Spectroscopic and in cellulo studies are here reported on the very first BODIPY-luminol chemiluminescent resonance energy-transfer (CRET) cassette where the luminol CL agent is covalently linked to ...the BODIPY energy-transfer acceptor in a molecular dyad. The efficiency of intramolecular CRET investigated for the BODIPY-luminol dyad was found to be 64% resulting in a dual emissive response. Successful in cellulo biochemiluminescence via CRET was achieved in PMA activated splenocytes.
Summary
Background
Acral melanoma (AM) is the most common histopathological subtype of malignant melanoma in Asians. However, differences in the mutational profiles underlying AM and nonacral ...cutaneous melanoma (NAM) in Asians are not well understood.
Objectives
To augment the understanding of the prevalence, patterns and associations of various mutations between different subtypes of melanoma.
Methods
We performed comprehensive genomic profiling of 409 cancer‐associated genes, using next‐generation sequencing, in 66 primary melanomas comprised of 45 AMs and 21 NAMs.
Results
Most of the AMs (n = 27/45; 60%), but only five of 21 (24%) NAMs, were triple wild‐type (triple‐WT) tumours. Compared with AMs, NAMs exhibited a significantly higher frequency of BRAF mutations. The frequencies of NRAS/KRAS mutations, cell‐cycle aberrations, copy number gains in BIRC2, BIRC3 and BIRC5, and gains of receptor tyrosine kinase genes were significantly higher in AMs. Ulceration was found at significantly higher rates in the AMs and NAMs with cell‐cycle aberrations and gains of receptor tyrosine kinase genes. Notably, cell‐cycle aberrations and copy number gains in BIRC2, BIRC3 and BIRC5 were significantly associated with poor melanoma‐specific survival in the 66 patients with melanoma and especially in the 45 patients with AM. Multivariate analysis showed that lymph node metastasis and cell‐cycle aberrations were independent prognostic factors of melanoma‐specific survival.
Conclusions
This study strengthens our understanding of the patterns and clinical associations of oncogenic mutations in AMs and NAMs in Asians.
What's already known about this topic?
Mutation frequencies of driver genes vary between melanoma subtypes.
Acral melanoma is the most common subtype of melanoma in Asians.
KIT mutations and copy number variations occur more frequently in the acral subtype of melanoma than in the nonacral subtype
What does this study add?
NRAS/KRAS mutations, cell‐cycle aberrations, copy number gains in BIRC2, BIRC3 and BIRC5, and amplifications of receptor tyrosine kinase genes were significantly enriched in acral melanoma and could be potential targets for treatment.
Melanomas with cell‐cycle aberrations and gains in receptor tyrosine kinase genes were significantly more likely to contain ulceration.
What is the translational message?
Cell‐cycle aberrations and copy number gains in BIRC2, BIRC3 and BIRC5 were significantly associated with poor melanoma‐specific survival.
These observations should be explored further for future drug development.
Linked Comment: Johansson. Br J Dermatol 2020; 182:1085.
Plain language summary available online
As with all redox flow batteries, the Vanadium Redox flow Battery (VRB) can suffer from capacity loss as the vanadium ions diffuse at different rates leading to a build-up on one half-cell and ...dilution on the other. In this paper an extended dynamic model of the vanadium ion transfer is developed including the effect of temperature and bulk electrolyte transfer. The model is used to simulate capacity decay for a range of different ion exchange membranes that are being used in the VRB. The simulations show that Selemion CMV and Nafion 115 membranes have similar behavior where the impact of temperature on capacity loss is highest within the first 100 cycles. The results for Selemion AMV membrane however are seen to be very different where the capacity loss at different temperatures observed to increase linearly with increasing charging/discharging cycles. The model is made more comprehensive by including the effect of bulk electrolyte transfer. A volume change of 19% is observed in each half-cell for Nafion 115 membrane based on the simulation parameters. The effect of this change in volume directly affects concentration, and the characteristics are analyzed for each vanadium species as well as the overall concentration in the half-cells.
•An extended dynamic ion-diffusion model is developed to study capacity loss.•The temperature effect and bulk electrolyte transfer effect is modeled.•The established model is benchmarked with experiments.•The effect of temperature on three different membranes is analyzed.•Concentration change for individual ions leading to capacity decay was studied.
We describe a novel surgical technique in 31 women with histopathologically confirmed placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders managed by a multidisciplinary team using a prophylactic infrarenal ...abdominal aortic cross‐clamping technique during caesarean hysterectomy. We conclude that this new surgical procedure is a relatively safe technique to potentially control operative blood loss. Our work may stimulate others to develop protocols assessing this innovative technique to improve the surgical outcome of PAS disorders.
•The effect geometric and flow parameters on the overall performance of DL-MCHS is studied.•The optimal width ratio of DL-MCHS is increased with the increase of channel aspect ratio.•Higher aspect ...ratio and smaller width ratio is suited to the situation when higher pumping power is provided.•The performance is improved by adjusting the velocity in upper channels to be lower than in bottom channels.
Microchannel is one of several high-heat-flux removal techniques being used in electronic cooling. Double-layered microchannel heat sink (DL-MCHS) with counter current flow arrangement is found not only to be able to lower the thermal resistance of the heat sink, but also decrease the maximum temperature and streamwise temperature rise on the base surface compared with single-layered microchannel heat sink (SL-MCHS). The present paper numerically investigated the thermal resistance, pumping power and temperature distribution on the base surface of substrate of DL-MCHS in different microchannel parameters and flow conditions, so as to find the complicated relationship between the overall performance of DL-MCHS and its geometric parameters and flow conditions. The numerical results show that the optimal width ratio of DL-MCHS should be increased when the microchannel aspect ratio is increased. The effectiveness of increasing aspect ratio of microchannels on improving the overall performance of DL-MCHS is dependent on the pumping power provided. DL-MCHS with higher aspect ratio and smaller width ratio is suited to the situation when higher pumping power is provided. Compared with the situation with identical inlet velocity being assigned to the bottom and upper microchannels, adjusting the inlet velocity of upper channels to be smaller than that of bottom channels may result in the improvement of the overall performance of DL-MCHS at a given pumping power, especially when the given pumping power is lower. These strategies could be tried in the real application of DL-MCHS.
•Observation of exchange bias (EB) effect in Cu1−xCoxCr2O4.•EB effect is higher for x = 0.6 having highest coercivity.•Strongest structural distortion for x = 0.6 drives highest EB ...effect.•Demonstration of improving EB effect through the crystal structural engineering.
We investigate exchange bias (EB) effect in two members with x = 0.4 and 0.6 of multiferroic Cu1−xCoxCr2O4 series, which are close to the interface between two structures at room temperature and represent with structures having I41/amd and Fd3¯m space groups, respectively. Both the compounds exhibit EB effect having EB field (HE) of 244 and 870 Oe at 2 K for x = 0.4 and 0.6, respectively with a cooling field of 10 kOe, which decrease with increasing temperature and disappear near their ferrimagnetic ordering temperatures (TN) close to 100 K. We note that higher HE correlates the higher coercivity (HC), which is found highest for x = 0.6 in the entire series of compounds. Our low temperature synchrotron diffraction studies for x = 0.6 confirm magnetoelastic as well as electroelastic coupling observed close to TN and ferroelectric ordering temperature (TFE). A structural transition to a polar Ima2 structure from I41/amd is observed close to 154 K, which coincides with TFE. Below TFE, thermal variation of structural distortion defined by (a − b)/(a + b) demonstrates significant magnetoelastic coupling. More importantly, the distortion parameter is found significantly higher than the rest member of the series and provides a hint for the highest corecivity in the entire series and correlates the higher EB effect. Current study demonstrates a correlation between structural distortion and EB effect and provides a clue of improving EB effect through the crystal structural engineering.
