P. N. Levett. 122 pp. Milton Keynes, Bucks: Open University Press, 1990. £30.00/£12.99. ISBNs 0 335 09206 3/09205 5 Reviewed by B. I. Dverden
Cellular and molecular events in spermiogenesis-scientific basis of fertility regulation Proceedings of a symposium held at Oaxtepec, Mexico, 11-13 March 1987. Ed D. W. Hamilton and G. M. H. Waites. 334 pp. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (for the World Health Organization), 1989. £45.001179.50. ISBN 0 521 37265 8 Reviewed by Jack Cohen
The trials of life Sir David Attenborough. 320 pp. London: Collins/BBC Books, 1990. £16.95. ISBN 0 00 219912 2 Reviewed by Richard Fosbery
Animalwatching: a field guide to animal behaviour D. Morris. 256 pp. London: Jonathan Cape, 1990. £17.95. ISBN 0 224 02794 8 Reviewed by John A. Barker
Metaphors of mind: conceptions of the nature of intelligence R. J. Sternberg. 344 pp. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. i30.00liU.95. $44,501 SI7.95. ISBNs 0 521 35579 6/38633 0 Reviewed by Michael J. Reiss
Bird habitats: resources for basic literacy and the National Curriculum S. Brown. 24 pp. Penzance, Cornwall: Taking Wing Educational Resources (Lower Chellew, Ludgvan, Penzance, Cornwall, TR20 8BL), 1990. £15.00 (plus £1.50 p & p). ISBN 1 872685 00 5 Reviewed by David Elcome
Butterflies: a practical guide to their study in school grounds via the national curriculum J. Feltwell. 24 pp. Winchester, Hants: Learning through Landscapes Trust (Third Floor, Technology House, Victoria Road, Winchester S023 7DU), 1990. £3.00 (plus 50p p & p). ISBN 1 872965 00 3 Reviewed by Nigel Collins
Methods in stomatal research J. D. B. Weyers and H. Meidner. 233 pp. Harlow, Essex: Longman, 1990. £22.99. ISBN 0 582 03483 3 Reviewed by Maria Dunkin
Nature areas for city people: a guide to the successful establishment of community wildlife sites Ecology Handbook 14. J. Johnston. 116 pp. London: London Ecology Unit (Bedford House, 125 Camden High Street. London NW1 7JR), 1990. £6.00 (plus £1.25 p & p). ISBN 187104510 X Reviewed by John A. Barker
The urban environment: a sourcebook for the 1990s Ed. G. F. M. Dawe. 636 pp. Birmingham: Centre for Urban Ecology (The Birmingham Settlement, 318 Summer Lane, Birmingham B19 3RL), 1990. £55.00 (£25.00 to UK schools direct from publisher). ISBN 0 907272 07 X Reviewed by Ian Douglas
Conservation in school grounds N. Forster. 11 4-sided A4 workcards in a folder. Wallingford, Oxon: British Trust for Conservation Volunteers, 1987. £4.95. Reviewed by Sue Bouchler
Learning through Landscapes: a report on the use, design, management and development of school grounds Ed. E. Adams. 282 pp. Winchester, Hants: Learning through Landscapes Trust, 1990. £28.00 (plus £2.00 p & p). ISBN 1 872865 01 1 Reviewed by Monica Hale
Ecology in the National Curriculum: a practical guide to using school grounds P. Rupert Booth. 32 pp. Winchester, Hants: Learning through Landscapes Trust, 1990. £3.00 (plus 50p p & p). ISBN 1 872865 02 X Reviewed by John A. Barker
Using school grounds as an educational resource K. Young/Learning through Landscapes. 24 pp. Winchester, Hants: Learning through Landscapes Trust, 1990. £2.50 (plus 50p p & p). ISBN 1 877865 04 6 Reviewed by John A. Barker
Annual Review of Environmental Education 90/91 Ed. S. R. Sterling. 48 pp. Reading, Berks: Council for Environmental Education, 1991. £4.00. ISBN 0 906711 20 7 Reviewed by Barbara Tomlins
Conservation fact pack British Trust for Conservation Volunteers. 10 double-sided A4 workcards and folder. Wallingford, Oxon: BTCV, 1990. £4.95. ISBN 0 946 752 06 0 Reviewed by Sue Bouchier
Green wellies for all: the adventures of a pioneer conservationist P. Hamilton (with A. Hamilton). 144 pp. Oxford: Lion Publishing, 1991. £2.99. ISBN 0 7459 2036 5 Reviewed by Sue Hull
Practical conservation: woodlands A. Lane and J. Tail. (The Open University in association with the Nature Conservancy Council). 128 pp. Sevenoaks, Kent: Hodder and Stoughton, 1990. £7.95. ISBN 0 340 53366 8 Reviewed by Ruth Taylor
Ecological diversity and its measurement A. E. Magurran. 179 pp. London: Croom Helm, 1988. £9.95. ISBN 0 7099 3540 4 Reviewed by Vic Lally
A Scottish nature diary D. Willis. 178 pp. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers, 1990. £13.95. ISBN 0 85976 305 6 Reviewed by Kay Dodson
The scientific lady: a social history of woman's scientific interests 1520-1918 P. Phillips. 279 pp. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1990. £25.00. ISBN 0 297 82043 5 Reviewed by John Head
The trials of life - a user's guide A 72-page A4 booklet by John Barker and Steve Pollock. Available from: BBC Television, London W12 7RJ. Price £3.95 Reviewed by Mary R. Jones
Environmental enrichment: advancing animal care A 35-minute colour VHS video and accompanying information pack produced by and available from the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, 8 Hamilton Close, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts EN6 3QD. (Tel. 0707-58202; fax. 0707-49279.) Price £15.00 inc. p & p. ISBN 0 900767 73 1 Reviewed by John Tranter
Strange tales from the dunes: persistent predators and poisonous prey A 30-minute colour video written by P. J. Garson, Department of Biology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne. Available from the Audio Visual Centre, University of Newcastle upon Tyne. The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE2 4HH (Tel. 091-222 6000.) Purchase price £37.00 (plus VAT and p & p). Also available for hire, and on a sale or return basis, at a charge of £12.00 (plus VA T and p & p) Reviewed by Stephen J. Whittle
Perspectives in Science An interactive video series produced by the National Film Board of Canada. The series consists of four videotapes, The program in action (introduction); Water; Biotechnology; Toxic waste, and a teacher's guide. Available in the UK from Educational Media International, 235 Imperial Drive, Rayners Lane, Harrow, Middlesex HA2 7HE. (Tel. 081-868 1908/1915; fax 081-868 1991.) Price £99.00 plus VAT and p & p. Reviewed by Jane Chambers, N. L. Morgan and Steve Boreham
Medical ultrasound A 9-minute video produced for the Newham Health Authority in association with the TASTE project (a project aimed at bringing an awareness of industry to the science classroom). Available from the X-ray Dept, St Andrew's Hospital, Devons Road, Bow, London E3 3NT. Price £15.00plus £2.25 p. & p. Further details are available from Bob Morpeth, District Radiographer, St Andrew's Hospital (tel. 071-987 2030) Reviewed by Dennis Taylor
Safety Side Up A 24-minute colour video produced by David Bellamy Associates Communications Ltd, for ICI Agrochemicals. Available on free loan from ICI Agrochemicals, UK Sales, Woolmead House West, Bear Lane, Famham, Surrey GV9 7UB. (Tel. 0252-733888; fax. 0252 736333.) Reviewed by Dave Dennis
AIDS and development A 27-page loose-leaf information pack supplied in an A4 folder. Published and available from CAFOD, 2 Romero Close, Stockwell Road, London SW9 9TY. (Tel. 071-733 7900; fax 071-274 9630.) Price £1.00 plus 25% p & p (35% for overseas orders). ISBN 1 871549 15 9 Reviewed by Richard Forsbery
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5.
Book Reviews Lucas, A. M.; Reddaway, Jim; Stone, Lesley ...
Journal of Biological Education,
09/1991, Letnik:
25, Številka:
3
Book Review
Recenzirano
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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