The aim of the research was to test the hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic
motivation (HMIEM) as a model for understanding the process of dropping out of
sports in adolescence. The task ...oriented motivational climate created by a coach
was defined as the social factor, whereas the satisfaction of need for
competence and enjoyment were the psychological mediators of amotivation.
Cognitive outcome was defined as the intention to drop out of sports. The
sample consisted of 383 respondents, 49.9% boys and 50.1% girls from Serbia,
average age 13.74 years, who actively played volleyball, basketball, and
handball. Results of the structural modelling equation analysis confirmed that
the HMIEM represented a good model for understanding the process of dropping
out, and that it explained 18.9% of the intention to drop out of sports in
adolescence. Athletes who perceive their coach’s behaviour as non-supportive,
rigid, primarily focused on achievement, will have sense of incompetence and will
lack enjoyment while doing sport. Unsatisfied needs then lead to the development
of amotivation – the lack of reasons to do sports, and to the intention to drop
out of sports. These results represent a further step towards creating
educational programmes for youth sport that might prevent dropping out of sport
in adolescence.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The main aim of this study is to examine age and gender differences in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among Serbian secondary school children. The secondary aim is to explore the association between ...CRF and quality of life in Serbian adolescents. The sample consisted of 579 adolescents (285 males), aged from 14 to 18 years old. To evaluate their anthropometric measurements, body height and body weight were examined, the 20 m shuttle run test was used to access CRF, and the standardized global measure of wellbeing KIDSCREEN was used to access the wellbeing of adolescents. The results show that the boys possessed higher CRF compared to the girls, as well as higher scores on variable distance, but there were no significant differences according to age. CRF was positively associated with physical wellbeing, psychological wellbeing, total score HRQL, body height and body weight, and negatively correlated with BMI. Conversely, physical wellbeing showed positive correlation with the other subscales of KIDSCREEN (psychological wellbeing, autonomy and parents, peers and social support, and school environment), and total score of (Health-Related Quality of Life) HRQL. The results showed that better CRF would be beneficial for quality of life among Serbian adolescents, especially among girls. Moreover, the relationship between CRF and BMI shows that adolescents with regular values of BMI have better physical fitness and wellbeing.
Objectives
Despite the potential link between mental skills and athletic performance, little is done to examine handball players’ present level of mental skills concerning their performance. To begin ...with, the study has three folded aims; the first one is to examine the factor structure of Bull’s Mental Skills Questionnaire, which was developed in the United Kingdom to measure selected mental skill, of Serbian athlete population. The second aim is to determine gender differences in those mental skills, and the third aim is to determine differences between the playing positions in the mental skills of handball players to create a mental profile of Serbian handball players.
Materials and methods
The sample consisted of 170 handball players, aged 14 to 39, who have played handball at the semi-elite, competitive-elite, and successful-elite level. The modified exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the latent dimensions of the Bull’s Mental Skills Questionnaire. For examining gender differences in the manifestation of mental skills Mann–Whitney
U
test was used.
Results
Compared to the original structure of the questionnaire, which singles out seven factors of mental skills (imagery ability, mental preparation, self-confidence, anxiety and worry management, concentration ability, relaxation ability, and motivation), five factors were singled out in the sample of Serbian male and female handball players (anxiety and concentration management—α = 0.74; self-confidence—α = 0.75; relaxation ability—α = 0.66; mental preparation—α = 0.68, and imagery ability—α = 0.66). With these five subscales as dependent variables, results of the Mann–Whitney
U
test show that there are significant gender differences in variable anxiety and concentration management (
U
= 2893.5,
p
= 0.049) and relaxation ability (
U
= 2833.0,
p
= 0.031). Female handball players score higher on anxiety and concentration management and lower on relaxation ability. When playing positions are in question, results of Kruskal–Wallis‘s one-way analysis of variance, i.e., Mann–Whitney’s
post hoc
analysis, suggest that statistically significant differences were observed between wings and center backs and wings and goalkeepers in the imagery ability.
Conclusion
The Bull’s Mental Skills Questionnaire in Serbian sample of handball players show satisfactory psychometric characteristics but has singled out five factors of mental skills compared to the original questionnaire.
In youth sport, coach and teammates have a relevant role in an athlete’s development as a player. They can create a task or ego-involving motivational climate, and directly influence athlete’s ...affective, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes. The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of motivational climate created by coach and teammates on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs in sport of young female athletes. The sample consisted of 192 young Serbian female athletes from collective sports (handball, volleyball, and basketball) with an average age of 13.6 years. They filled out Peer Motivational Climate in Youth Sport Questionnaire – MCYSQ (Ntoumanis & Vazou, 2005), Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire – 2 – PMCSQ-2 (Newton, Duda & Yin, 2000), and the Basic Need Satisfaction in Sport Scale (BNSSS, Ng, Losdale, & Hodge, 2011). Results of regression analysis showed that motivational climate created by coach and teammates represent significant predictors of the basic psychological needs: need for relatedness (35.5% of variance), need for competence (21.9% of variance), and need for autonomy – choice (10.5% of variance). Perceived task-involving motivational climate created by coach and teammates singled out as statistically significant predictors of need for relatedness and competence, while task-involving motivational climate created by teammates singled out as significant predictor of need for autonomy. Athletes who perceive coach’s and teammate’s behavior as task-involving, will have more satisfied basic psychological needs. Understanding the factors that facilitate basic needs contribute to prevention of dropping out of sports in adolescence, and athlete’s motivation and achievement.
Starting from the Achievement Goal Theory, but also Bandura's theory of self-efficacy and Triadic Reciprocal Causation, this paper considered perceived motivational climate created by the coach and ...percieved physical self-efficacy as key predictors of young female athletes` satisfaction. The sample consisted from 117 young female athletes aged between 11 to 17 (M=13.62) from Serbia; who train volleyball (N=51), basketball (N=48) and handball (N=18) in different clubs. During 2017, respondents filled out questionnaires Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire - ASQ (Riemer, & Chelladurai, 1998) - subscale of satisfaction with personal performance and subscale of satisfaction with the level of athlete's skills utilization; Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 - PMCSQ-2 (Newton, Duda & Yin, 2000) - shortened version with three subscales: Task-oriented motivational climate, Unequal recognition and Punishment for mistakes; The Physical Self-Efficacy Scale (Ryckman et al., 1982) - subscale Perceived Physical Ability. Results of regression analysis show that Perceived motivational climate created by coach and Perceived Physical Ability represent significant predictors (F(4,107)= 31.78, p=.00) that explain 55% variance of female athletes satisfaction. Task-oriented motivational climate and Perceived physical ability stood out as significant individual predictors. Coach as well as physical self-perception of young female athletes are related with athlete's satisfaction. Satisfied athletes have greater results in sports, as well as the intention to continue doing sports. Significance of these results lies in the better understanding female athlete's satisfaction in Serbia, and contributes to creating prevention programs in order to help girls stay in sports.
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi koje su strategije kognitivne emocionalne regulacije najzastupljenije na uzroku adolescena-ta, na koji su način one povezane sa indikatorima mentalnog zdravlja ...adolescenata, te da li se veza između strategija kog-nitivne regulacije emocija i globalnog subjektivnog blagostanja ostvaruje direktno, ili preko pozitivnog i negativnog afektiviteta. Istraživanje je obavljeno na uzorku 206 učenika prosečnog uz-rasta 16 godina. Rezultati su pokazali da su kod adolescenata najzastupljenije strategije pozitivna reformulacija i stavljanje u perspektivu, koje su, zajedno sa planiranjem i pozitivnim refokusiranjem, povezane sa pozitivnim merama mentalnog zdravlja (globalnim subjektivnim blagostanjem adolescenata i pozitivnim afektivitetom). Ruminacija, katastrofiziranje, samookrivljavanje, i u manjoj meri prihvatanje, su povezane sa negativnim afektivitetom. Analizom medijacije izdvojile su se dve strategije kognitivne emocionalne regulacije koje značajno predviđaju subjektivno blagostanje: pozitivna preformulacijai samo-okrivljavanje. Utvrđeno je da se veza između pozitivne preformulacije i subjektivnog blagostanja ostvaruje delimično direktno, a delimično je posredovana pozitivnim afektivitetom kao medijatorom. Rezultati istraživanja takođe su pokazali da se veza između samookrivljavanja i globalnog subjektivnog blagostanja ostvaruje isključivo indirektno - preko negativnog afektiviteta kao medijatora. U svetlu dobijenih rezultata, formulisane su neke praktične implikacije za preventivni i in-terventni rad sa adolescentima u cilju povećanja subjektivnog blagostanja.
Although inflammation is primarily a protective response guarding the human body, it can result in a variety of chronic diseases such as allergies, auto-immune, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. ...In NF-κB-mediated inflammation, many small molecules and food compounds characterized as nutraceuticals have shown positive effects associated with immunomodulatory properties. We investigated the effects of selected bioactive small molecules, commonly found in food components, vanillyl alcohol (VA) and lauric acid (LA), on different cell lines exposed to pro-inflammatory stimuli, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the food allergen actinidin (Act d 1). Pro-inflammatory cytokines were downregulated in response to both VA and LA, and this downregulation was caused by a decrease in the activation of the NF-κB pathway and the translocation of p65, the pathway’s major component. Small nutraceutical molecules, VA and LA, showed not only inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, but also inhibition of the NF-κB activation, and reduced translocation of the p65 component. The present study may contribute to the therapeutic use of these molecules for various inflammatory diseases, which have in common an increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB-mediated inflammation.
Hydroxyapatite (HAP), a calcium-phosphate bioactive ceramic, is actively employed in medical and separation sciences. Although different classes of biomacromolecules interact with this material, ...interactions with proteins are the most important, since they directly affect the biocompatibility of the carrier and it's industrial application. In the presented work, we thoroughly investigate and elucidate the interaction mechanism between Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) upon it's immobilization on HAP, since this immobilized enzyme showed advanced catalytic properties in previous studies. Applying elution and protein modification strategies we concluded that Ca-chelation of HAP's C-site and CRL's –COOH groups is the most probable interacting mechanism. A proteomics approach revealed that this chelation is conserved throughout all CRL isoforms, while results of molecular modelling led us to propose the involvement of a specific region of the protein surface and side chains in interactions with HAP.
Given that anxiety is a significant individual disposition that affects sports performance, this study aimed to verify the latent variables obtained by the State – Trait Anxiety Inventory X-2, and to ...compare the obtained factor solutions with the proposed model of latent variables. The second aim refers to the presentation of the results of the questionnaire State – Trait Anxiety Inventory X-2 answered by Serbian male and female handball players. The research was conducted on a sample of 170 respondents, 99 male and 71 female handball players, aged 14 to 39 years (average age = 21.9) with an average handball playing career of 9.39 years. Towards the end of 2019, the respondents filled in the above-mentioned questionnaire used to assess anxiety as a personality trait. Exploratory factor analysis with certain modifications of the algorithm was applied to determine accurately latent space. The overall analysis was performed using the R statistical package. Four factors were selected based on the conducted factor analysis of the latent space of the questionnaire. Ten, five, three and two items are projected on the first, second, third and fourth factor respectively. Since internal reliability of the fourth factor was 0.394 it was excluded from further consideration and interpretation. The achieved scores on four separate factors show that Serbian male and female handball players achieve average results on the first (Presence of Trait anxiety) and the third factor (Absence of proactivity), while they achieve scores above the average on the second factor (Positive affect). In order to examine the sex differences between the examined variables, a one-way analysis of variance was performed. The findings show that there is no statistically significant difference on all three factors between the scores achieved by male and female handball players. A statistically significant difference between handball players of different competitive ranks appeared only on the Positive affect factor between the top athletes and the athletes in the second league (p = .04).
Uspostavljanje prijateljske dijade predstavlja razvojni zadatak dece i indikator je socijalne adaptacije koja ima relevantnu ulogu u celokupnom razvoju individue. S obzirom na to da je prijateljstvo, ...pre svega, socijalni odnos, ovo istraživanje se bavilo pitanjem da li postoje razlike u socijalnim karakteristikama dece sa i bez prijatelja na ranom osnovnoškolskom uzrastu. Kao relevantne varijable po kojima bi se razlikovala deca koja imaju prijatelja i deca koja nemaju prijatelja, uzete su prosocijalno ponašanje, socijalna prihvaćenost i socijalni uticaj koji ujedno predstavljaju indikatore socijalne adaptacije. Uzorak se sastojao od 101 deteta, koja su podeljena u dve grupe (deca koja imaju prijatelja = 54; deca koja nemaju prijatelja = 47). Razdvajanje dece u grupe koje imaju i koje nemaju prijatelja je izvršeno na osnovu sociometrijskog postupka. Pored sociometrijskog postupka, primenjena je i Skala procene prosocijalnog ponašanja ‒ forma za učiteljice. Rezultati pokazuju da postoji statistički značajna razlika između dve grupe dece po pitanju svih indikatora socijalne adaptacije. Rezultati ukazuju da deca koja imaju prijatelja ranije ispunjavaju razvojni zadatak formiranje prijateljske dijade i pokazuju viši stepen socijalne adaptacije.
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