Lactoferrin has attracted great attention as a potential functional factor to prevent osteoporosis due to its various bioactivities. However, the molecular mechanism underlining the osteogenic ...activity of lactoferrin is unclear. In this study, effect of lactoferrin on MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells proliferation was determined using MTT assay, while MAPK signaling pathways related to proliferation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells were investigated based on mRNA and protein expressions. The distribution of cells at different cell cycle stages was evaluated by flow cytometry. Our findings indicated that lactoferrin enhanced MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells proliferation in a dose-dependent manner; namely, it increased the proportion of cells in S and G2/M phases. Furthermore, we also found that lactoferrin could stimulate ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK. The mRNA expression of MAPK were significantly enhanced after treatment of lactoferrin. Lactoferrin significantly promoted the activation-associated phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPK and prevented the activation of JNK. Additionally, lactoferrin could enhance c-Fos and c-Jun expression by 3 times and 26 times, respectively. These results indicated that lactoferrin induced MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells proliferation through c-Fos and c-Jun by stimulating ERK, JNK and p38, elucidating the molecular basis of the osteogenic activity of lactoferrin on MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells.
In the present study, a novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory (ACE inhibitory) peptide, EPNGLLLPQY, derived from walnut seed storage protein, fragment residues 80-89, was identified by ...ultra-high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) from walnut protein hydrolysate. The IC
value of the peptide was 233.178 μM, which was determined by the high performance liquid chromatography method by measuring the amount of hippuric acid (HA) generated from the ACE decomposition substrate (hippuryl-l-histidyl-l-leucine (HHL) to assess the ACE activity. Enzyme inhibitory kinetics of the peptide against ACE were also conducted, by which the inhibitory mechanism of ACE-inhibitory peptide was confirmed. Moreover, molecular docking was simulated by Discovery Studio 2017 R2 software to provide the potential mechanisms underlying the ACE-inhibitory activity of EPNGLLLPQY.
•Thrombin inhibitory peptides from casein were screened by bioinformatics analysis.•Thirty-five peptides from casein digestion by trypsin were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF.•One novel peptide with strong ...thrombin inhibitory activity was identified.•The antithrombotic mechanism underlying the peptides by molecular docking was explored.
Casein has been recognized as a good source of bioactive peptides that can be used for the production of functional food. In this study, thrombin inhibitory peptides from casein were screened by bioinformatics based on sequences predicted from in silico enzymatic digestion with trypsin, and identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS with Mascot analysis. Molecular docking was conducted using the software of Discovery Studio 2017 to provide the potential mechanism underlying the thrombin inhibitory activity of the peptides. A total of 35 novel peptides with thrombin inhibitory activity were identified. Moreover, FQSEEQQQTEDELQDK, derived from beta-casein (fragment 33–48), showed a remarkable sequence similarity with fragment 54–65 of hirudin, and exhibited strong inhibitory activity against thrombin. FQSEEQQQTEDELQDK had similar target domain (Lys36-Gln38-Arg73-Thr74-Lys81-Ile82-Lys110) on the stereo structure of thrombin compared with hirudin. This domain belongs to the partial structure of the active site 2 of thrombin (PDB: 2BVR), and it also located at the exosite I motif buried in the external surface of thrombin molecule, with potential inhibitory activity of the peptide.
A rapid, convenient, low-cost, and selective DNA isolation method was developed for identifying meat adulteration. A mesoporous metal organic framework (Meso-UIO-66)-coated solid phase ...microextraction system was employed as an isolation device to simplify DNA isolation into three steps (lysis, washing, and elution). Meso-UIO-66 was utilized as the adsorbent because of its positively charged surface, high chemical stability, and mesoporous structure. Meso-UIO-66 was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet‒visible spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption tests. Parameters that affected DNA isolation were optimized. This method can be used to isolate and purify DNA from meat in 60 s, and the DNA concentration and purity are comparable to those of samples isolated with a commercial kit. Multiple DNA detection was achieved by coupling this method with the multiplex polymerase chain reaction technique, and the detection limit was lower than 1% (w/w).
Graphical abstract
The blue mussel (
) reportedly contains many bioactive components of nutritional value. Water-, salt- and acid-soluble
protein fractions were obtained and the proteins were trypsinized. The resultant ...peptides were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). 387 unique peptides were identified that matched 81 precursor proteins. Molecular mass distributions of the proteins and peptides were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The differences between the three protein samples were studied by Venn diagram of peptide and protein compositions. Toxicity, allergic and antithrombotic activity of peptides was predicted using database website and molecular docking respectively. The antithrombotic activity of enzymatic hydrolysate from water-, salt- and acid-soluble
protein were 40.17%, 85.74%, 82.00% at 5 mg/mL, respectively. Active mechanism of antithrombotic peptide (ELEDSLDSER) was also research about amino acid binding sites and interaction, simultaneously.
Substantial human and animal studies support the beneficial effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on colonic inflammation and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, there are inconsistent ...results, which have shown that ω-3 PUFAs have no effect or even detrimental effects, making it difficult to effectively implement ω-3 PUFAs for disease prevention. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of ω-3 PUFAs will help to clarify their potential health-promoting effects, provide a scientific base for cautions for their use, and establish dietary recommendations. In this review, we summarize recent studies of ω-3 PUFAs on colonic inflammation and CRC and discuss the potential roles of ω-3 PUFA-metabolizing enzymes, notably the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, in mediating the actions of ω-3 PUFAs.
Plant proteins can meet consumers' demand for healthy and sustainable alternatives to animal proteins. It has been reported to possess numerous health benefits and is widely used in the food ...industry. However, conventional extraction methods are time-consuming, energy-intensive, as well as environmentally unfriendly. Plant proteins are also limited in application due to off-flavors, allergies, and anti-nutritional factors. Therefore, this paper discusses the challenges and limitations of conventional extraction processes. The current advances in green extraction technologies are also summarized. In addition, methods to improve the nutritional value, bioactivity, functional and organoleptic properties of plant proteins, and strategies to reduce their allergenicity are mentioned. Finally, examples of applications of plant proteins in the food industry are presented. This review aims to stimulate thinking and generate new ideas for future research. It will also provide new ideas and broad perspectives for the application of plant proteins in the food industry.
Plant sources, extraction, modification, and application of plant proteins. Display omitted
•The quality and recovery yield of plant proteins depends on extraction methods.•Compared to conventional ones, novel extraction techniques exhibit great potential.•Allergens, anti-nutrients, and unpleasant flavors limit plant proteins' applications.•Physical, chemical, and biological modifications can improve their properties.•Plant proteins act as packaging films, emulsion gels, and encapsulation materials.
is a typical marine bivalve mollusk. Many kinds of bioactive components with nutritional and pharmaceutical activities in
were reported. In this study, eight different parts of
tissues, i.e., the ...foot, byssus, pedal retractor muscle, mantle, gill, adductor muscle, viscera, and other parts, were separated and the proteins from these tissues were prepared. A total of 277 unique peptides from the hydrolysates of different proteins were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, and the molecular weight distribution of the peptides in different tissues was investigated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The bioactivity of the peptides was predicted through the Peptide Ranker database and molecular docking. Moreover, the peptides from the adductor muscle were chosen to do the active validation of anticoagulant activity. The active mechanism of three peptides from the adductor muscle, VQQELEDAEERADSAEGSLQK, RMEADIAAMQSDLDDALNGQR, and AAFLLGVNSNDLLK, were analyzed by Discovery Studio 2017, which also explained the anticoagulant activity of the hydrolysates of proteins from adductor muscle. This study optimized a screening and identification method of bioactive peptides from enzymatic hydrolysates of different tissues in
.
Osteoporosis can be classified as an inflammatory disease and the crosstalk between the immune system and bone growth should be considered. The effects of bovine lactoferrin on bone by ...osteoimmunology were investigated in the present study. Ten week old female BALB/c mice were ovariectomized (OVX) and fed for 12 weeks with a control diet or lactoferrin (2, 20 and 100 mg kg
−1
d
−1
). The results showed that following 12 weeks of treatment after surgery, OVX resulted in bone loss, but treatment with lactoferrin preserved bone homeostasis. Lactoferrin significantly improved bone mineral density, and increased the serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, while it decreased the serum levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Furthermore, according to micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), the bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and trabecular number (Tb.N) were elevated. The results indicated that the structure model index (SMI) was reduced in the OVX + LF groups. Additionally, lactoferrin enhanced the Max-Load and Max-Stress values of the femur, and increased the content of Ca and P. However, lactoferrin suppressed the RANKL/OPG ratio in OVX mice. Moreover, interferon-γ, interleukin-5 and interleukin-10 were elevated significantly in the OVX + LF groups. Lactoferrin had a positive effect on the bone micro-environment and might be a pleiotropic protein for the prevention and treatment of estrogen-dependent bone loss
via
the osteoimmunology pathway.
Lactoferrin preserves bone homeostasis
via
the osteoimmunology pathway.
Soybean oil, which has high abundance of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2ω-6), is the most commonly consumed edible oil. Recent studies support that a high dietary intake of LA is linked with increased risks ...of developing colonic inflammation and colon cancer. Here we studied the effects of the genetically modified Plenish® soybean oil, which has low abundance of LA as well as α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3ω-3), on development of azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colon tumorigenesis in mice. Compared with a diet rich in traditional soybean oil, administration of a diet enriched with the Plenish oil has little impact on AOM/DSS-induced colon tumorigenesis, colonic infiltration of immune cells, expressions of inflammatory genes, and tumor markers. These results suggest that the traditional and the Plenish soybean oils have similar effects on development of AOM/DSS-induced colon cancer in mice.
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