The aim of our study was to determine the changes in the fatty acid composition of rabbit meat, if palm fat (99% of saturated fatty acids (SFA)), as a source of fat in rabbit diet, was replaced with ...linseed oil (71% of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), containing 52% of α-linolenic acid (n-3 PUFA)). The Ganoderma lucidum or olive leaves were added in the diet as potential antioxidant in order to protect the PUFA against oxidation. 48 SIKA rabbits were randomly divided by mass and gender in four groups: CONT- 6% palm fat, CONT+ 6% linseed oil, REISHI 6% linseed oil and 1% Ganoderma lucidum, OLIVE 6% linseed oil and 1% olive leaves. After 22 days of the experimental procedure, the samples of back muscle were taken and divided in 7 portions. One was for fatty acid determination, other six for malondialdehyde (MDA) determination after different storage condition; fresh, 6 days at 4°C or 3 months at -20°C, raw or cooked (60 minutes, 85°C). Addition of linseed oil resulted in a significant higher proportion of PUFA (n-3 PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and lower proportion of SFA in the back muscle, but the oxidative stability of meat was reduced, since the level of MDA was significantly higher. After cooking, the level of MDA increased in all the groups, but more in the groups with linseed oil in the diet, the addition of Ganoderma lucidum or olive leaves slightly decreased the level of MDA, but the difference was not significant.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) or Olea europaea (olive tree) leaves on oxidative stability of rabbit meat fortified with n-3 ...fatty acids. Forty-eight slovenska kunka (SIKA) rabbits were divided into four homogeneous groups. The control group (CONT−) received diet with 6% palm fat; other groups received diet with 6% linseed oil and were either unsupplemented (CONT+) or supplemented with 1% of G. lucidum (REISHI) or O. europaea leaves (OLIVE). Rabbits were slaughtered and fatty acid composition, concentration of vitamin E and malondialdehyde (MDA) in back muscle were analyzed. The results showed that linseed oil addition improved fatty acid composition by increasing polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) proportion, decreasing proportion of saturated fatty acid (SFA) and reducing n-6/n-3 ratio in rabbit meat. Groups that were supplemented with linseed oil had lower content of α-tocopherol and higher content of γ-tocopherol, compared to the CONT− group. The addition of potential antioxidants did not effectively prevent oxidation of rabbit meat.
•The fatty acid composition of rabbit's meat reflects the diet fatty acid composition.•High content of PUFA in meat causes higher susceptibility to lipid oxidation.•Ganoderma lucidum or Olea europaea leaves showed a trend in reducing oxidation.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different dietary fatty acids (saturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids) supplementation on the oxidative status and intestinal morphology ...of adult rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Twenty-four “slovenska kunka” rabbits were randomly assigned to two different dietary treatments (12 rabbits per treatment) and fed the experimental diets between 80 and 102 days of age. The palm fat (PALM) diet with 6% palm fat and linseed (LINSEED) diets with 6% linseed oil were used. To evaluate the oxidative status of rabbits, the malondialdehyde concentration in urine and plasma and concentration of water and lipid soluble antioxidants in plasma were measured. The antioxidative capacity of the gastrointestinal tract was evaluated by measuring concentration of water and lipid soluble antioxidants in tissues and contents of the intestine. The histological structure of the small intestine and caecum was analyzed via histomorphometric analysis. No significant differences were found in either of those parameters. In summary, rabbits were exposed to high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids with a high predisposition to oxidation, but their health and welfare were not endangered.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of natural antioxidant supplementation on the oxidative stress induced by a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in rabbit ...diets. Forty-eight SIKA rabbits (24 male, 24 female) were penned individually and after a 5-d adaptation period divided into 4 homogeneous groups (2.58±0.3 kg). The CONT– group received a diet with 60 g/kg palm fat, while the other 3 groups received a diet with 60 g/kg linseed oil which was either unsupplemented (CONT+) or supplemented with 10 g/kg of Ganoderma lucidum (REISHI) or 10 g/kg of olive leaves (OLIVE). Rabbits were euthanised at 102 d of age, 22 d after the start of the experiment. Live weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion rate were recorded. The fatty acid composition of back (M. longissimus dorsi) and hind leg muscle (thigh muscle), adipose tissue (abdominal fat) and liver were determined. To evaluate the oxidative status of rabbits, the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in the plasma, liver and both muscles was measured. DNA damage in the leukocytes was measured. Linseed oil addition increased the PUFA ratio and decreased the proportion of saturated fatty acids in all tissues (P<0.001), with no detrimental effect on productive performance of rabbits compared to palm fat. Linseed oil also reduced n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in all tissues (P<0.001). However, linseed oil addition increased the oxidative stress by increasing MDA concentrations in the liver and muscles (P<0.001), but did not affect the plasma MDA concentrations and the extent of DNA damage in the blood leukocytes compared to palm fat. Addition of olive leaves tended to decrease the concentration of MDA in the liver Addition of olive leaves tended to decrease the concentration of MDA in the liver compared to CONT+ (P=0.059), with no effect of Ganoderma lucidum.
The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of linseed oil supplementation on performance, fatty acid composition and oxidative status of rabbits. Twelve male SIKA rabbits were ...divided into two groups. The control group (n = 4) received commercial diet and the linseed group (n = 8) received commercial diet containing 9% of linseed oil, which was sprayed onto the pellet. R abbits were slaughtered at 115 days of age, 52 days after the start of the experiment. Live weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency were recorded. The fatty acid composition of muscle, adipose tissue and liver was determined by the in situ transesterification method and gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection (GC-FID). In order to evaluate the oxidative status of rabbits, the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in plasma, liver and muscle were measured. The results show that it is possible to enhance proportion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in rabbit's muscle, adipose tissue and liver by adding linseed oil in the diet without detrimental effect on productive performance. Linseed oil addition improved fatty acid composition in all tissues by increased PUF A proportion and decreased proportion of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid. Linseed oil also reduced n-6/n-3 PUF A ratio in all tissues. However, linseed oil addition led to significantly higher MD A concentrations in plasma, liver and muscle. Since PUF A are highly susceptible to oxidation, further research is needed to focus on protecting animal and their products from lipid oxidation by adding various natural antioxidants to the diet.
V poskusu smo preučevali vpliv dodatka lanenega olja v krmo na proizvodne lastnosti, maščobnokislinsko sestavo in oksidacijski status kuncev. D vanajst kuncev slovenske mesne linije SIKA smo razdelili v dve skupini. Kontrolna skupina (n = 4) je uživala standardno krmo, poskusna skupina (n = 8) pa standardno krmo z dodatkom 9 % lanenega olja, ki smo ga nanesli na pelete. Kunce smo zaklali pri starosti 115 dni, 52 dni po začetku poskusa. V času poskusa smo zapisovali maso živali, prirast, zauživanje in izkoristek krme. M aščobnokislinsko sestavo mišic, maščobnega tkiva in jeter smo določili z in situ transesterifikacijo in kapilarno plinsko kromatografijo. Za določitev oksidacijskega statusa kuncev smo izmerili koncentracijo malondialdehida (MDA) v plazmi, jetrih in mišici. R ezultati so pokazali, da lahko z dodatkom lanenega olja v krmo kuncev povečamo delež n-3 večkrat nenasičenih maščobnih kislin (VNMK) v mišici, maščobnem tkivu in jetrih brez negativnih učinkov na proizvodne lastnosti. D odatek lanenega olja je izboljšal maščobnokislinsko sestavo s povečanjem deleža VNMK in zmanjšanjem deleža nasičenih in enkrat nenasičenih maščobnih kislin, kar je znižalo tudi razmerje n-6/n-3 VNM K v vseh tkivih. D odatek lanenega olja je značilno povečal koncentracijo MD A v plazmi, jetrih in mišici. Ker so VNM K zelo podvržene oksidaciji, so potrebne nadaljnje raziskave, v katerih se bo potrebno osredotočiti na zaščito živali in njihovih produktov pred lipidno oksidacijo z dodajanjem različnih naravnih antioksidantov v krmo.
The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of linseed oil supplementation on performance, fatty acid composition and oxidative status of rabbits. Twelve male SIKA rabbits were ...divided into two groups. The control group (n = 4) received commercial diet and the linseed group (n = 8) received commercial diet containing 9% of linseed oil, which was sprayed onto the pellet. Rabbits were slaughtered at 115 days of age, 52 days after the start of the experiment. Live weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency were recorded. The fatty acid composition of muscle, adipose tissue and liver was determined by the in situ transesterification method and gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection (GC-FID). In order to evaluate the oxidative status of rabbits, the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in plasma, liver and muscle were measured. The results show that it is possible to enhance proportion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in rabbit’s muscle, adipose tissue and liver by adding linseed oil in the diet without detrimental effect on productive performance. Linseed oil addition improved fatty acid composition in all tissues by increased PUFA proportion and decreased proportion of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid. Linseed oil also reduced n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in all tissues. However, linseed oil addition led to significantly higher MDA concentrations in plasma, liver and muscle. Since PUFA are highly susceptible to oxidation, further research is needed to focus on protecting animal and their products from lipid oxidation by adding various natural antioxidants to the diet.
Debelost in naraščanje indeksa telesne mase (ITM) predstavljata v današnjem času velik zdravstveni problem pri ljudeh, prekomerna zamaščenost pa je prav tako nezaželena pri reji domačih živali, saj ...poslabšuje gospodarnost prireje. V naši raziskavi smo preučevali vpliv debelosti laboratorijskih miši na navidezno prebavljivost surovih beljakovin in surovih maščob zaužite krme. V dveh prebavljivostnih poskusih smo uporabili dve selekcijski liniji miši, linijo F (višji odstotek telesnega maščevja) in L (nižji odstotek telesnega maščevja). V prvem poskusu smo uporabili 21 samcev obeh linij (11 linije F in 10 linije L), starih od 9,0 do 18,6 tednov, v drugem pa 23 samcev (11 linije F in 12 linije L), starih od 9,6 do 11,0 tednov. V času poskusa (5 zaporednih dni) smo živali dnevno tehtali, merili količino zaužite krme in zbirali blato. Po postopkih weendske analize smo v vzorcih določili vsebnost surovih beljakovin in surovih maščob v krmi in blatu. Rezultati so pokazali, da med linijama F in L obstajajo statistično značilne razlike v navidezni prebavljivosti surovih beljakovin in surovih maščob. Pri zauživanju krme ni bilo statistično značilnih razlik med linijama, so se pa pokazale statistično značilne razlike pri zaužiti krmi na g telesne mase. Linija L je bolje prebavila tako surove beljakovine (79,6 %), kot tudi surove maščobe (91,8 %), v primerjavi z linijo F, pri kateri je bila navidezna prebavljivost v povprečju 77,1 % oziroma 87,0 % za surove beljakovine in surove maščobe. Glede na dobljene rezultate sklepamo, da z razlikami v navidezni prebavljivosti beljakovin in maščob krme ne moremo razložiti velikih fenotipskih razlik med linijama.
Progressive nephropathy is one of the main features of Fabry disease, which largely contributes to the overall morbidity and mortality burden of the disease. Due to the lack of specific biomarkers, ...the heterogeneity of the disease, and unspecific symptoms, diagnosis is often delayed. Clinical presentation in individual patients varies widely, even in patients from the same family carrying the same pathogenic
variant. Therefore, it is reasonable to anticipate that additional genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomics factors influence the manifestation and progression of the disease. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of nephropathy in Fabry patients and the biomarkers currently used in the diagnosis and follow-up. Current biomarkers are associated with late signs of kidney damage. Therefore, there is a need to identify biomarkers associated with early stages of kidney damage that would enable early diagnosis, which is crucial for effective treatment and prevention of severe irreversible complications. Recent advances in sequencing and -omics technologies have led to several studies investigating new biomarkers. We will provide an overview of the novel biomarkers, critically evaluate their clinical utility, and propose future perspectives, which we believe might be in their integration.
Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is an independent risk factor for future coronary events. Variants rs10455872 and rs3798220 in the gene encoding Lp(a) are associated with an increased Lp(a) concentration and ...risk of coronary artery disease. We aimed to determine whether in high-risk coronary artery disease patients these two genetic variants and the kringle IV type 2 (KIV-2) repeats are associated with impairment of inflammatory and hemostatic parameters. Patients after myocardial infarction with elevated Lp(a) levels were included. Blood samples underwent biochemical and genetic analyses. In carriers of the AC haplotype, the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (4.46 vs. 3.91 ng/L,
= 0.046) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (
= 0.026) were significantly higher compared to non-carriers. The number of KIV-2 repeats was significantly associated with the concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (ρ = 0.251,
= 0.038) and overall fibrinolytic potential (r = -0.253,
= 0.038). In our patients, a direct association between the AC haplotype and both TNF-α and PAI-1 levels was observed. Our study shows that the number of KIV-2 repeats not only affects proatherosclerotic and proinflammatory effects of Lp(a) but is also associated with its antifibrinolytic properties.
Telomeres are dynamic DNA nucleoprotein structures located at the end of chromosomes where they maintain genomic stability. Due to the end replication problem, telomeres shorten with each cell ...division. Critically short telomeres trigger cellular senescence, which contributes to various degenerative and age-related diseases, including chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Additionally, other factors such as oxidative stress may also contribute to accelerated telomere shortening. Indeed, telomeres are highly susceptible to oxidative damage due to their high guanine content. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of studies examining telomere length (TL) in CKDs to highlight the association between TL and the development and progression of CKDs in humans. We then focus on studies investigating TL in patients receiving kidney replacement therapy. The mechanisms of the relationship between TL and CKD are not fully understood, but a shorter TL has been associated with decreased kidney function and the progression of nephropathy. Interestingly, telomere lengthening has been observed in some patients in longitudinal studies. Hemodialysis has been shown to accelerate telomere erosion, whereas the uremic milieu is not reversed even in kidney transplantation patients. Overall, this review aims to provide insights into the biological significance of telomere attrition in the pathophysiology of kidney disease, which may contribute to the development of new strategies for the management of patients with CKDs.
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