This study sought to evaluate the effects of irradiating pig seminal doses with red LED light irradiation on their quality and longevity over liquid-storage at 17 °C. For this purpose, boar ...ejaculates were diluted in a commercial extender at a final concentration of 3 × 107 sperm/mL and stored at 17 °C for 96 h. Upon arrival to our laboratory (5–6 h within collection), 1.5 mL-aliquots were subjected to irradiation with a temperature-controlled red light-emitting diode (LED) for 1 min, 5 min or 10 min. Controls consisted of non-irradiated spermatozoa. Aliquots were then stored at 17 °C for 96 h, and plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, motility and free cysteine radicals of sperm head proteins were evaluated every 24 h. In addition, the sperm resilience to withstand thermal stress following irradiation was evaluated at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h by incubating stored seminal doses at 37 °C for 120 min. In our experimental conditions, light-stimulation for 5 min and 10 min counteracted the decrease in thermal stress observed in non-irradiated samples during the first 48 h of storage. Moreover, all irradiation protocols counteracted the decrease in percentages of spermatozoa with altered acrosomes observed in non-irradiated samples after 72 h of storage. The effects of light-stimulation upon sperm motility parameters were less consistent. While liquid-storage also led to an increase in the free cysteine levels of sperm head proteins, this increment was partially mitigated through light-stimulation for 5 min and 10 min. Our results suggest that effects linked with red LED light irradiation would be consistently maintained in our experimental conditions for the first 48 h. Finally, the maintenance of light effect appears to depend upon the specific experimental design, the analyzed sperm parameters and the utilized irradiation patterns.
•Red LED stimulation.•Boar sperm.•Refrigerated storage.
Rabies is an incurable and fatal progressive viral encephalomyelitis that causes approximately 61,000 deaths a year globally mainly by dog bites, which show the importance of anti-rabies vaccination ...in dogs to achieve elimination of the disease. In Colombia, multiple cases of human rabies transmitted by dogs and cats have been reported since 1999, showing an increased significance of cats in the transmission of rabies, mainly in rabies of wild origin. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the development of neutralizing antibodies in dogs and cats during the mass vaccination campaign of the second half of 2015 in the city of Bucaramanga. For this purpose, a descriptive cross-sectional study with convenience sampling was conducted in 382 dogs and cats (295 dogs, 87 cats), and an evaluation of the humoral immune response of the animals was performed by quantitative ELISA. The prevalence of optimal neutralizing antibodies (>0.5 IU/ml) was only 32.76% (95% CI=28.05-37.46%) in the entire population studied and most of the animals did not have an adequate response to the vaccination, or seroconversion was not detected on them (65.45-95% confidence interval, CI=60.68-70.21%). Significant difference was found between the neutralizing antibody titers in cats and dogs, with a higher neutralizing response in cats. In conclusion, although mass vaccination campaigns for dogs and cats are the most important measure to interrupt virus circulation among the animals, achievement of a good neutralizing immune response in the animals is useful to demonstrate that vaccination has been successful, allowing the maintenance of the required minimum levels of population immunity. These results will allow the implementation of corrective measures in Bucaramanga to achieve better seroconversion rates. Other cities are expected to implement similar seroconversion assessments to verify the quality of effective anti-rabies vaccination in animal populations.
RESUMO: A raiva é uma encefalomielite viral progressiva incurável e fatal que causa aproximadamente 61.000 mortes por ano no mundo, principalmente por mordidas de cães, que mostram a importância da vacinação anti-rábica em cães para conseguir a eliminação da doença. Na Colômbia, vários casos de raiva humana transmitida por cães e gatos foram relatados desde 1999, mostrando um aumento na importância de gatos na transmissão da raiva, principalmente em raiva de origem selvagem. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de anticorpos neutralizantes em cães e gatos durante a campanha de vacinação em massa do segundo semestre de 2015 na cidade de Bucaramanga. Para este propósito, um estudo descritivo transversal com amostragem de conveniência foi realizado em 382 cães e gatos (295 cães, 87 gatos), e uma avaliação da resposta imune humoral dos animais foi realizada por ELISA quantitativo. A prevalência de anticorpos neutralizantes ótimos (>0,5 UI/ml) foi de apenas 32,76% (IC 95% = 28,05-37,46%) em toda a população estudada e a maioria dos animais não teve resposta adequada à vacinação, ou a soroconversão foi não detectado neles (65,45-95% intervalo de confiança IC = 60,68-70,21%). Diferença significativa foi encontrada entre os títulos de anticorpos neutralizantes em gatos e cães, com uma maior resposta neutralizante em gatos. Em conclusão, embora as campanhas de vacinação em massa para cães e gatos sejam a medida mais importante para interromper a circulação do vírus entre os animais, a obtenção de uma boa resposta imunológica neutralizante nos animais é útil para demonstrar que a vacinação foi bem sucedida, permitindo a manutenção necessária dos níveis mínimos de imunidade da população. Esses resultados permitirão que a implementação de medidas corretivas em Bucaramanga alcance melhores taxas de soroconversão. Outras cidades devem implementar avaliações similares de soroconversão para verificar a qualidade da vacinação anti-rábica efetiva em populações animais.
This work aimed to investigate how stimulation of donkey sperm with red LED light affects mitochondrial function. For this purpose, freshly diluted donkey semen was stimulated with red light for 1, ...5, and 10 min, in the presence or absence of oligomycin A (Omy A), a specific inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP synthase, or FCCP, a specific disruptor of mitochondrial electron chain. The results obtained in the present study indicated that the effects of red LED light on fresh donkey sperm function are related to changes in mitochondria function. In effect, irradiation of donkey sperm resulted in an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), the activity of cytochrome C oxidase and the rate of oxygen consumption. In addition, in the absence of oligomycin A and FCCP, light-stimulation augmented the average path velocity (VAP) and modified the structure of motile sperm subpopulations, increasing the fastest and most linear subpopulation. In contrast, the presence of either Omy A or FCCP abolished the aforementioned effects. Interestingly, our results also showed that the effects of red light depend on the exposure time applied, as indicated by the observed differences between irradiation protocols. In conclusion, our results suggest that exposing fresh donkey sperm to red light modulates the function of their mitochondria through affecting the activity of the electron chain. However, the extent of this effect depends on the irradiation pattern and does not exclude the existence of other mechanisms, such as those related to thermotaxis.
This work analyzes the effects of red LED light on mammalian sperm mitochondrial function, using the pig as an animal model. Liquid-stored pig semen was stimulated with red-light for 1, 5 and 10 min ...in the presence or absence of oligomycin A, a specific inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP synthase, or carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP), a specific disruptor of mitochondrial electron chain. Whereas exposure for 1 and 5 min significantly (
< 0.05) decreased total motility and intracellular ATP levels, irradiation for 10 min induced the opposite effect. Oligomycin A abolished the light-effects on intracellular ATP levels, O
consumption and mitochondrial membrane potential, whereas compared to non-irradiated samples, FCCP significantly (
< 0.05) increased O
consumption when sperm were irradiated for 1 min. Both oligomycin A and FCCP significantly (
< 0.05) decreased total motility. Red-light increased cytochrome
oxidase activity with a maximal effect after 5 min of irradiation, which was abolished by both oligomycin A and FCCP. In conclusion, red-light modulates sperm mitochondrial function via electron chain activity in an exposition, time-dependent manner.
Objective: To determine the coping and adaptive capabilities in patients with cancer undergoing treatment.
Methodology: This was a quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional study; the sample ...consisted of 100 patients with a cancer diagnosis who received chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy treatment between June and August 2019, meeting the inclusion criteria. The Coping and Adaptation Processing Scale (CAPS) was used.
Results: 53 % of the patients participating in the study presented high coping and adaptive capabilities; 40 % presented medium capabilities, and 7 % presented low capabilities.
Conclusion: Continuous follow-up is extremely important throughout the disease process; having a romantic partner becomes a protective factor since patients feel heard and cared for, which motivates them to follow through with the treatment. In the nursing field, knowing the experience of those who live with an illness allows for transcending and impacting care by providing holistic attention to patients.
Objetivo: determinar a capacidade de enfrentamento e adaptação em pessoas com câncer em tratamento.
Materiais e método: estudo quantitativo e descritivo, de corte transversal; a amostra foi conformada de 100 pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer que passaram por tratamento de quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia entre junho e agosto de 2019, cumprindo com os critérios de inclusão. Foi utilizada a Escala de Medição do Processo de Enfrentamento e Adaptação.
Resultados: 53 % dos pacientes estudados apresentaram capacidade de enfrentamento e adaptação alta; 40 % obtiveram capacidade média e 7 %, capacidade baixa.
Conclusões: o acompanhamento contínuo é de grande importância em todo o processo da doença; ter um parceiro(a) sentimental se torna um fator protetor, pois os pacientes se sentem escutados e atendidos, o que os motiva a continuar com o tratamento. Na área de enfermagem, conhecer a experiência de quem vive uma doença permite transcender e impactar o cuidado, oferecendo uma atenção holística.
Objetivo: determinar la capacidad de afrontamiento y adaptación en personas con cáncer en tratamiento.
Metodología: estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo de corte transversal; la muestra fue conformada por 100 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer que asistieron a tratamiento de quimioterapia y/o radioterapia entre junio y agosto del 2019, cumpliendo los criterios de inclusión. Se utilizó la Escala de Medición del Proceso de Afrontamiento y Adaptación (ESCAPS).
Resultados: 53% de los pacientes estudiados poseen una capacidad de afrontamiento y adaptación alta; 40% obtuvo capacidad media y 7% una capacidad baja.
Conclusión: el acompañamiento continuo es de gran importancia en todo el proceso de la enfermedad; tener una pareja sentimental se convierte en un factor protector pues los pacientes se sienten escuchados y atendidos, lo cual los motiva a continuar con el tratamiento. En el área de enfermería, conocer la experiencia de quienes viven una enfermedad permite trascender e impactar el cuidado brindando una atención holística.
Objective: To determine the coping and adaptive capabilities in patients with cancer undergoing treatment.
Methodology: This was a quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional study; the sample ...consisted of 100 patients with a cancer diagnosis who received chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy treatment between June and August 2019, meeting the inclusion criteria. The Coping and Adaptation Processing Scale (CAPS) was used.
Results: 53 % of the patients participating in the study presented high coping and adaptive capabilities; 40 % presented medium capabilities, and 7 % presented low capabilities.
Conclusion: Continuous follow-up is extremely important throughout the disease process; having a romantic partner becomes a protective factor since patients feel heard and cared for, which motivates them to follow through with the treatment. In the nursing field, knowing the experience of those who live with an illness allows for transcending and impacting care by providing holistic attention to patients.
Objective: To determine the coping and adaptive capabilities in patients with cancer undergoing treatment. Methodology: This was a quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional study; the sample ...consisted of 100 patients with a cancer diagnosis who received chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy treatment between June and August 2019, meeting the inclusion criteria. The Coping and Adaptation Processing Scale (CAPS) was used. Results: 53 % of the patients participating in the study presented high coping and adaptive capabilities; 40 % presented medium capabilities, and 7 % presented low capabilities. Conclusion: Continuous follow-up is extremely important throughout the disease process; having a romantic partner becomes a protective factor since patients feel heard and cared for, which motivates them to follow through with the treatment. In the nursing field, knowing the experience of those who live with an illness allows for transcending and impacting care by providing holistic attention to patients.
The aim of the study was to assess the impact of CT-based lung pathological opacities volume on critical illness and inflammatory response severity of patients with COVID-19.
A retrospective, single ...center, single arm study was performed over a 30-day period. In total, 138 patients (85.2%) met inclusion criteria. All patients were evaluated with non-contrast enhanced chest CT scan at hospital admission. CT-based lung segmentation was performed to calculate pathological lung opacities volume (LOV). At baseline, complete blood count (CBC) and inflammation response biomarkers were obtained. The primary endpoint of the study was the occurrence of critical illness, as defined as, the need of mechanical ventilation and/or ICU admission. Mann-Whitney U test was performed for univariate analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of critical illness. Spearman analysis was performed to assess the correlation between inflammatory response biomarkers serum concentrations and LOV.
Median LOV was 28.64% (interquartile range IQR, 6.33–47.22%). Correlation analysis demonstrated that LOV was correlated with higher levels of D-dimer (r = 0.51, p < 0.01), procalcitonin (r = 0.47, p < 0.01) and IL6 (r = 0.48, p < 0.01). Critical illness occurred in 51 patients (37%). Univariate analysis demonstrated that inflammatory response biomarkers and LOV were associated with critical illness (p < 0.05). However, multivariate analysis demonstrated that only D-dimer and LOV were independent predictors of critical illness. Furthermore, a ROC analysis demonstrated that a LOV equal or greater than 60% had a sensitivity of 82.1% and specificity of 70.2% to determine critical illness with an odds ratio of 19.4 (95% CI, 4.2–88.9).
Critical illness may occur in up to 37% of the patients with COVID-19. Among patients with critical illness, higher levels of inflammatory response biomarkers with larger LOVs were observed. Furthermore, multivariate analysis demonstrated that pathological lung opacities volume was an independent predictor of critical illness. In fact, patients with a pathological lung opacities volume equal or greater than 60% had 19.4-fold increased risk of critical illness.
Severe covid-19; Critical illness; Chest CT; Lung segmentation; Inflammatory response; Sars-CoV-2; Pneumonia
To assess the effect of computed tomography (CT)-based residual lung volume (RLV) on mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
A single-center, retrospective study of a ...prospectively maintained database was performed. In total, 138 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. Baseline chest CT scan was performed in all patients. CT-based automated and semi-automated lung segmentation was performed using the Alma Medical workstation to calculate normal lung volume, lung opacities volume, total lung volume, and RLV. The primary end point of the study was mortality. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine independent predictors of mortality.
Overall, 84 men (61%) and 54 women (39%) with a mean age of 47.3 years (±14.3 y) were included in the study. Overall mortality rate was 21% (29 patients) at a median time of 7 days (interquartile range, 4 to 11 d). Univariate analysis demonstrated that age, hypertension, and diabetes were associated with death (P<0.01). Similarly, patients who died had lower normal lung volume and RLV than patients who survived (P<0.01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that low RLV was the only independent predictor of death (odds ratio, 1.042; 95% confidence interval, 10.2-10.65). Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that a RLV ≤64% significantly increased the risk of death (odds ratio, 4.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-11.7).
Overall mortality of patients with COVID-19 may reach 21%. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that reduced RLV was the principal independent predictor of death. Furthermore, RLV ≤64% is associated with a 4-fold increase on the risk of death.
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