Highlights • Seven Amerindian groups and two Mestizo (admixed) populations from Mexico were studied. • Allele frequencies and forensic parameters of the ArgusX-12 kit were estimated. • Hardy-Weinberg ...equilibrium was observed in practically all loci/populations. • Genetic relationships and population structure was evaluated. • Historical records and X-linked inheritance pattern support the observed population structure.
We present deep color profiles for a sample of 415 disk galaxies within the redshift range 0.1 < z less than or equal to 1.1, and contained in HST ACS imaging of the GOODS-South field. For each ...galaxy, passband combinations are chosen to obtain, at each redshift, the best possible approximation to the rest-frame u - g color. We find that objects which show a truncation in their stellar disk (type II objects) usually show a minimum in their color profile at the break, or very near to it, with a maximum to minimum amplitude in color of unsupported character0.2 mag arcsec super(-2), a feature which is persistent through the explored range of redshifts (i.e., in the last similar to 8 Gyr). This color structure is in qualitative agreement with recent model expectations where the break of the surface brightness profiles is the result of the interplay between a radial star formation cutoff and a redistribution of stellar mass by secular processes.
We present the results of a study on the properties and evolution of massive (M sub(*) > 10 super(11) M sub(odot)) galaxies at z similar to 0.4-2 utilizing Keck spectroscopy, near-infrared Palomar ...imaging, and Hubble, Chandra and Spitzer data covering fields targeted by the DEEP2 galaxy spectroscopic survey. Our sample is K-band selected and stellar mass limited, based on wide-area near-infrared imaging from the Palomar Observatory Wide-Field Infrared Survey, which covers 1.53 deg super(2) to a 5 sigma depth of K sub(s,vega) similar to 20.5. Our primary goal is to obtain a broad census of massive galaxies through measuring how their number and mass densities, morphology, as well as their star formation and active galactic nucleus content evolve from z similar to 0.4-2. Our major findings include: (i) statistically the mass and number densities of M sub(*) > 10 super(11) M sub(odot) galaxies show little evolution between z= 0 and 1 and from z similar to 0 to 2 for M sub(*) > 10 super(11.5) M sub(odot) galaxies. We however find significant evolution within 1 < z < 1.5 for 10 super(11) M sub(odot) < M sub(*) < 10 super(11.5) M sub(odot) galaxies. (ii) After examining the structures of our galaxies using Hubble ACS imaging, we find that M sub(*) > 10 super(11) M sub(odot) selected galaxies show a nearly constant elliptical fraction of similar to 70-90 per cent at all redshifts. The remaining objects tend to be peculiars possibly undergoing mergers at z > 0.8, while spirals dominate the remainder at lower redshifts. A significant fraction ( similar to 25 per cent) of these early-types contain minor structural anomalies. (iii) We find that only a fraction ( similar to 60 per cent) of massive galaxies with M sub(*) > 10 super(11) M sub(odot) are on the red sequence at z similar to 1.4, while nearly 100 per cent evolve on to it by z similar to 0.4. (iv) By utilizing Spitzer MIPS imaging and lsqbO iirsqb line fluxes we argue that M sub(*) > 10 super(11.5) M sub(odot) galaxies have a steeply declining star formation rate (SFR) density similar to (1 +z) super(6). By examining the contribution of star formation to the evolution of the mass function, as well as the merger history through the CAS parameters, we determine that M sub(*) > 10 super(11) M sub(odot) galaxies undergo on average 0.9 super(+0.7) sub(-0.5) major mergers at 0.4 < z < 1.4. (v) We find that a high (5 per cent) fraction of all M sub(*) > 10 super(11) M sub(odot) galaxies are X-ray emitters. Roughly half of these are morphologically distorted ellipticals or peculiars. Finally, we compare our mass growth with semi-analytical models from the Millennium Simulation, finding relative good agreement at z < 2 for the M sub(*) < 10 super(11.5) M sub(odot) systems, but that the number and mass densities of M sub(*) > 10 super(11.5) M sub(odot) galaxies are underpredicted by a factor of >100.
We have conducted the largest systematic search so far for stellar disk truncations in disklike galaxies at intermediate redshift, using the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey-South (GOODS-S) ...data from the Hubble Space Telescope ACS. Focusing on type II galaxies (i.e., downbending profiles), we explore whether the position of the break in the rest-frame B-band radial surface brightness profile (a direct estimator of the extent of the disk where most of the massive star formation is taking place) evolves with time. The number of galaxies under analysis (238 of a total of 505) is an order of magnitude larger than in previous studies. For the first time, we probe the evolution of the break radius for a given stellar mass (a parameter well suited to address evolutionary studies). Our results suggest that, for a given stellar mass, the radial position of the break has increased with cosmic time by a factor of image between image and image0. This is in agreement with a moderate inside-out growth of the disk galaxies in the last image8 Gyr. In the same period of time, the surface brightness level in the rest-frame B band at which the break takes place has increased by image mag arcsec super(-2) (a decrease in brightness by a factor of image). We have explored the distribution of the scale lengths of the disks in the region inside the break and how this parameter relates to the break radius. We also present results of the statistical analysis of profiles of artificial galaxies, to assess the reliability of our results.
We present the details and early results from a deep near-infrared survey utilizing the NICMOS instrument on the Hubble Space Telescope centred around massive M
* > 1011 M⊙ galaxies at 1.7 < z < 2.9 ...found within the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS) fields North and South. The GOODS NICMOS Survey (GNS) was designed to obtain deep F160W (H-band) imaging of 80 of these massive galaxies and other colour-selected objects such as Lyman-break dropouts, BzK objects, distant red galaxies (DRGs), extremely red objects (EROs), Spitzer-selected EROs, BX/BM galaxies, as well as flux-selected submillimetre galaxies. We present in this paper details of the observations, our sample selection, as well as a description of the properties of the massive galaxies found within our survey fields. This includes photometric redshifts, rest-frame colours and stellar masses. We furthermore provide an analysis of the selection methods for finding massive galaxies at high redshifts, including colour-selection methods and how galaxy populations selected through these colour methods overlap. We find that a single colour selection method cannot locate all of the massive galaxies, with no one method finding more than 70 per cent. We however find that the combination of these colour methods finds nearly all of the massive galaxies that would have been identified in a photometric redshift sample, with the exception of apparently rare blue massive galaxies. By investigating the rest-frame (U−B) versus MB
diagram for these galaxies, we furthermore show that there exists a bimodality in colour-magnitude space at z < 2, driven by stellar mass, such that the most massive galaxies are systematically red up to z∼ 2.5, while lower mass galaxies tend to be blue. We also discuss the number densities for galaxies with stellar masses M
* > 1011 M⊙, whereby we find an increase of a factor of 8 between z= 3 and 1.5, demonstrating that this is an epoch when massive galaxies establish most of their stellar mass. We also provide an overview of the evolutionary properties of these galaxies, such as their merger histories, and size evolution.
Latin America has tripled production by aquaculture up to 78 million tonnes in the past 20 years. However, one of the problems that aquaculture is facing is the presence of helminth parasites and the ...diseases caused by them in the region. In this review we have collected all the available information on helminths affecting commercial aquaculture in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), emphasizing those causing serious economic losses. Monogeneans are by far the most common and aggressive parasites affecting farmed fish in LAC. They have been recognized as serious pathogens in intensive fish culture because they reach high levels of infection rapidly, and can infect other phylogenetically related fish species. The next most important group comprises the larval stages of digeneans (metacercariae) such as Diplostomum sp. and Centrocestus formosanus, which cause serious damage to farmed fish. Since LAC aquaculture has been based mainly on exotic species (tilapia, salmon, trout and carp), most of their parasites have been brought into the region together with the fish for aquaculture. Recently, one of us (A.I.P.-T.) has suggested that monogeneans, which have generally been considered to be harmless, can produce serious effects on the growth of cultured Nile tilapia. Therefore, the introduction of fish together with their 'harmless' parasites into new sites, regions or countries in LAC should be considered a breakdown of biosecurity in those countries involved. Therefore, the application of quarantine procedures and preventive therapeutic treatments should be considered before allowing these introductions into a country.
Periodontal disease is more prevalent and more severe among men and women suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared with healthy adults. The objectives of this paper were ...to assess the association between periodontal disease and COPD, controlling the effect of sociodemographic characteristics, oral health status, lifestyle variables, and comorbidities. Second, we identified which of the variables analyzed were independently associated with periodontal disease among COPD sufferers.
This descriptive study was done with data from the National/European Health Interview Surveys, conducted in years 2006, 2011/12, and 2014 in Spain. We included subjects ≥40 years of age. COPD status was self-reported. One non-COPD patient was matched by age, gender, and the year of survey for each COPD case. The presence of periodontal disease was defined using the answers "my teeth bleed spontaneously or while brushing" or/and "my teeth move" to the question: "Do you suffer of any of these dental and oral disorders or diseases?" Independent variables included demographic, socioeconomic, and health care-related variables, oral health status, and presence of comorbidities.
The prevalence of periodontal disease was higher among COPD patients than their matched non-COPD controls (26.5% vs 22.2%;
<0.001). Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of periodontal disease for subjects with COPD was 1.21 (95% CI: 1.12-1.30). Suffering mental disorders (AOR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.32-1.97) was positively associated with higher risk of periodontal disease. Older age, having a private dental health insurance, and university education were variables associated with lower rates of periodontal disease.
Prevalence of periodontal disease was higher among those with COPD compared to non-COPD controls. Dentists and physicians should increase their awareness with their COPD patients, especially those who are younger, with lower education, and suffer depression and/or anxiety.
Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome that is characterized by lacey reticular hyperpigmentation of the skin, dystrophic nails, mucous membrane leukoplakia and ...pancytopenia. Diagnosis may be delayed until clinical signs are apparent. Severe pancytopenia frequently causes early mortality of DC patients, who have an increased risk of developing oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Several case reports have described oral changes in DC, which include oral leukoplakia, increased dental caries, hypodontia, thin enamel structure, aggressive periodontitis, intraoral brown pigmentation, tooth loss, taurodontism and blunted roots. We determined the prevalence of these previously reported findings in a cohort of 17 patients with DC and 23 family members. The most common oral changes in DC patients were oral leukoplakia (65% of the entire DC population), decreased root/crown ratio (75% with sufficient tooth development) and mild taurodontism (57% with sufficient tooth development). From the clinical perspective, a diagnosis of DC or other inherited bone marrow failure syndrome should be considered in young persons with oral leukoplakia, particularly those with no history of smoking. Multiple permanent teeth with decreased root/crown ratios further suggest DC.
Highlights • We describe the hospitalizations in patients with type 2 diabetes in Spain during 2011. • Cardiovascular disease accounted for the majority of admissions. • Cardiovascular disease had a ...higher prevalence in the female population just like in the United States. • Cerebrovascular disease had the highest values of length of stay and in-hospital mortality.
In this paper, we have investigated the fractional Caputo derivative of a composition function. The obtained results were applied to investigate the fractional Euler–Lagrange and Hamilton equations ...for constrained systems. The approach was applied within an illustrative.
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