Tying is usually defined as the dominant company selling one product since the buyer must also purchase a different product or agree not to purchase the bonded product from other suppliers. This ...paper analyzes requirements imposed by the reported business actor on other parties deemed to have violated the tying and bundling under competition law in Indonesia, the U.S., and the European Union. Also, it discusses the application of the Rule of Reason by the competition commission in these three region. This study uses a comparative law approach. The results of the analysis show that a tying agreement is an agreement that requires the recipient of the supply to buy other products that are not necessarily needed. Usually, these agreements are entered into by two affiliated companies or at least cooperating partners, one of which occupies a dominant position to prevent competitors from entering the relevant market. Not all tying agreements have a negative impact. Therefore, an impact analysis is needed through a rule of reason approach, especially in digital-based industries.
Drinking water is water that has been processed to meet health standard regulations. However, some water can be consumed directly without several processes if it meets health safety requirements. ...This research aims to ensure the safety, health, and hygiene of unbranded refilled drinking water by looking at the quality of the drinking water content following SNI (Indonesian National Standard) standards and providing recommendations to the government to protect consumers of unbranded drinking water. This research applied qualitative methods through data collection techniques Focus Group Discussion (FGD), literature studies, and field observations in Semarang and Balikpapan. This study found that some refilled drinking water depots violated applicable safety regulations. However, no legal sanctions were applied for the business actors who violated it, and no regional regulations or Mayer Regulations regulate the unbranded refilled drinking water. Therefore, efforts need to be made to foster actors, educate consumers to be smart in choosing drinking water, and the establishment of implementing regulations from the Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 492 of 2010 in supervising business actors from this research is expected to be an effort to increase consumer protection in Indonesia.
The existence of a consumer protection law and the ratification of the CRPD by the Indonesian government is expected to guarantee the safety and comfort of consumers, including persons with ...disabilities. Therefore, the problem of comparative regulation and institutional, as well as the supervision of the implementation of public services for persons with disabilities, is raised in Indonesia and Australia. Australia was chosen as a comparison because this country already has a comprehensive protection system for persons with disabilities and is fully committed to providing public service facilities. This research is a prescriptive normative research using secondary data consisting of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. This study concludes that similar to Indonesia, the formation of regulations and policies in Australia in the public service sector for persons with disabilities has reached a technical level and is carried out in a coordinated manner between the center and the regions. The basic difference is that the institutional system that handles the planning, implementation, and supervision of public services for persons with disabilities in Indonesia is separated into various ministries and/or agencies so that it requires strengthening synergies at the central and regional levels so that the implementation of public services is guaranteed optimally.
The existence of a consumer protection law and the ratification of the CRPD by the Indonesian government is expected to guarantee the safety and comfort of consumers, including persons with ...disabilities. Therefore, the problem of comparative regulation and institutional, as well as the supervision of the implementation of public services for persons with disabilities, is raised in Indonesia and Australia. Australia was chosen as a comparison because this country already has a comprehensive protection system for persons with disabilities and is fully committed to providing public service facilities. This research is a prescriptive normative research using secondary data consisting of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. This study concludes that similar to Indonesia, the formation of regulations and policies in Australia in the public service sector for persons with disabilities has reached a technical level and is carried out in a coordinated manner between the center and the regions. The basic difference is that the institutional system that handles the planning, implementation, and supervision of public services for persons with disabilities in Indonesia is separated into various ministries and/or agencies so that it requires strengthening synergies at the central and regional levels so that the implementation of public services is guaranteed optimally.
The increasingly widespread Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on the disruption of health services in hospitals, including patients who intend to consult or treat other diseases as most of the ...hospitals are used to treat Covid-19 patients. This situation encourages a group of health service providers to use telemedicine as an alternative for the community to continue receiving health services from medical personnel without having to go to the hospital. This study focuses more on the information services and medical consultations offered by service providers, hence it is necessary to know how the legal protection of patients in telemedicine services is being implemented and their challenges. This paper is a prescriptive normative research using secondary data in the form of regulations and policies as well as interviews with several sources in related fields. Regulations and policies by the government are still temporary (fluctuating) and have not comprehensively regulated transactions for telemedicine services, for example, when an incident occurs that results in patient loss, a strong legal basis is needed to restore patient rights so that in the end a legal certainty is created for the society.
Keywords: legal protection, patients, telemedicine
From the Competition Law perspective, the basic principles of procurement among others are transparency, non-discrimination and efficiency. For that purpose some regulations were established such as ...Law No. 5 of 1999 and Presidential Regulation regarding bid rigging prohibition. However, still there is a ministerial regulation regarding the synergy of State-Owned Enterprises that contravene with fair competition principles that enable to appoint a subsidiary of a State-Owned Enterprises directly without bidding. Such practice is violation to Article 22 and Article 19 d of Law No. 5 Year 1999 concerning Prohibitionof Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition. Prinsip dasar sistem pengadaan barang/jasa dari perspektif Hukum Persaingan Usaha diantaranya transparansi, non diskriminasi, dan efisiensi. Untuk itu, dibentuk beberapa regulasi berupa undang-undang dan peraturan perundang-undangan seperti UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 dan Peraturan Presiden yang melarang persekongkolan tender. Namun demikian, terdapat peraturan yang bertentangan dengan prinsip persaingan yakni Peraturan Menteri tentang Sinergi BUMN, yang memberi peluang dilakukannyapenunjukan langsung kepada anak perusahaannya, untuk melaksanakan proyek pengadaan barang/jasa. Hal ini merupakan pengingkaran terhadap prinsip-prinsip persaingan usaha yang sehat, khususnya Pasal22 dan Pasal 19 huruf d UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktik Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat.
Indonesia is one of the countries that has a cigarette community, it becomes a problem when the packaging on cigarettes does not provide accurate information, this certainly blames consumer ...protection. This study aims to delineate consumer protection measures regarding tobacco cigarette circulation without providing accurate information. Conducted in a normative framework. The findings suggest that legal protection for cigarette consumers who receive unclear or inaccurate information on cigarette product packaging can encompass preventive and repressive legal measures. Preventive measures are outlined in PP No. 109 of 2012 and PERMENKES No. 28 of 2013, specifically in Article 4 sub-articles c and i. Conversely, repressive measures enable individuals to file complaints with the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency (known as BPSK) or initiate lawsuits. Furthermore, the responsibility of business actors to provide accurate information is underscored by Decision Number 32/Pid.B/2021/Pt. Pbr. This responsibility extends not only to distributors but also to cigarette manufacturers, such as PT. Leadon International, found in violation of various regulations, including Article 8 paragraph (1) sub-paragraphs a I, and j of the Godrej Consumer Products Limited (GCPL), in conjunction with Article 14 of Government Regulation Number 109 of 2012, and Article 10 paragraph (2) sub-paragraph a and paragraph (3) of PERMENKES No.28 of 2013. Sanctions for producers should adhere to Article 19, in conjunction with Article 62 paragraph (1) of the GCPL. At the same time, distributors face reprimands for product withdrawals as stipulated in Article 60 paragraph (3) of PP No. 109 of 2012.
Sepanjang tahun 2021, Badan Perlindungan Konsumen Nasional (BPKN) telah menerima 2.113 pengaduan dari sektor jasa keuangan dan 427 dari sektor retail yang mana permasalahan terkait klausula ...eksonerasi adalah salah satu masalah yang sering diadukan oleh konsumen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap perilaku terkait klausula eksonerasi, dan mengeksplorasi peran Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK) dalam pengawasan klausula eksonerasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran sekuensial yang mengombinasikan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Survei dilakukan terhadap 170 responden yang dipilih secara sukarela. Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku terkait klausula eksonerasi masih kurang. Hanya pengetahuan yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap sikap konsumen. Kemudian, hasil wawancara mendalam menyimpulkan bahwa peran BPSK masih belum efektif dan cenderung pasif dalam mengawasi pencantuman klausula eksonerasi. Hal ini disebabkan belum adanya petunjuk teknis dan petunjuk pelaksanaan yang jelas terkait pelaksanaan pengawasan pencantuman klausula eksonerasi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan satu lembaga khusus dengan wewenang memeriksa, memvalidasi, dan mensertifikasi klausula baku sebelum diberlakukan kepada konsumen.
The rapid development of the business world has resulted in several changes to business actors in carrying out their business activities. This encourages the emergence of standard agreements as ...practicality in conducting transactions. This study aims to analyze consumer protection law and apply the principles of freedom of contract in standard agreements in online and retail financial services businesses—the descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques using in-depth interviews and documentation studies. Informants were selected by purposive sampling. The results show that standard clauses have been regulated in Article 18 of the Consumer Protection Law. However, in practice, clauses are still found that violate and transfer responsibility to the detriment of consumers. Furthermore, regarding consumer dispute resolution, there is an overlap issue between the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (BPSK). Therefore, if viewed from the principle of freedom of contract, the standard agreement cannot fulfill the principle of freedom of contract, and consumer protection, so especially in the financial services sector and retail, needs to increase preventive and repressive supervision by providing several alternatives dispute resolutions for disadvantaged consumers.
The Indonesian business competition supervisory agency, KPPU, issued KPPU Regulation No. 3/2019 which regulates the control system for merger, consolidation, and acquisition of company shares (P3S). ...This regulation was established to address the development of supervisory issues, including the expansion of the term expropriation, which includes the takeover of assets. Although it is not explicitly regulated in Law no. 5/1999 and PP No. 57/2010, the facts on the ground show that the enactment of the KPPU Regulation has been complied with by business actors within a period of more than a year since its stipulation. This article presents two research issues regarding the reasons behind KPPU's issuance of the regulation, and the legal implications of the enactment of new regulations for business actors and practitioners. This article is the result of normative research supported by secondary data in the form of legal regulations in the field of competition, comparisons with several countries, examples of the takeover of Uber assets by Grab, and also using interviews with two KPPU sources. The data was then analyzed qualitatively and concluded by using a deductive method. The conclusion drawn is that the purpose of KPPU in drafting the regulation is to prevent monopolistic practices and unfair business competition, by conducting benchmarking which results in the finding that the takeover of assets can also potentially give a chance to a concentrated market and anti-competitive behavior. The formation of the regulation also has juridical and sociological implications, namely fulfilling the legal aspect and being obeyed by business actors by notifying the takeover of shares and assets.Bahasa Indonesia Abstrak: Lembaga pengawas persaingan, KPPU, menerbitkan Perkom No. 3/2019 yang mengatur tentang sistem pengendalian atas penggabungan, peleburan dan pengambilalihan saham perusahaan (P3S). Peraturan ini dibentuk untuk menjawab perkembangan isu pengawasan, antara lain perluasan istilah pengambilalihan, yang meliputi pula pengambilalihan aset. Meskipun tidak diatur secara eksplisit dalam UU No. 5/1999 maupun PP No. 57/2010, fakta di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa pengundangan Peraturan KPPU tersebut telah dipatuhi oleh pelaku usaha dalam kurun waktu lebih dari setahun sejak ditetapkannya. Artikel ini mengemukakan dua masalah penelitian tentang hal-hal yang melatarbelakangi KPPU menerbitkan peraturan tersebut, dan implikasi hukum pemberlakukan peraturan baru terhadap pelaku usaha maupun praktisi. Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian normatif yang didukung data sekunder berupa peraturan hukum di bidang persaingan, perbandingan dengan beberapa negara, contoh pengambilalihan aset Uber oleh Grab, dan juga menggunakan wawancara dengan dua narasumber KPPU. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif dan menyimpulkannya dengan metode deduktif. Kesimpulan yang dihasilkan adalah bahwa maksud KPPU menyusun peraturan tersebut adalah melakukan pencegahan terjadinya praktik monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehat, dengan melakukan benchmarking yang menghasilkan temuan, bahwa pengambilalihan aset juga dapat berpotensi melahirkan pasar yang terkonsentrasi dan perilaku antipersaingan. Pembentukan peraturan tersebut juga berimplikasi secara yuridis maupun sosiologis, yakni memenuhi aspek legalitas dan dipatuhi pelaku usaha dengan melakukan notifikasi pengambilalihan saham maupun aset.
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